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Memory and rememoration were crucial for the (re)construction of postcolonial identities in the heyday of historical and cultural retrieval in earlier postcolonial literature. With the gradual change of focus towards considerations of identity construction in neocolonial societies, the importance of rememoration faded while memory continues to haunt characters in contemporary postcolonial fiction, as Caryl Phillips's writing illustrates. His protagonists retrace memories of past lives, seeking refuge from loss, exile and marginalization, risking permanent entrapment in the labyrinths of past traumas. Although withdrawal into memory prevents some of them from adapting to their surroundings, memory in Phillips's work as a whole serves as a meeting point for pogrom survivors. It is a polyphonic, heterotopian, heterogeneous imaginary community to which the uprooted figures of his novels belong. The aim of this article is to examine the function of memory in Phillips's vision, arguing that the established space of memory is designed to mend the rift between value-infested polarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a classic example of musica poetica, Christoph Bernhardt Tractatus compositions augmentatus exhibits a rhetorical mode of thought. But while rhetoric informs an aesthetic in which music is bound to specific purposes, it also gives the foundation for theoretical, aesthetic, and social principles of musical autonomy. Autonomy and functionality are not mutually exclusive. This article tracks the emergence of concepts and practices of autonomy in the late seventeenth century, and, secondly, redefines aesthetic autonomy as linked to a particular type of function - the use of music to strive toward »the good life,« as Aristotle termed the goal of human existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of biological-based polymers (biopolymers) which begins almost 3,500 years ago until the 20th century. It mentions that the beginning of biopolymers was studied along with natural rubber. It notes that the bio-based polymers are considered as new materials that contains monomeric units covantly bonded to form large structures. It adds that the first polymeric materials are biological based produced by living organisms.

Dialogue (diálogos) is a fundamental concept in the existential foundations of philosophy, and metaphysics, from Aristotle to the present day, has been the fundamental form and very essence of philosophy. The first forms of dialogue can be traced back to ancient Greek tragedy, which portrays fateful events. In these tragedies, the chorus and actors engage in a dialogue that goes beyond everyday conversation. It serves to represent and understand these fateful events, involving both the posing of a thesis (statement) and its antithesis (opposition) in ancient Greek terms. This logical and linguistic structure finds its foundation in the concept of logos, which for Heraclitus extends beyond mere speech or words. The foundations of philosophical dialogue lie partly in ancient tragedy and partly in Heraclitus' concept of the struggle of opposites. Dialogue is a form of communication aimed at overcoming misunderstandings. It is distinct in its origin, foundation, and multifaceted development from both discussion and dispute. Particularly in the context of contemporary communication, it is valuable to revisit some of the elements and characteristics that differentiate these terms. From a historical perspective, philosophical dialogues are not always unambiguous or unified in form. Therefore, it is important to re-emphasize the core thread and crucial significance of philosophical dialogue, which has persisted for millennia and embodies the "eternal return" to humanity's metaphysical quest for truth and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the birth of a national historical discourse in Central Asia at the turn of the 20th century with special reference to the Taranchi Turks of Russian Semirech'ye (Zhetissu) and early example of Uyghur national history written by the Taranchi intellectual Näzäroja Abdusemätov (d. 1951). The article shows how intellectuals among the Taranchi Turks, an ethnic group who settled in the Semirech'ye oblast of the Russian Empire in late 19th century, became involved in debates on nations and national history organized on the pages of the Tatar newspapers and journals in the Volga region of Russia. Näzäroja Abdusemätov's published work Ili Taranchi Türklirining tarihi ('History of the Taranchi Turks of Ili') receives particular attention as part of an examination of the evolution of the author's ideas about an Uyghur nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about Kurdish rebellions and conflict groups in Turkey during the 1920s and 1930s. The study defines these rebellions and conflict groups as local, sporadic and segmented. They were local as they underwent regional forms and variations. Yet, the values and actions of rebellious actors were not reduced to only local realities since it is possible to observe that they exceeded local frames by religious and nationalist motivations. Second, they were sporadic because they did not have temporal continuity. Most importantly, they were segmented in the sense that Kurdish actors in the revolts were not fully integrated. Even though they had almost identical conflictual relationships with state power, they were not present together in the same revolt. These major characteristics determined the nature of mobilization as well as the boundaries of Kurdish conflict groups and rebellions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great War was the beginning of the settlement of the Russian population in the town of Bjelovar in war conditions, most often as prisoners of war directed to the treatment of the military or civilian hospital. Thus, in Bjelovar during the Great War died 71 members of the Russian people, principally the soldiers, prisoners. Some were later permanently inhabited, founded by his family and worked in Bjelovar longer or shorter time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempt to find a firm support for the very idea of Europe and for its identity leads us to a fluid and hard-to-determine term or definition that could clearly and precisely determine the identity basis of Europe. The layering that is obvious through historical review leads us to the seemingly paradoxical conclusion: it is precisely in this fluidity we could first come close to defining the identity of Europe. The identity of Europe can certainly be seen in its culture, which contained many elements of the spiritual in man (and which are not exhausted in either psychological or religious manifestations). This same culture which created everything that is instinctively understood as Europe in terms of history and identity today is marginalized without an existing alternative under the influence of politics, economics, and exhausted postmodernist enterprise which has anchored affect at the centre of its thought on power at the expense of idealized normative considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anamnesis (Greek: αναμνηση — memory) is a conversation with the patient in order to gather all the information that is essential for discovering the true nature of the disease and making an accurate diagnosis. The oft-quoted saying “Listen to your patient; he will tell you what his diagnosis is" shows the value of the anamnesis in diagnosis. It is believed that the anamnesis has the greatest importance in establishing the correct diagnosis. 50%-70% of the diagnosis is made already on the basis of the anamnesis. Proper history taking is a medical skill that requires from the examiner: good knowledge, a lot of time and patience. In addition, cultural behavior and certain personal qualities and skills of the doctor are also important. But taking an anamnesis is not only a science, but also a skill and an art, as it requires interpretation and clarification of the conversation with the patientAgood clinical assessmentcomes first, and itis reached after many years of practice. Patients with the same diseases can express their symptoms differently, so the main characteristic of medicine as an art is how the doctor interprets different descriptions of the same phenomenon. In the process of taking an anamnesis, doctors are detectives, and the patient (and family or companions) are witnesses. If we ask the right questions and make sure we really understand what the patient has experienced, we are much more likely to arrive at an accurate diagnosis quickly. The point of contact between art and science in medicine is where the doctor feels the emotion that brought the patient to the office. The doctor must not only listen to the words the patient uses, but clarify their meaning. When he learns this, he becomes an artist of the best kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maternity ward at the Rebro Hospital in Zagreb was established in the newly opened new hospital on 12 May 1942. It operated discontinuously at the gynaecology and obstetrics department during three periods between 1942 and 1946, when it was closed. It was located on the second floor of the eastern part of the hospital with 24 beds. During the activity of the maternity ward from 13 May 1942 to 16 December 1942, 24 May 1944 to 28 August 1945, and from 6 February 1946 to 28 July 1946, there were 1,337 births. They were registered as live births, stillbirths and aborted children weighing 450 grams or more, so perinatal mortality was therefore significantly higher (38.89 ‰) because, in addition to physiological, a significant number of pathological births were performed in the hospital. The head of the newly established ward was Ass. prof. prim. Dr Filip Dražančić, who worked alongsideward doctors and midwives. Most of the women who gave birth were from Zagreb, with a smaller number of women from other parts of Croatia, primary housewives aged 20-30. In the mentioned period, three mothers died. All obstetric procedures, episiotomies, caesarean section, assistance during breech delivery, rotating of a baby, forceps, and treatment of perineallacerations were performed under local infiltration, spinal (lumbar) or general inhalation anaesthesia using ether. Along with a significant number of home midwifery deliveries and the already established hospital maternity wards in the Petrova and Merkur sanatoriums, the maternity ward at the Rebro hospital,until now only sporadically mentioned as an institution, had an important place in the development of hospital obstetrics in Zagreb and Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I have collected information about the first women veterinarians in approximately 40 countries. However, I am aware of the fact that some information may not be complete or correct, therefore, I shall be very glad to receive any missing information or rectification. Nowadays, when in some countries female veterinary students make about 75-80% or even more of veterinary medicine students in total, it is good to learn that a century ago it was not easy for women to study veterinary medicine, a subject taught since Cheiron's time only to male students. The first countries where we found female veterinarians are Switzerland, France, Great Britain and Germany. In all these countries veterinary schools have an old and rich tradition. A stimulating factor for women to study veterinary sciences was also the First World War because of good possibilities for employment. After WWI it was easier to study veterinary medicine for women, especially in the newly founded countries: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Baltic countries. A lot of German university professors worked in the 1920s and 1930s in Bulgaria and Turkey, which probably also contributed to the situation: women were beginning to be accepted at studies of veterinary medicine. The development and implementation of new fields such as hygiene, laboratory, pets, fish disease etc. also resulted in the opening of new working areas for women veterinarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the development of metalurgy in the world whose beginnings date 7 000 years B.C. On the teritory of today s Croatia metalurgy has been present for 6000 years. Three civilizations have left evidence the Celtic, the Roman and civilization of Vučedol. After the arrival of the Cratis to this teritory, metalurgy developed more intensively in the region of Sisak and Banovina as well as Samobor and Gorski Kotar. Bells and guns were cast in Dubravnik and Zagreb. The industrial production starte din 1853 (Foundry in Rijeka), production of ferroalloys, Šibenik 1900 y, also Dugi Rat 1906 y, and in 1937 the production of aluminium and Al – alloys in Lozovac (continuo by 1905) as with the construction of the blast furnace in Caprag in 1939. In the period after 1945 until 1990, Croatia had several metallurgical companies and acceptable production coke, iron, steel, fero-alloys, electrodes, casting, reinforced concrete steel, seamless and welded tubes, strips, billets, aluminium etc. Total production in Croatia in 1990 was ~ 3 000 000 tons of various metallurgical products (without castings). Per year in 1990 until 2012 plants of over 2 600 000 t of metallurgical per year were torn down or put out of operations. Total metallurgical production in Croatia in was 2011 y 248 910 tons i.e. level 8,3 % (comparison with the production in 1990 y), what is significant of the destruction of Croatia metallurgy for 22 years. The Article give also several press notices to the public information by members of the Croatian Metallurgicall Society and Apprentices in order to sustain and revitalize of the Croatian metalurgy (supplements). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National holidays are one of the means that nourish the sense of unity and solidarity, aim to transfer the national culture from generation to generation, and provite to best remembering as a nation. Ceremonies, competitions, speeches, recited poems and performances during the feast support the consruction of national identity, ensure that the participants have fun and increase the number of participants in the next feast. While these activities remind the common past, they also help shape the future. While the sacrifices and achievements the ancestors of the pasta re commemorated with national holidays, the national feelings of the nation are revived and their pride is flattered. Another function of national holidays is to express the regime revolution and to instill the consciousness of being a citizen of the republic. National holidays which took place with the wide participation of the people, also strengthened the legitimacy of the political power. Especially 1933-1945 with the insructions of the General Secretariat of the Republican People's Party, holiday celebrations were carried out within a certain plan and program, until they reached the cities, towns and villages throughout the country. The subject of this study is the effect of national holidays in nationalization and modernization and the explanation of this effect with the example of Isparta province. While giving information about how the national holşday celebrations were held in Isparta between 1925-1940 which promrams the interest and socia-cultural impact of the people of Isparta in the celebrations were tried to be determined. The subject has been discussed by making use of archive documents, local press and research works between the specified dates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The founder of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was Prof. Dr. Georg Joseph Beer, who founded the First University Eye Clinic in the Vienna General Hospital in 1812. Prof. Ferdinand von Arlt led it for 27 years from 1856 to 1883. As the First Eye Clinic became too small, the Second University Eye Clinic was founded in 1883 at the same hospital in Vienna. Since 1885 it had been led for 30 years by Prof. Ernst Fuchs. Many well-known ophthalmologists were leading those Viennese eye clinics. However, Arlt and Fuchs were the main representatives of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology, which was always characterised by the high standards in the diagnosis and therapy of eye diseases. Many Croatian ophthalmologists were educated by them or their students, and later they established eye departments in the major cities in Croatia and transmitted acquired knowledge and experience. The first eye departments in Croatia were formed at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The First University Eye Clinic in Croatia started to work in Zagreb in 1923. Our ophthalmologists transmitted the organisation of the clinics as they existed in Vienna, and that was the matrix form of all European clinics at that time. Therefore, the tradition of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was passed on to the next generations. The paper also gives short biographies of Viennese and Croatian ophthalmologists and their mutual relations in education and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginnings of the world metallurgy date back to the 7000 years B.C. On the territory of today's Croatia, metallurgy has been present for 6000 years. Three civilizations have left the evidence of this: Vucedol, Celtic, and Roman civilization. After the arrival of the Croats, metallurgy has been more intensively present in the Sisak-Banovina and Samobor regions, as well as Gorski Kotar region. Casting of bells (and cannons) was developed in Dubrovnik and Zagreb. The industrial production start date was in 1853 (Foundry in Rijeka), in 1937 (the production of aluminium and Al-alloys in Lozovac) as well as in 1939 with the construction of the blast furnace in Caprag. In the period after 1945, until 1990, Croatia had several metallurgical companies and acceptable production of coke, iron, steel, ferroalloys, electrodes, casting, reinforced concrete steel, seamless and welded tubes, strips, billets, aluminium, etc. In 1990, total production of various metallurgical products in Croatia was 2.670.000 tons of which up to 2.000.000 t/y came from Steelworks Sisak. From 1990 to 2012, over 2.600,00 t/g of metallurgical products were demolished or discontinued, which represented the collapse of Croatian metallurgy. The paper cites more important publications on the Steelworks Sisak, which was a long-standing carrier of metallurgical production in Croatia. There is also a review of the last published Proceedings of the Sisak Ironworks (2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In 1907, the City Council of Novi Sad authorized the building of a new city hospital. The complex of hospital buildings was planned as a modern pavilion-style hospital with a 300 bed capacity. Foundation. The Pavilion 1 was intended for Admitting Department, Management and Administrative Departments. The facade of this building was decorated with a monumental mosaic of two angels. The Pavilion 2 was built for Departments of Surgery and Gynecology, whereas the Pavilion 3 included departments for patients with internal diseases, patients with skin and venereal diseases and maternity ward, but occasionally some infectious and neurological patients were treated there as well. In 1912, two new buildings were built: the first was the Antitrachoma Department and the other for patients with tuberculosis. During the First World War, the City Hospital was turned into a military hospital for the wounded, and also for those suffering from abdominal and typhoid fever, as well as from Spanish fever. Period between the two world wars. Since 1921, the founder of the hospital and its name have changed, and it has become the General State Hospital. After young physicians, educated at famous European medical centers, were employed, the Novi Sad State Hospital experienced a great advancement, especially in the field of surgery. In 1922, a new building was built, where the Bacteriological Station and the Pasteur Institute were established. The problems that the City Hospital was facing transferred to the General State Hospital, and were mostly financial. Before the Second World War, the State Hospital had a 455 bed capacity. After the Hungarian armed forces occupied Novi Sad in May 1941, the hospital director and all the ward physicians were replaced by Hungarian military doctors who worked there until September 1944. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The paper presents the history of the Zadar Library Association, one of the oldest library associations in Croatia, from 1949 to 2018. The aim of the paper is to describe the representation of the topics in the lectures and seminars organized by the Association or others, and thus point to the importance of library association in acquiring of the professional knowledge and raising the level of professional engagemnet as well as the promotion of contemporary trends in the library profession. Methodology. The historical method in the use of archival and other materials was used in the preparation of the paper. Results. The paper shows the viability of the Zadar Library Association activity over a longer period of time, its development and achievements despite some periods of stagnation. Presenting the Zadar Library Association activities, especially in the organization of lectures, the paper emphasizes keeping up with new knowledge and contemporary trends in librarianship which are then presented to the local library community in the lectures and seminars. Originality. The paper aims to give an overview of the seventy years of the Zadar Library Association, with an emphasis on the education of librarians through various activities - lectures and seminars. For the first time, the chronological representation of the topics of lectures and seminars that follow the needs of the librarians' community in the given period is presented. This makes the paper, not only the historical presentation of the development of the Library Association in Zadar, but also the reconstruction of the historical development of librarianship in the local area throughout the mentioned period, reflecting the state of the librarianship development at the global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exercise test has for decades been an unavoidable non-invasive method in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Despite the development of other modern and sophisticated noninvasive and invasive methods for coronary artery disease diagnosis, the exercise test has not lost its place to this day and is usually the first line in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. This paper gives an overview of the historical development of exercise testing in the world and in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the eighteenth century there was a significant increase in the Greek Orthodox Christian population in the region of the western coast of Asia Minor, which was accompanied by the establishment of new settlements and the growth of existing ones, as Ayval?k. In the following article we will study both the formation of this city's 'tradition of origin' and its various transformations in the course of time. Ayval?k's cultural memory was neither fixed nor unified since members of subsequent generations, as well as members of different sociocultural groups, often tended to fill the emerging 'floating gaps' according to their, sometimes, competing political agendas. In doing so, they formed nostalgic narratives by making use of certain elements of local and national history, myths and legends, folk tradition, religion and culture in order to mobilize groups and form identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ideological content of (political) folk songs in apartheid South Africa. The FAK Sangbundel (songbook) found its way into countless Afrikaner homes, churches, organisations and schools, and became unanimous with Afrikaner culture and nationalism, imprinting certain beliefs and ideas on society. By applying Johann Visagie's Figurative Semiotics Theory, the underlying and sometimes hidden ideological deep structures found in political folk song texts reveal the undeniable ideological beliefs concealed within these songs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to give an account of the Latin naming of the different types of teeth by reviewing relevant historical and contemporary literature. The paper presents etymologies of Latin or Greek teeth names, their development, variants and synonyms, and sometimes the names of their authors. The Greek names did not have the status of official terms, but the Latin terms for particular types of teeth gradually established themselves. Names for the incisors, canines and molars are Latin calques for the Greek ones (tomeis, kynodontes, mylai), dens serotinus is an indirect calque of the Greek name (odús) opsigonos, and the term pre-molar is created in the way which is now common in modern anatomical terminology, using the prefix prae- = pre and the adjective molaris. The Latin terms dentes canini and dentes molares occur in the Classical Latin literature, the term (dentes) incisivi is found first time in medieval literature, and the terms dentes premolares and dens serotinus are modern-age ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full or partial access of women to the mosque in various historical periods has influenced the architectural type and setup, especially in the mosque interiors in the form of women's prayer space (maksura) reserved for women. This study examines women's access to the mosque, particularly with emphasis on the architectural typology of women's prayer space in sixty mosques from 15th to 19th centuries located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Macedonia as specific case studies, which has often remained relatively unrecognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hermeneutics is the branch of knowledge that deals with the problem of understanding and interpretation of texts, learnings, events, and so on. The question is whether the interpreter reproduces what he interprets or in his interpretation he participates creatively? Or, does the interpreter during his interpretation, eg. a work of art, a philosophical text or a historical event, bring his own assumptions? Any kind of understanding (interpretation) is always more than mere reproduction. Understanding is always possible only under the assumption that there are both its own assumptions, and individual and social-historical. If the thought of Karl Marx had properly understood and applied, it is certainly that a part of humanity would not have had communist "systems", but it would have had well organized political systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A short survey of midwifery and obstetrics development in the northwest part of Croatia is presented in this paper, from J.B. Lalangue's coming to Varaždin, through the founding and work of Midwifery School and National Maternity in Zagreb to the persons without whom this would not be possible or it would be quite different. Lalangue, being an expert on obstetrics, noticed in a very short period of time, all misfortune caused by incompetent work of then's midwives, so he published the book "Brevis institutio de re obstetritia illiti kratek navuk od mestrie pupkorezne...", and started first midwifery courses for peasant women. Focus of this paper is on Prof. Dr Antun Lobmayer textbook analyses, and he was the first professor of midwifery, and the director of the "Royal Midwifery School" and the "National Maternity" in Zagreb. Textbooks for midwives named "Midwifery- Learning Book for Midwives', had six editions over 50 years and they represent the basis of Croatian midwifery textbook literature. Prof. Dr Franjo Durst, the assistant and successor of Prof. Lobmayer completed and partially revised the last two editions. Besides the biographies of the "Midwifery School" professors, an analyssis and critical review on the mentioned textbooks is given from today's medicine point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyses of the late thirteenth/fourteenth century Trogir Epistolary decorated initials and the comparison with two thirteenth century Evangelistaries kept today in Trogir and written in the Beneventan script reveal continuity of usage of initials typical for eleventh century Dalmatian manuscripts written in Beneventan script. These are geometric initials composed from rectangular upper forms divided into compartments and placed on slender vertical shafts, and ornamental initials composed from the typical Beneventan repertory of forms such as interlacing pattern, pearl ornament and ornamental animal heads. The Trogir Epistolary also contains archaic initials with human and animal depictions that derive from the Beneventan tradition. Possible prototypes for these initials from manuscripts written in Carolingian script are suggested as well as one of the possible explanations of the conservative features of its decoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vatican manuscript Burghes. 14 contains a pontifical or book of episcopal ceremonies written in Gothic script in the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century. Intended for the use of Dubrovnik it was later in Avignon and then Riga. Many of the manuscript's ordines are based on ordines in the thirteenth-century Pontifical of the Roman Curia, a collection composed in Roman circles in several stages through the thirteenth century and the most-copied pontifical of the later medieval period. In addition to these ordines, the manuscript contains local elements, a number of which are based on texts like those copied in a twelfth-century Pontifical from Kotor in Beneventan script (St. Petersburg, BRAN, F. 200). Many of the local elements have been erased or otherwise modified to bring the manuscript into conformity with Roman practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the dawn of medicine, medical rights and ethics have always been one of mankind's concerns. In any civilisation, attention paid to medical laws and ethics depends on the progress of human values and the advancement of medical science. The history of various civilisations teaches that each had its own views on medical ethics, but most had something in common. Ancient civilisations such as Greece, Rome, or Assyria did not consider the foetus to be alive and therefore to have human rights. In contrast, ancient Persians valued the foetus as a living person equal to others. Accordingly, they brought laws against abortion, even in cases of sexual abuse. Furthermore, abortion was considered to be a murder and punishments were meted out to the mother, father, and the person performing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the events at Munster in 1534-35 represent one of the basic reasons why evangelical historians are sometimes reluctant to trace their denominational origins from the Anabaptist (Radical Reformation) movement of the sixteenth century. The author of this article offers a new look at the unfortunately well-known events of the "Munsterite kingdom", comparing them with analogous events in the Ancient Church and also in contemporary Anabaptist, Roman Catholic, and Protestant (Lutheran, Zwinglian) history. A comparative analysis shows that the situation in Munster applied to the radical wing of the Anabaptists only was, at the same time, not that far beyond the boundaries of religious practice common in Europe at the time. The moderate Anabaptist wing condemned the events at Munster, and future development of the movement, especially among the Mennonites, moved in the direction of absolute pacifism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a brief historical overview of the Collection of Old Books and Manuscripts belonging to the University Library of Split (ULS), which was registered as Croatian cultural heritage in 2010, we would also like to mention several other valuable library memorial collections. For example, the decades-long library management policy of the ULS in the Book Collection Department to extract a part of the library materials that were printed before 1830 and in the period from 1830 to 1850 into a separate collection, has consequently led to undermining of the integrity of some memorial library collections, both public and private. Recording information about the history of individual copies (taken from manuscripts and ex-libris stamps) during cataloging and processing the materials printed after 1830-1850 according to the ISBD (A) would enable access to the wealth of social and cultural content of private and public libraries, created since the second half of 19th century. The analysis of the activities and cataloging of two public libraries collections: library of the Gabinetto di lettura Society and the National Slavic Library corroborate this thesis. The example of a good practice is the cataloging and processing the ULS collection of rare and old books in the Science Library in Zadar, whose records contain a note saying that an item comes from the library of Julio Bajamonti. From these examples we may conclude that by applying the group 7 ISBD (A), with the on-line catalogs features, we can help in reconstructing the complete library holdings history and also in creating virtual collections, regardless of their exact storage location, in or outside the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suheyl Ünver is a personality devoted his life to revelation and preservation of our culture and civilization. Therefore, he noted down whatever he saw and heard while exploring Anatolian territory. He compiled books from these notes which were taken about the cities that had historical background. With his diligence and determination, the number of books reached to the thousands. One of these belonged to Amasya. In this study, Suheyl Ünver's notes in Amasya notebooks which were mostly written in Ottoman Handwriting translated into modern Turkish. In addition, required foot notes were given if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author attempts in this article is to reestablish importance of sociological theory of Werner Sombart and disparate impact from which it is made. At the same time, the paper draws attention to the marginalization of many decades the idea of this great sociological classics. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of transevaluation factors or revaluation value and critical dialogue between Sombart and Weber who has advanced the sociological theories of both authors. Of all these influences and the social, political and cultural circumstances in whichWerner Sombart's sociology matured, especially the idea of a separate background is Nietzschean revaluation of values, which Werner Sombart most associated with Max Weber in their common, generational effort to define the spirit of his epoch - the spirit capitalism and the issues of values and ethics. It was pointed out that the sociological theory Sombart built, with the right can say, only from German impact. Moreover, the dominance of national Weltanschauung and which Sombart shared with other German intellectuals of the time strongly manifested in their role as spokesmans for the entire nation of Germany, and the idea of the national economy, politics and history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This year marks one hundred years since the adoption of the Constitution of province (Statute) for Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is a imposed act, created after the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it is interesting to point out how one European country like Austria-Hungary, tried to arrange the question of organization and jurisdiction of Parliament as a political institution. The autor will try to the analysis of the Constitution of province to answer the following questions: In what way was organized a Parliament? What jobs were in his jurisdiction? No intention of entering the legal nature of the Constitution of province and whether it really is about the constitution or not, the author of the paper adhered to the official name of the act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endeavor of humans towards explaining their own mind is a permanent part of the process of understanding oneself and being a human. In the period beginning from ancient Greece till the foundation of new psychology, human mind is tried to be explained with the findings obtained from philosophical approaches and the researches in the field of physiology. After the foundation of new psychology, the methods used in studying mind has changed and evolved. While the importance that mind has gained brought the cognitive revolution forefront, the emergence of cognitive psychology and the development of cognitive sciences appeared in the same period. In the 1990s, with the development of cognitive neurosciences which analyze cognitive processes in terms of brain functions, all the disciplines studying how the brain works were gathered under this framework. The goal of this article is to examine the approaches which influenced the formation of cognitive psychology, the cognitive models which were developed to explain human mind, as well as the new research methods applied in the developmental process of cognitive neurosciences. This article also inquires the present situation and the future of cognitive neurosciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

XIX. and the end of the XX century, especially in North Azerbaijan, Armenia and Eastern Anatolia, the territory of today's Turks suffered a genocide and atrocities are being semesters. Unfortunately, today in Europe and the former Soviet historiography on these atrocities and genocide has ever considered. Born in Kuba, one of the first Armenian persecution (Guba-Quba) in 1905 were made in the province. The border to Russian, this region was of strategic importance to the holding position. In this study, located in the north of Azerbaijan in Turkey against the Kuba Region will focus on the atrocities. During these years, this land of the Armenians and their supporters in their activities based on archival documents will consider weighted. All the activities of the Armenian Dashnak power mainly in Russian, indicating the support of outside forces has a large number of archival documents. Azerbaijan of the National State Archives (ARDA-ARMDA-ARDTA), Azerbaijan Political Parties and Movements assembly Library (ARSPİHA), Russian Federation State Historical Library (RFDTA), Literature and arts Library, National publications, the Academy of Sciences Institute of History Library , History Faculty Library, Kuba City Library Fond Jewish institutions in areas such as the vast majority of documents in Russian, Armenian gangs only within the borders of Ottoman Anatolia to Turkey, but also in the Kuba region in the Azeri atrocities in Turkey they are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first trained (certified) midwives came to the newly founded town of Bjelovar, a strong military centre of Vojna Krajina (Croatian province bordering Ottoman Empire), at the beginning of the 1750s, along with army physicians, surgeons, and pharmacists. Most were of German origin. The archival material investigated for the period 1756-1856 speaks of 23 certified midwives, of whom 14 were regimental and nine municipal. This period was characterised by high neonatal and maternal mortality rates and criminal abortions. Within the scope of the domiciliary midwifery model that included care for pregnant women, parturient women, neonates, and infants, midwives used to act as godmothers to newborns at risk, in periculo, or to healthy newborns. Although Bjelovar had professional midwifery service, the practice of unassisted childbirths continued in the town surroundings. Unlike other inland and coastal (Dalmatian) towns of the time, Bjelovar has had a continuous tradition of training midwives and maternal health care since the 1750s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the burg of Bela at Ivanščica, a former fortified centre of the preceptory and subsequently a kastelanat of the Knights Hospitaller. The site was surveyed, which served as the basis for a description of the material remains of the burg as well as its first detailed ground-plan. Considering that no archaeological excavations have been carried out so far, the information in the text is supplemented by a review and study of written documents, toponymy and traditions. The thesis about the existence of a defensive tower of a circular ground plan is refuted; its alleged ''remains'' are attributed to a cistern, while the massive defensive tower of a rectangular ground plan is tentatively placed in the southern part of the courtyard. Based on the collected indicators the date put forward for the creation of this stone burg is the beginning of the 13th or the end of the 12th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about the history of Mevleviyye in the region of Kütahya/Turkey. In this study, we are concerned with the history of Kütahya Mevlevihane from it's beginning up until closure in 1925. We shall deal with the lives of all Mevlevi masters (Sheyh) with a special emphasis on their partucular ideas. We shall also focus on the place of Kütahya Mevlevihane in the social, cultural and political life of Kütahya in particular and Otaman State in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Croatia, we note no significant efforts in the systematic study of the nursing history. To this day nursing contribution has only been systematically processed for the period between the two World wars.1 The work of nurses is in historiography relatively poorly treated, despite that it is the key to understanding the social and medical concepts, but also the general public health and social system of the interwar era.2,3 The study of the contribution of religious communities was neglected until 1990s, which has its cause in the reluctance of the former political system to study activities within the Church. Croatian Nurses Association, which was according to available data established in 1927 represents the backbone of the nursing professionalization and is reflected in the activities that were directed towards the publishing of professional journals, efforts to develop education at the university level, establishment of nursing unions, chambers and many other activities. The professionalization of nursing in Croatia follows the trends of developed countries with a certain time-delay due to the specific historical, social and economic conditions. Croatian nursing is just on the threshold of the hundred years since the founding of its first nursing school in Zagreb that opened in January of 1921. Since the founding of the school nurses had a distinctive uniform and a corresponding pin which differentiated them from the other personnel. In the wake of the aforementioned needs Croatian Nurses Association has founded in 2013 the Association for the History of Nursing. Accumulated historical data concerning the professionalization of nursing in Croatia will be shown during the exhibit. Two posters depict activities of Croatian Nursing Association since its founding to this day. Other two posters focus on the changes of the nursing uniform and show nursing pins that were awarded after graduation or as awards. The last poster is dedicated to Homeland War (1991-1995) and the role that nurses played in wartime healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]