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Objective Background Method Result Conclusions Implications This study investigates the roles of women's empowerment through employment and decision‐making power on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender traditionalism in Muslim‐majority nations.Women empowerment and gender ideology perspectives argue that women's resources or egalitarian ideology decrease the IPV that women experience. Many studies, in various nations, found backlash effects where women were exposed to more IPV.Using Demographic and Health Surveys of Afghanistan 2015 (N = 19,862), Egypt 2014 (N = 6,283), Pakistan 2017–2018 (N = 3,167), and Tajikistan 2017 (N = 4,864) and negative binomial regression analyses, we examined the effects of married women's empowerment on IPV (emotional, physical, sexual, and husbands' controlling behaviors [HCB]).Overall, we found that women's gender traditionalism increased IPV in all nations. Women's empowerment, however, decreased the total IPV associated with gender traditionalism in four nations, but women's employment increased the total IPV in Egypt.We conclude that total IPV and HCB are related to gender traditionalism, but they depend on women's empowerment in some Muslim‐majority nations.Governments might consider making policies that would increase women's knowledge on gender equity and working women's rights, such as including gender quotas in workplaces to empower women. This could lead to a long‐term decrease in attitudes that tolerate IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have made substantial gains in health, education, and political representation in Bangladesh, which has been led by female prime ministers since 1991. Women play a key role in the garment industry, the country's main export sector, and entrepreneurial ventures funded by microcredit loans have also boosted women's empowerment. But entrenched patriarchal norms have pushed back against these changes, limiting women's mobility, their presence in public spaces, their sexuality, and their reproductive choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Health Organization (WHO) is committed to empowering countries by implementing a gender, equity, and human rights approach in the health sector. The objective of this gender and inclusion analysis is to assess potential gender disparities of health sector management in the Kyrgyz Republic. The employed mixed-method approach takes advantage of data triangulation. Besides information from the literature and policy documents available at the international and national levels, the analysis includes interviews and data from the self-assessment of health services managers in the Kyrgyz Republic. A convenience sample of 75 health managers was taken and after up to three reminders a commendable response rate of 80% was achieved which resulted the final sample size of N = 60. A factor analysis using quartimax orthogonal rotation was applied to investigate the correlation between Teaching Qualification, Digitalization, Training Usefulness, Computer Workplace, and Gender Equality. In 2021, the Kyrgyz Republic adopted a new Constitution, which provides a sound legal framework to support gender equality and promote women's empowerment. However, according to a survey, only 42.9% of the respondents felt that equal rights and opportunities were integrated into their job descriptions. Similarly, only 40.7% believed that their institutions' written documents reflected a commitment to equal rights and opportunities for both genders. Two factors were identified as influencing gender equality: (1) personal and (2) technical aspects. Regarding personal aspects, gender equality, teaching qualification, and training usefulness were found to be significant. Regarding technical aspects, the computer workplace was related. In recent years, the Kyrgyz Republic has been developing a culture of gender equality. Political will is essential to promote and make organizational change possible. It is important to create a written mid-term policy that affirms a commitment to gender equality in organizational behavior, structures, staff, and management board compositions. Healthcare institutions need to prepare strategic and operational plans that incorporate gender equality principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite achievements in women's economic and political empowerment, gender inequalities persist in the key socioeconomic areas of health and education in Laos. How can we explain these gaps in equality? We analyze how Lao people perceive gender equality and how differences in the perception of multiple dimensions of gender equality affect women's rights in healthcare and education. The results of a 2023 survey of 664 Laotians highlight the perception of equal responsibilities as the key dimension of gender equality, which may limit the improvement of gender equality in health. The results imply that female leadership and greater public consideration of gender equality with respect to rights and opportunities may promote gender equality in Laos. This study contributes to the study of perceptions and practices of gender equality in non-Western countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Towards a gender perspective in Latin American foreign policy" explores the incorporation of a gender perspective in the foreign policy of Latin American countries. Several countries such as Spain, Mexico, Chile, and Colombia have officially declared having feminist foreign policies, aiming to strengthen women's rights and economic empowerment. The article also analyzes the strategies and structural changes implemented in these countries to achieve a more inclusive and feminist foreign policy. The relevance of incorporating a gender perspective in foreign policy as part of a multilateral approach to address gender inequality is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

The relation between the institutional frameworks and the promotion of gender equality, considering the corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement, has been scarcely analyzed from the experiences of developing economies. We aimed to contribute to fill that gap, bringing to the debate the concepts of emancipation in organizations and support groups. We asked: in which ways, gender equality fostered by initiatives implemented in developing economies by transnational corporations in the form of support groups allow for organizational transformations that strengthen the process of women's emancipation in the corporate world? So, an ethnography was undertaken within a transnational company of the financial sector that operates in Brazil. The results show that these initiatives can only lead to organizational transformations that strengthen women's empowerment if they are inscribed in an institutional framework that guarantees the participation of multiple actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses discussions of gender equality, women's empowerment, and women's rights in the United Nations Committee for World Food Security (CFS). This article analyses how gender inequality has been understood and addressed by different constituencies in the reformed CFS and finds that there has been a push to challenge empowerment discourses by instead emphasizing women's rights. These efforts to advance women's rights in the context of food security and nutrition includes calling for attention to systemic economic, political and cultural inequalities and a repoliticization of gender inequality. This article highlights these debates about gender inequality, reflects on the broader implications for food system governance, and poses new questions for feminist scholars of international relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the legal and economic dimension of female empowerment. The 2030 Agenda of the United Nations for for Sustainable Development Goals established as one of its goals the empowerment of girls and women in the pursuit of gender equality. In this context, it is necessary to carefully examine how the legal dimension of this empowerment takes place, both within the scope of legislation and the role of the Judiciary. From an economic point of view, it is necessary to study the social, political and labor aspects of women's rights, as well as the role of the company in the search for equality between men and women. For this purpose, the deductive method and bibliographic research are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CCP's commitment to gender equality since 1921 has produced vast gains in employment and education for countless women while overlooking established gender hierarchies in family life. Long-term research in Beijing reveals that crossing class, sectoral and generational differences, there is an apparent paradox between women's increasing access to education and employment and their abiding attachment to ideas and practices associated with their roles as wives, mothers and daughters-in-law. A reconfigured "patchy" form of patriarchy is sustained by a dominant discourse of gender difference that naturalizes women's association with the domestic sphere. Unprecedented engagements with international feminism after 1995 introduced new approaches to gender equality. Recently, young feminists from diverse backgrounds have launched public protests targeting expectations of women in marriage and family life, marking a contestation of previous articulations of gender equality. Online platforms are flooded with exchanges about women's empowerment in a market environment that grants them considerable leverage to manage their marital and domestic relationships. The focus of this new generation of feminists on social reproduction signifies a radical departure from the classical Marxist principles underpinning earlier approaches to women's emancipation. Nevertheless, a "patchy patriarchy" continues to characterize widely held gender assumptions and expectations, spanning class and sectoral difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an irregular migration issue between Turkey and the European Union (EU) since almost the year 2010. This issue has turned into a "crisis" as a result of the rapid increase in illegal entries from Turkey to the EU countries. The geographical location of Turkey has led to becoming a transit country towards the EU countries for migrants. This situation has led to massive migration flows that almost no country has encountered to Turkey in the last decade. Most of the migrants with different statuses in Turkey, especially those coming from Syria, consist of women and children. This situation requires a gender perspective to deal with irregular migration entirely. The measures taken by the United Nations and the EU in this regard are insufficient due to the number and the density of migrants in some regions of Turkey. The Republic of Turkey has tried to manage this sudden and irregular migration, besides, it has coped with heavy fiscal and social burdens. The Facility for Refugees in Turkey (FRIT) has been developed and put into practice within the context of the financial assistance programs and projects between Turkey and the EU. This study examines the elements of the gender perspective and the positive and negative aspects of implementation within the framework of the FRIT. The results show that more efforts are needed within the scope of the FRIT on "supporting, protecting and ensuring the human rights of women and girls, gender equality and empowerment of women and girls". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though equality has been described as a simple concept, its meanings and principles have not been properly understood by the public. Similar treatment might not have a value of neutrality because, once the right to equality is related to and enforced by laws, its objectivity and impartiality can be challenged. The Malaysian government is making progress towards a safer and more equal environment for women and girls following the proposed new or amended legislation. These includes the anti-stalking law, the Sexual Harassment Act, and ending child marriage. Furthermore, the establishment of a Select Committee on Rights and Gender Equality in Parliament have been considered as a good step forward for equality. Indeed, implementation of policies such as childcare facilities in government offices as well as encouraging the private sector to follow suit are good moves towards creating more opportunities and encouraging the participation of women in the workforce. This paper explores the conceptual understanding of ‘equality’ globally and from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence. This reflection is in line with Islamic belief that needs to reform the understanding of society based on the suggestion of Al-Quran and Islamic scholars. With this interpretation, this paper will explore Malaysia’s progress in empowering women and gender equality. Finally, this paper will suggest a way forward for Malaysia to empower women that have been marginalized and subordinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual and reproductive health interventions in sub-Saharan Africa will be most effective if grounded in emic (insider) perspectives of gender and power in intimate relationships. We conducted eight focus group discussions with 62 young adults in Malawi to explore conceptions of gender and power relations and areas of tension between different perspectives. We framed our enquiry according to the three social structures of the Theory of Gender and Power: the sexual division of labour, the sexual division of power, and social norms and affective attachments around femininity and masculinity. Young adults drew on interrelated and competing narratives to describe the state of gender relations, which we named tradition, unity, and rights. Participants used tradition narratives most frequently to describe patriarchal gender roles, norms and ideals. Some participants challenged this predominant discourse using unity and rights narratives. Unity narratives illustrated how love and couple reciprocity were essential sources of 'power with' as opposed to 'power over'. Rights narratives were more contested than other narratives, with some participants acknowledging that women's rights were important to the family's survival and others viewing women's rights as problematic for gender relations. Gender-responsive interventions should consider the tensions and intersections between multiple narratives on gender and power, including unity as a gender-equitable form of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If nowadays gender equality constitutes an important objective in any democratic society, which seeks to establish equal rights for citizens, the situation was not always so. Analysing the subject from an historical point of view, we can easily ascertain that equality before the law between men and women represents a relatively recent concept. At the beginning of the 19th century, the social status of women was influenced solely by the social stratum from which they originated. Despite the high degree of illiteracy in the female population and ignorance of the rural women, the feminist movements supported by gender associations had sprung up in urban space before WWI and came forward until the end of the 1920s, a period characterized by a unit of thought, by social and national solidarity in the face of a feminist program. Then, during the Communist period, one of the great promises was equality. However, when Marx wrote about social equality and class struggle, he had little to say in regard to gender equality and women's empowerment. On the other hand, Friedrich Engels, in 1884, in his "The woman, family and origin of private property" put more emphasis on the subject, saying that the emancipation of women becomes possible only when they will be able to take part in the social scale production and when domestic duties will occupy only a small part of their time.... Based on these premises, I did a retrospective of women's position in the labour relations legislated in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations has been promoting gender equality and women's rights since 1975, which declared the International Year of Women. Since that year, a number of entities have been established dedicated to the economic development of women UNIFEM, female training and training INSTRAW, and the monitoring of all forms of discrimination against women CEDAW. In addition, they have promoted a series of international summits for women's rights in which member states have made a number of commitments. The last of these summits, in Beijing, developed a Platform for Action highlighting the Importance of promoting and supporting women's political participation at all levels. Since 2011, with the creation of UN Women, all UN efforts and resources for gender equality or women's empowerment are reunited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender responsive budgeting (GRB) aims at raising awareness of the gendered impacts of budget and to make governments accountable for ensuring gender equality and women's rights. Government of Nepal has introduced gender budgeting system in 2007/08 for direct, indirect and neutral benefit to women. This paper examines the effectiveness of GRB implementation at local level. The descriptive technique is used to explain the gender sensitivity of policies, planning and programming and budgeting process of the selected five municipalities in Kathmandu Valley. The analytical technique is used to assess implementation and impacts of gender-focused policy, strategy and plan. The effectiveness of GRB is measured using two models: Integrated Organizational Model (IOM) and CAMELS rating. The results clearly show that mere preparing GRB and strategies does not solve the problem of inequality. Therefore, translating gender mainstreaming into actual action requires re-examination of the policies, programs and planning/budgeting process from a gender perspective. Analysis also shows that due to lack of gender need analysis before planning and allocating gender budget, implementation of GRB program are fully dependent on service provider's strength, interest and capacity to implement women development programs. This has encouraged a kind of ad-hoc system which did not guarantee the immediate benefit to the participants in terms of income generation and employment creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

That societies should be gender-equal is a prevailing normative ideal to which states at the very least pay lip service. The UAE as a highly globalised state that aspires to a superior status has not stood outside of these dynamics. Whereas in the decades since independence in 1971 women's rights were emphasised as a sign of the country's progress, nowadays, the UAE government portrays women's rights as being advanced to such an extent that they are setting up a new gender empowerment benchmark for the Middle Eastern region. Additionally, the UAE has also proclaimed the goal of becoming one of the top 25 gender-equal states in the world by 2021. I suggest that these official proclamations are indicative of a signalling strategy whose aim is to advocate to an international audience that the UAE deserves a status higher than it currently holds. Based on Larson and Svechenko's interpretation of social identity theory, I claim that the UAE's strategy is one of social creativity. It rests on creating a new value - the Emirati standard of gender equality - within the Arab group. The former is operationalised through, on the one hand, 'teaching to the test' tactics in the area of women's political participation, a field that can be easily regulated by the government. And on the other, on overemphasising the professional deeds of a small group of high-achieving women. In the latter case, as the numbers of females in employment are rather low, the government elects to call attention to women in specific and unconventional positions so as to lend greater credence to the existence of their own superior standard of gender equality within the Arab region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the literature examining the relationship between women's empowerment and contraceptive use, unmet need for contraception and related family planning topics in developing countries. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Popline and Web of Science search engines in May 2013 to examine literature published between January 1990 and December 2012. Among the 46 articles included in the review, the majority were conducted in South Asia (n=24). Household decision-making (n=21) and mobility (n=17) were the most commonly examined domains of women's empowerment. Findings show that the relationship between empowerment and family planning is complex, with mixed positive and null associations. Consistently positive associations between empowerment and family planning outcomes were found for most family planning outcomes but those investigations represented fewer than two-fifths of the analyses. Current use of contraception was the most commonly studied family planning outcome, examined in more than half the analyses, but reviewed articles showed inconsistent findings. This review provides the first critical synthesis of the literature and assesses existing evidence between women's empowerment and family planning use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses some central issues for the Post-2015 Development Agenda from a Southern perspective on gender equality and women's human rights. To answer this question, it first examines what lessons can be learned from the decade or so of implementation of the MDGs. The article focuses on two 'meso' challenges: breaking down issue silos, and integration/participation. It argues that progress towards gender equality will depend on whether the larger development framework addresses central issues such as the growing inequality, informalisation and precariousness of work and incomes that have gone hand in hand with the globalisation of the past three decades. Within a framework that tackles head on the causes and consequences of rising global and national inequality, progress on women's rights requires recognition that gender inequality is pervasive across multiple and intersecting issues. Effectively addressing women's needs and rights requires the building of bridges across policy silos through the integration of issues and participation by women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute la situación social mundial de la mujer según el Informe Anual 2012-2013 de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para las Mujeres (ONU Mujeres), con énfasis en el trabajo realizado por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Distrito Federal (CDHDF) de Ciudad de México, México. Algunos temas discutidos incluyen desigualdad de género, empoderamiento de la mujer y liderazgo político femenino.

The article discusses the efforts of several foundations towards women empowerment and gender inequality . Topics included Syrian NGO Badael Foundation interviewing women activists to study their experiences, Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) investigating the human rights violation cases, and website page on women's rights by software company Thomson Reuters.