1. Direct analysis of calcium in liquid infant formula via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
- Author
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Cama-Moncunill, Xavier, Markiewicz-Keszycka, Maria, Cullen, Patrick J., Sullivan, Carl, and Casado-Gavalda, Maria P.
- Subjects
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LASER-induced breakdown spectroscopy , *LIQUID analysis , *PARTIAL least squares regression , *INFANT formulas , *LIQUID surfaces , *THIN films - Abstract
• LIBS quantification of calcium in liquid infant formula. • Use of a rotatory wheel for liquid surface analysis through formation of thin films. • Linear regression with PLS successfully developed. • Calcium contents were predicted with good accuracy. The present work illustrates the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the direct analysis of liquid food products. The aim of the experiment was to predict calcium content in ready-to-feed infant formula. The analysis was performed by a LIBS system coupled to a liquid sample chamber with a rotatory wheel that presents the liquid to the laser beam as a thin film. Multivariate analysis with partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed to correlate LIBS spectral data to reference calcium contents. The obtained PLSR model exhibited a good fit and linearity, as indicated by the coefficients of determination for calibration (R c 2) and cross-validation (R cv 2), with values of 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. The robustness of the calibration model was assessed by external validation showing a root-mean-square error of prediction of 6.45 mg 100 mL−1. These results demonstrated the potential of LIBS for real-time analysis of liquid food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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