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Objective: To investigate the influence of iloprost inhalation on chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Method: A total of 40 patients with NSCLC, who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2014 to August 2015, were chosen as the research subjects and randomly divided into treatment group and control group. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, on the basis of which, the treatment group was added iloprost inhalation. The levels of serum HIF-1琢and VEGF in the two groups were detected by ELISA method before and after treatment, the physical condition of the patients was evaluated by Karnofsky score. The clinical effect and the incidence of side effects in the two group were compared. Results: The response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Incidence of side effects in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Serum HIF-1琢and VEGF levels in the two groups after treatment were lower than before treatment. The levels of serum HIF-1琢and VEGF in the treatment group 1 day and 21 days after treatment were lower than those in the control group in the same period, furthermore, the levels of serumHIF-1琢and VEGF in the two groups 21 days after treatment were lower than those 1 day after treatment（P<0.05）. Conclusion: Iloprost inhalation can improve the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells by regulating the serumHIF-1 and VEGF levels, which has a good and safe effect, and satisfied prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]