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The heart and soul of the Chinese people and the greatest cultural soft power of contemporary China are excellent Chinese healthy cultural environments. Short video platforms and short videos have a chance to develop as the Internet revolution continues to intensify and mobile clients gain popularity. This essay examines the challenges involved in producing brief videos that promote a healthy cultural environment in the new context of internet plus, as well as the means of transmitting such videos and creative methods for doing so. Excellent communication content is created in this paper from two perspectives of visual presentation and in-depth meaning, allowing users to fully understand the connotation of a healthy cultural environment. Through the theme of a healthy cultural environment, topic discussion and characteristic activities will be carried out to encourage users' spontaneous sharing of the interactive behavior of communication and the fission communication of brief videos of a healthy environment. This paper develops a model for intelligent recommendation and short video content analysis based on this. In order to further encourage the creative dissemination and development of short videos about healthy cultural environments, the model is used to choose high-quality videos and accurately recommend them to the appropriate users and to serve as an example of how a quick video can be used to communicate innovation and a healthy cultural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water environment is one of the basic elements that constitute the environment. It is an important place for the survival and development of human society, and it is also the most seriously disturbed and damaged area by humans. The pollution and destruction of water environment has become one of the major environmental problems in the world today. The essence of urban water space landscape design under the concept of integrating people's ecological design is the ecological landscape design of urban water spaces, while the development of ecological landscape design in the field of urban water space landscape design is still in its infancy, and the interpretation of its concept is also different. The ecological design of the landscape reflects a new dream of human beings, a new aesthetics and value: the true cooperative and fraternal relationship between man and nature. At present, the ecological design of urban water space landscape has not put forward a more accurate concept, clear principles and standards, and a complete and systematic theoretical basis, which requires further research, discussion, and continuous practice by this generation of designers to improve it. To this end, this paper proposed a research method on the integration of water environment governance in urban and rural spaces with natural ecological landscape design. This paper mainly talked about the status quo of water environment and its network sensor algorithm research and analyzed its coverage area one by one. Then, the water quality extraction is introduced in detail. And finally, the data analysis of the Beijing river waters, the analyzer rainfall, water quality, and so on are carried out in the experimental part. It could be seen from the experimental results that there were currently 22 reclaimed water plants in six urban areas of Beijing, with a daily water treatment capacity of 4.08 million cubic meters and a sewage treatment rate of 98%. As of 2016, 440 million cubic meters of reclaimed water has been reused. With the commissioning of the new reclaimed water system, the proportion of reclaimed water in the river and lake environment will continue to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yan'an is one of the "two holy places" of the Chinese nation and the Chinese revolution and is one of the first cities of historical and cultural significance and an outstanding tourist city in China, as announced by the state council. The evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental conservation is one of the very important elements of the conservation of Yan'an's architectural heritage. However, the existing evaluation methods cannot provide new solutions for decision-making, the meaning of the comprehensive evaluation function is unclear, the naming clarity is low, there is less quantitative data and more qualitative components, and the results are not easily convincing. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the practical effects of environmental class measures in the conservation of Yan'an's architectural heritage based on recurrent neural networks. The recurrent neural network makes full use of the memory function in the network, considers the causal relationship of the actual effect, and efficiently evaluates the existing measures. In comparison with factor analysis and hierarchical analysis, this paper has greater applicability in evaluating the practical effects of environmental measures in the conservation of Yan'an's architectural heritage and is basically consistent with the results of the theoretical analysis. It provides a scientific basis for the construction and implementation of environmental measures for the architectural heritage of Yan'an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Are there temporal trends of sperm concentration (SC) and total sperm count (TSC) in Chinese healthy males from 1981 to 2019?Summary Answer: Our result indicated a temporal decrease in SC and TSC among 327 373 healthy Chinese men in the recent four decades.What Is Known Already: A review of 61 papers reported a temporal decline in SC and TSC from 1938 to 1990. This trend was later confirmed by a systematic review of 185 published papers from 1981 to 2013. However, the majority of the included individuals were from western countries. In China, whether SC and TSC have declined remains controversial.Study Design, Size, Duration: This systematic review of published articles used data extracted from Pubmed, Science Direct, Embase, China-National-Knowledge-Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data to assess changes in SC and TSC in China from 1981 to 2019.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: A total of 111 studies including 327 373 individuals who provided semen samples from 1981 to 2019 were extracted for the present analysis. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers. The trends in SC and TSC were analysed using liner-regression and meta-regression before and after adjusting for potential covariates. Moreover, subgroups, categorised based on geographic region, fertility status or recruitment source, were also analysed.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: SC declined significantly (slope liner-regression = -0.748 million/ml/year; P = 0.005; slope meta-regression = -0.824 million/ml/year; P < 0.001) between 1981 and 2019 in China. Trends for TSC was similar to that for SC (slope liner-regression = -2.073 million/year; P = 0.032; slope meta-regression = -2.188 million/year; P = 0.003). In subgroup meta-regression analyses, males with definite fertility had continuous declines in SC (slope northern group=-2.268, P = 0.009; slope southern group=-1.014, P = 0.009) and TSC (slope northern group=-9.675, P = 0.010; slope southern group=-3.215, P = 0.042). However, in the unselected group, where fertility status was unknown, the obvious downward trend in SC was only seen in males from Northern regions (slope = -0.836, P = 0.003). Another subgroup analysis demonstrated that obvious decreases in SC (slope = -1.432, P < 0.001) and TSC (slope=-4.315, P = 0.001) were only seen in volunteer groups but not in pre-pregnancy examination groups and other recruitment groups. The results changed minimally in multiple sensitivity analyses.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The validity of the meta-analysis results was limited mainly by the quality of the included studies. Additionally, our study spanned many decades and the recommended criteria for some semen parameter assessments have significantly changed, which may bring about some unavoidable bias. Moreover, the data remain insufficient especially in some provinces of China.Wider Implications Of the Findings: The present study is the first study to report significant decreases in SC and TSC in 327 373 healthy Chinese men between 1981 and 2019, indicating a serious reproductive health warning. Further studies on the causes of the declines are urgently needed.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): D.Z. is supported by the National Natural Science Funding of China, Natural Science Funding of Shaanxi Province, Science Funding of Health Department, Shaanxi Province, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University and the Project of Independent Innovative Experiment for Postgraduates in Medicine in Xi'an Jiaotong University. The authors have no conflicts of interests to declare.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the psychometric properties of Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI:SR) in students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and without disabilities in China. The paper-and-pencil version of SDI:SR Chinese Translation (SDI:SR Chinese) was used to explore self-determination across students with IDD (n = 245) and students without disabilities (n = 315) from 16 schools across six cities in China. We examined the factor structure of the measure, conducted analysis of measurement invariance, and compared the latent means across students with IDD and without disabilities. Findings suggest that the data fit a one-factor model better than a three-factor model. We found greater variability in self-determination among students with IDD than students without disabilities. However, the two groups did not differ in latent means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Standardized coding of plays an important role in radiology reports' secondary use such as data analytics, data-driven decision support, and personalized medicine. RadLex, a standard radiological lexicon, can reduce subjective variability and improve clarity in radiology reports. RadLex coding of radiology reports is widely used in many countries, but translation and localization of RadLex in China are far from being established. Although automatic RadLex coding is a common way for non-standard radiology reports, the high-accuracy cross-language RadLex coding is hardly achieved due to the limitation of up-to-date auto-translation and text similarity algorithms and still requires further research.Methods: We present an effective approach that combines a hybrid translation and a Multilayer Perceptron weighting text similarity ensemble algorithm for automatic RadLex coding of Chinese structured radiology reports. Firstly, a hybrid way to integrate Google neural machine translation and dictionary translation helps to optimize the translation of Chinese radiology phrases to English. The dictionary is made up of 21,863 Chinese-English radiological term pairs extracted from several free medical dictionaries. Secondly, four typical text similarity algorithms are introduced, which are Levenshtein distance, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Word2vec Continuous bag-of-words model, and WordNet Wup similarity algorithms. Lastly, the Multilayer Perceptron model has been used to synthesize the contextual, lexical, character and syntactical information of four text similarity algorithms to promote precision, in which four similarity scores of two terms are taken as input and the output presents whether the two terms are synonyms.Results: The results show the effectiveness of the approach with an F1-score of 90.15%, a precision of 91.78% and a recall of 88.59%. The hybrid translation algorithm has no negative effect on the final coding, F1-score has increased by 21.44% and 8.12% compared with the GNMT algorithm and dictionary translation. Compared with the single similarity, the result of the MLP weighting similarity algorithm is satisfactory that has a 4.48% increase compared with the best single similarity algorithm, WordNet Wup.Conclusions: The paper proposed an innovative automatic cross-language RadLex coding approach to solve the standardization of Chinese structured radiology reports, that can be taken as a reference to automatic cross-language coding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most studies of associations between parental support behaviours for physical activity (PA) and children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been conducted in developed countries, and they have focused on maternal or parental support behaviours. Children's MVPA time (i.e., weekdays vs. weekends) has not been adequately differentiated. This paper investigated the associations of paternal and maternal support behaviours for PA with the proportion of children who met the MVPA recommendations on weekdays and weekends in China.Methods: Cross-sectional data of 517 father-child dyads and 1422 mother-child dyads were analysed. The children recorded PA diaries on 7 consecutive days to assess their MVPA time. The father or mother completed a questionnaire concerning their support for children's PA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the independent effects of paternal and maternal support behaviours for PA on whether children met the MVPA recommendations for weekdays, weekends, and the whole week.Results: Significantly fewer children met the MVPA recommendations on weekends (37.8%) than on weekdays (62.8%). Higher paternal (odds ratio [OR] = 1.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009-1.195) and maternal (OR = 1.076, 95% CI: 1.021-1.134) total support behaviour scores were associated with higher odds of children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekends, after controlling for covariates. Paternal PA knowledge-sharing with the child was positively associated with children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekends (OR = 1.319, 95% CI: 1.055-1.649); it tended to be associated with children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekdays and throughout the week, although these associations were not statistically significant. Maternal reservation of PA time for the child was positively associated with a higher likelihood of children meeting the MVPA recommendations on weekdays (OR = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.025-1.313), weekends (OR = 1.241, 95% CI: 1.097-1.403), and throughout the week (OR = 1.214, 95% CI: 1.076-1.369).Conclusions: Paternal and maternal support behaviours for PA should be enhanced on weekends to increase children's MVPA. Fathers should share PA knowledge with children and mothers should reserve PA time for children every day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose a multi-criteria decision-making approach, combining the 'analytic hierarchy process' (AHP) and 'technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution' (Topsis) for the quantitative assessment of airport service quality so as to increase the objectivity and reliability of the results. The criteria hierarchy with quantitative indicators is established to make up for the deficiencies of previous evaluation criteria. Some of these indicators are improvements to the qualitative indicators that are commonly mentioned, and some have been only rarely taken into account in previous research studies or evaluation activities, but are also very important. An empirical study for evaluating the service quality of four major international airports in China is presented to illustrate the superiority and rationality of the criteria system and method. This comprehensive method not only helps to obtain the overall ratings of the airports, as well as the specific weaknesses and advantages in particular service items, but also improves the efficiency and increases the credibility and objectivity of the results. Finally, some interesting conclusions are obtained and some targeted measures are offered to the four airports for improvement of the service level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has launched a series of talent-recruitment policies in the last years, in order to attract back Chinese nationals who stayed abroad. Yet, little is known about the effect of such policies. This paper examines whether researchers recruited in one of the Chinese flagship talent-recruitment policies—the 'Young Thousand Talents' policy (Y1000T)—had, in the following years after recruitment, better research performance. We compare these recipients against other Chinese nationals who got PhDs in equally prestigious non-Chinese universities but continued to work abroad (mostly in the USA). Results of difference-in-differences regressions show that returning to China has an effect of positioning returnees both at the bottom and at the very summit of the distribution of quality of publications. Nevertheless, some Y1000T researchers seem to have prioritized the quantity of outputs, arguably to the detriment of quality. This is probably due to certain research evaluation criteria in place until recent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Text Matching (TM) is a fundamental task of natural language processing widely used in many application systems such as information retrieval, automatic question answering, machine translation, dialogue system, reading comprehension, etc. In recent years, a large number of deep learning neural networks have been applied to TM, and have refreshed benchmarks of TM repeatedly. Among the deep learning neural networks, convolutional neural network (CNN) is one of the most popular networks, which suffers from difficulties in dealing with small samples and keeping relative structures of features. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning architecture based on capsule network for TM, called CapsTM, where capsule network is a new type of neural network architecture proposed to address some of the short comings of CNN and shows great potential in many tasks.Methods: CapsTM is a five-layer neural network, including an input layer, a representation layer, an aggregation layer, a capsule layer and a prediction layer. In CapsTM, two pieces of text are first individually converted into sequences of embeddings and are further transformed by a highway network in the input layer. Then, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) is used to represent each piece of text and attention-based interaction matrix is used to represent interactive information of the two pieces of text in the representation layer. Subsequently, the two kinds of representations are fused together by BiLSTM in the aggregation layer, and are further represented with capsules (vectors) in the capsule layer. Finally, the prediction layer is a connected network used for classification. CapsTM is an extension of ESIM by adding a capsule layer before the prediction layer.Results: We construct a corpus of Chinese medical question matching, which contains 36,360 question pairs. This corpus is randomly split into three parts: a training set of 32,360 question pairs, a development set of 2000 question pairs and a test set of 2000 question pairs. On this corpus, we conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the proposed CapsTM and compare it with other state-of-the-art methods. CapsTM achieves the highest F-score of 0.8666.Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that CapsTM is effective for Chinese medical question matching and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods for comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The strategy of successful ageing is an important means to deal with the challenges of the current ageing society. This paper aims to explore the effects of different intensities of physical activity on the successful ageing of the elderly.Methods: Our data were from wave 4 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), involving 9026 residents aged 60 years and older. The intensity of physical activity was divided into three levels: vigorous, moderate and mild. The concept of successful ageing adopted a four-dimensional model of life satisfaction added to the theoretical model of Rowe and Kahn's. Propensity score matching (PSM) with controlling nine confounding factors were used to analyse the effects of different intensities of physical activity.Results: The percentage of successful ageing was 1.88% among all subjects. Among them, 30.26, 29.57 and 29.40% of the elderly often participated in vigorous, moderate and mild physical activity, respectively. The results of PSM showed that participation in moderate activity increased the probability of successful ageing of the elderly by 0.76-0.78% (P < 0.001), while participation in vigorous and mild physical activity had no significant effect on successful ageing (P > 0.05). Moderate physical activity had statistically significant effects on four components of successful aging, including major disease, physical function, life satisfaction, and social participation (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Moderate-intensity physical activity was most beneficial to the successful ageing of the elderly and should be promoted in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To predict the trend of AIDS in specific age groups and to determine the objective population for AIDS screening, this study explored the three transmission routes and characterized each patient group using the APC model based on the whole, local, and immigrant populations in Zhejiang, China.Methods: The data recruited in this paper was obtained from the national Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System - Antiviral Therapy Management database and the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Statistical Yearbook of Zhejiang, China. An APC model was used to estimate the impact of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of AIDS, as well as to predict the AIDS incidence in specific age groups based on different sexes with different transmission routes.Results: The AIDS incidence peaked in males aged 20-35 years; the incidence of males was higher than that of females due to the impact of period; obvious cohort effect was observed among the immigrants. In the whole and local populations, the incidences of males in all age groups and females in both the 35-year-old group and the whole age group were predicted to increase sharply in 5 years. In the immigrant population, the AIDS incidences in both sexes in all age groups were expected to increase significantly in 5 years. Under the influence of period, the incidence of AIDS via homosexual transmission in the whole population and the local population increased and remained stable after 2015. At the same time, the incidence of AIDS transmitted by homosexual and heterosexual routes in the immigrants also showed an increasing trend.Conclusions: The results elucidate that there are sex differences in AIDS incidence, and the incidence of AIDS through various transmission routes in all groups is predicted to exhibit an upward trend in the 5 years to come. Effective intervention strategies should be developed and implemented by the public health departments in Zhejiang to control the epidemic of AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood maltreatment are well-established risk factors for adolescent psychopathology. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) known protective factors. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated childhood maltreatment and PCEs in the context of longitudinal study. The aim of this paper was to assess the buffering effect of PCEs in adolescence in the association between chronic childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms in adolescence.Methods: Data were from an ongoing longitudinal study with 2288 children aged 8.15 y at baseline who were recruited from 3 large elementary schools in China. Participants were followed up for four waves across 6 years. The associations between re-victimization and poly-victimization with adolescent psychopathological symptoms across different PCEs contexts were explored.Results: Poly-victimization was highly predictive of depressive symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. PCEs may mitigate the negative effect of chronic childhood maltreatment on adolescent psychopathology in a dose-response manner. For adolescents with 4-5 PCEs, psychopathological symptoms score decreased significantly and showed similar level with those low/no-victimization comparison peers. While experiencing multiple PCEs does decrease the risk of psychopathological symptoms, certain PCEs, such as parental warmth and peer support, appear to entailed protective effect on all the three psychopathological symptoms.Limitations: It is not clear whether the patterns of effects would vary across developmental periods.Conclusions: A focus of interventions should be not only on ameliorating childhood maltreatment, but also on expanding the availability of social support related PCEs, which may help inform suitable strategies for providing intervention and support to best help reduce the psychopathology burden for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Is it possible to evaluate the methylome of individual oocytes to investigate the DNA methylome alterations in metaphase II (MII) oocytes with reduced embryo developmental potential?Summary Answer: The DNA methylome of each human first polar body (PB1) closely mirrored that of its sibling MII oocyte; hypermethylated long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) and long terminal repeats (LTRs) and methylation aberrations in PB1 promoter regions may indicate poor embryo development.What Is Known Already: The developmental potential of an embryo is determined by the oocyte's developmental competence, and the PB1 is a good substitute to examine the chromosomal status of the corresponding oocyte. However, DNA methylation, a key epigenetic modification, also regulates gene expression and embryo development.Study Design, Size, Duration: Twelve pairs of PB1s and sibling MII oocytes were biopsied and sequenced to compare their methylomes. To further investigate the methylome of PB1s and the potential epigenetic factors that may affect oocyte quality, MII oocytes (n = 74) were fertilized through ICSI, while PB1s were biopsied and profiled to measure DNA methylation. The corresponding embryos were further cultured to track their development potential. The oocytes and sperm samples used in this study were donated by healthy volunteers with signed informed consent.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Single-cell methylome sequencing was applied to obtain the DNA methylation profiles of PB1s and oocytes. The DNA methylome of PB1s was compared between the respective group of oocytes that progressed to blastocysts and the group of oocytes that failed to develop. DNA methylation levels of corresponding regions and differentially methylated regions were calculated using customized Perl and R scripts. RNA-seq data were downloaded from a previously published paper and reanalysed.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: The results from PB1-MII oocyte pair validated that PB1 contains nearly the same methylome (average Pearson correlation is 0.92) with sibling MII oocyte. LINE and LTR expression increased markedly after fertilization. Moreover, the DNA methylation levels in LINE (including LINE1 and LINE2) and LTR were significantly higher in the PB1s of embryos that could not reach the blastocyst stage (Wilcoxon-Matt-Whitney test, P < 0.05). DNA methylation in PB1 promoters correlated negatively with gene expression of MII oocyte. Regarding the methylation status of the promoter regions, 66 genes were hypermethylated in the developmental arrested group, with their related functions (significantly enriched in several Gene Ontology terms) including transcription, positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and intracellular oestrogen receptor signalling pathway.Large Scale Data: N/A.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Data analysis performed in this study focused on the competence of human oocytes and compared them with maternal genetic and epigenetic profiles. Therefore, data regarding the potential regulatory roles of paternal genomes in embryo development are lacking.Wider Implications Of the Findings: The results from PB1-oocyte pairs demonstrated that PB1s shared similar methylomes with their sibling oocytes. The selection of the good embryos for transfer should not only rely on morphology but also consider the DNA methylation of the corresponding PB1 and therefore MII oocyte. The application of early-stage analysis of PB1 offers an option for high-quality oocyte and embryo selection, which provides an additional tool for elective single embryo transfer in assisted reproduction.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1004003, 2017YFA0103801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730038, 3187144, 81521002) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16020703). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of reference and information service has been redefined in some Chinese university libraries. In these libraries the focus of reference and information service has transformed into information analysis. University libraries have been a participant in the management and evaluation in scientific research, technological innovation, and discipline construction. The information analysis service of Zhejiang University Library is a typical case. Zhejiang University library established an information analysis group in 2009 in reference and information service division. To further guarantee the professionalism of service, the information analysis service center was set up in 2018 as a separate division. Over the past decade, information analysis service has played the potential of library in supporting decision-making, scientific research and innovation, discipline construction, research performance evaluation, etc. Information analysis service makes the popularity and status of the university library improve continuously. The evolution of information analysis service of Zhejiang University Library is reviewed in this paper, from the initial stage to the expansion stage, and then to the establishment of professional division. Approaches to promote the progress of information analysis service are summarized. The future goals are also discussed from the perspectives of strengthening the innovation mind-set, librarian development, and information analysis literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though visual impairment is a strong predictor for late-life depression, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This paper investigated the contribution of material, psychosocial and behavioural pathways in mediating a vision-depression association.Methods: The study used cross-sectional data from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), including 11,531 older Chinese adults. Depression was assessed based on an adaptation of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Causal mediation analyses using inverse odds ratio weighting (IORW) approach were conducted to assess the mediating roles of material (wealth quintiles and perceived income inadequacy), behavioural (leisure activity, BMI and sleep) and psychosocial factors (social participation, trust and sense of safety).Results: The participants with visual impairment had a 43% higher odds of depression than those with normal vision. In the mediation analysis, the material pathway contributed the most to the total effect, accounting for 31.7% of it. The proportion of the total effect which was mediated by psychosocial and behavioural factors was 24.2% and 22.5% respectively. When these three mediators were considered together in the full model, they accounted for 43.5% of the total effect of visual impairment on depression.Limitations: There still existed unexamined mediating factors. The cross-sectional study design might restrict temporal sequence.Conclusion: Visually-impaired population as high-risk group should be provided better access to screening, diagnosis and treatment of depression. Material, behavioural and psychosocial factors may serve as relevant points of entry for developing intervention programmes to improve the mental health conditions of visually-impaired people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rapidly urbanizing communities in middle-income countries could be sources of vaccine hesitancy, and may create hot spots of low vaccination coverage. This study characterizes vaccine hesitancy in Shanghai and identifies disparities in vaccine safety and efficacy concerns by residency status-a marker for recent migration into the city.Methods: Parents of children aged ≤18 years from immunization clinics in Shanghai were enrolled in summer 2019, with the data analyzed during winter 2019-2020. The paper questionnaire used the Parental Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccines scale, which included questions about vaccine safety and efficacy concerns. The primary independent variable was residency-whether an individual was a Shanghai local or a recent migrant (i.e., non-local). Linear regression models assessed the relationship between residency and vaccine safety and efficacy concerns.Results: Among 1,021 participants, 65.4% had local residency, and the remainder were urban non-locals (13.1%) or rural non-locals (21.5%). A majority of parents expressed concerns about vaccine side effects (73.8%), vaccine safety (63.9%), and vaccine effectiveness (52.4%). Compared with locals, rural non-locals were more concerned about vaccine side effects (β=0.26, 95% CI=0.07, 0.46), vaccine safety (β=0.42, 95% CI=0.19, 0.65), and vaccine effectiveness (β=0.37, 95% CI=0.16, 0.58).Conclusions: Differences in vaccine hesitancy by residency could lead to geographical and sociodemographic disparities in vaccination coverage and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease.Supplement Information: This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace injuries are a serious public health problem, potentially leading to loss of earnings, medical expenses, disability and even death for working people. Maritime transport workers - seafarers - are exposed to higher risks of workplace injuries than is the general land-based workforce. China has the world's largest population of international seafarers. Under Chinese law, as elsewhere, losses from workplace accidents are compensated in the form of financial entitlements. However, Chinese seafarers face tremendous challenges in the workers' compensation claim process. This paper investigates the experiences of Chinese seafarers in claiming this compensation, in order to assess the protective capacity of Chinese workers' compensation, known as the Work-Related Injury Insurance System. Drawing on therapeutic jurisprudence, it explores the anti-therapeutic effects that Chinese seafarers confront in the claims process. Based on an analysis of regulatory documents and interview data with the informants - including seafarers, their family members and managerial professionals in the shipping industry - the findings suggest that current work-related injury insurance is unable to provide sufficient assistance for Chinese seafarers. Instead of obtaining effective therapeutic remedies following accidental trauma, Chinese seafarers (and their families) are indeed likely to suffer additional harm in the process of claiming compensation. The paper suggests that further measures should be adopted to improve work-related injury insurance coverage among seafarers, and that efficient sanctions should be strengthened against infringements of seafarers' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical practice in China, giving and taking "red envelopes" (monetary gifts) is a common phenomenon although few openly admit it. This paper, based on our empirical study including data collected from interviews and questionnaires with medical professionals and patients, attempts to explore why "red envelopes" have become a serious problem in the physician-patient relationship and how the situation can be improved. Previous studies show that scholars tend to correlate the spread of "red envelopes" in health care sector to the commercialization trend, the general erosion of traditional values, and the lowering of the moral level in the medical field. However, in this paper, the authors argue that medical professionals' choice of taking "red envelopes" is actually more a way to compensate for their problematic self-image and marred dignity in real practice. Medical professionals in China as a whole are in an embarrassing situation where the work pressure and income, and the sense of pride that used to be part of their profession are not comparable to each other. Under this circumstance, we believe that the effective way to deal with the "red envelopes" issue does not lie solely in introducing more stringent regulations or granting medical professionals higher payments, but rather in protecting and enhancing the professional dignity of all those working in healthcare. And on top of that, there must also be effort to cultivate a more favorable moral environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum anxiety (PPA) and postpartum depression (PPD) are associated with immediate and long-term health risks for both mothers and babies. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate relationships between sociodemographic, perinatal variables, and PPA and PPD symptoms of parturients 6 weeks postpartum.Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 1204 women who had a healthy and term birth in a baby-friendly hospital, Shanghai, China. PPA and PPD symptoms were measured by using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).Results: The mean score of SAS and EPDS was 40.79 ± 8.48 and 8.18 ± 5.80, respectively. The estimated prevalence of PPA and PPD symptoms was 15.2% and 23.2%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of fatigue and PPD symptoms were risk factors for PPA symptoms, whereas having support from family and being satisfied with labor experience were protective factors. In terms of PPD symptoms, its risk factors included smoking before pregnancy, maternal separation from baby, fatigue, encountering difficulties in breastfeeding, and the presence of PPA symptoms. In contrast, the protective factors for PPD symptoms were having support from family and having support from colleagues or friends.Limitations: Convenience sampling and voluntary participation may have led to a selection bias.Conclusion: PPA and PPD symptoms occur commonly among parturients in Shanghai, China. The findings from this research provide a better understanding of factors associated with PPA and PPD symptoms and will help guide personalized approaches to the management of postpartum anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To validate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the THINC-it tool in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods: Subjects aged 18 to 65 years (n=117) with MDD were evaluated and compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=124). Subjects completed the THINC-it, four criteria-related objective cognitive subtests, and the paper version of Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5-item (PDQ-5-D).Results: There were significant differences in Spotter [Mean difference (MD) Standard errors (SE)=-0.40 (0.17), P=0.018; 95% Confidence intervals (CI) (-0.73 to -0.07)]; Codebreaker [MD (SE)=-0.39 (0.14), P=0.006; 95% CI(-0.67 to -0.11)]; and the overall performance of four objective tests (including variants of IDN, OBK, DSST, and TMT-B) [MD (SE)=-0.30 (0.12), P=0.013; 95% CI (-0.53 to -0.06]) between the two groups. In the HC group, PDQ-5-D retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.841), and the test-retest reliability of the objective cognitive test was relatively low (ICC ranging from 0.123 to 0.545). In the MDD group: Cronbach's α of PDQ-5-D=0.704; all the THINC-it subtests had good concurrent validity (r ranging from 0.343 to 0.835, all P<0.01).Limitation: The test-retest sample size was relatively small, the educational level and IQ of the control and MDD groups were not completely matched.Conclusion: The Chinese version of the THINC-it tool exhibits good reliability and validity in adults with MDD. There is a need to incorporate cognitive assessment of adults with MDD broadly. The THINC-it tool is the first tool validated to assess cognition of MDD in a Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The social Q&A community quickly becomes a popular platform for consumers to find health information because of its convenience and interactivity.Methods: Based on the 10,861 depression questions collected in the Zhihu, the largest Q&A platform in China, we divided the healthy information needs description into nine categories with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We also divided the healthy information needs type into Physiological, affective and cognitive needs based on the Wilson model.Results: The results show that the largest categories are depression symptom and social activities while the less concerned health information is prevention and medical insurance. More attention is paid to cognitive needs. We also find there is no strong correlation between attention and needs type.Conclusions: The purpose of this paper is to refine the consumer health information needs types to better understand the consumer health information characteristic in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have demonstrated the benefits of the addition of growth hormone (GH) to the controlled ovarian stimulation protocol in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in poor-respond patients, but the effect of GH on patients with poor embryonic development remain unclear. This paper was designed to investigate the efficacy of GH co-treatment during IVF for the patients with poor embryonic development.Method: A randomized controlled trial including 158 patients with poor embryo development was conducted between July 2017 and February 2019. One hundred and seven patients were randomized for GH treatment (GH group) and 51 patients for untreated (control group). The primary end-points were the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in the two groups. The oocyte competence were assessed through calculating the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in corresponding cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs). Quantitative PCR were used for calculation of mtDNA copy number.Results: Relative to the control group, GH co-treatment resulted in a significantly higher number of retrieved oocytes (10.29 ± 5.92 versus 8.16 ± 4.17, P = 0.023) and cleaved embryos (6.73 ± 4.25 versus 5.29 ± 3.23, P = 0.036). The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rates per cycle, and live birth rate per cycle were higher in the GH group than in the control group (36.00% versus 17.86%, P = 0.005; 43.93% versus 19.61%, P = 0.005; 41.12% versus 17.65%, P = 0.006). CGCs of the GH group had significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers than CGCs of the control group (252 versus 204, P < 0.001).Conclusions: These data provided further evidence to indicate that GH supplementation may support more live births during IVF, in patients with poor embryonic development. It also appears that oocytes generated under GH co-treatment have a better developmental competence.Trial Registration: ChiCTR1900021992 posted March 19, 2019 (retrospectively registered). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China has entered a new economic age, with the government leading economic transformation. Many laborers, such as rural laborers and migrant workers, have developed serious mental health issues. These issues, such as depression, are a significant obstacle to sustainable development in China.Methods: We use data from the 2016 China Family Panel Survey, a survey that collected data from a large and nationally representative sample of the Chinese population, to construct a sample of 18,300 laborers from 25 provinces, and then use statistical analysis to gain insight into the prevalence of depression among laborers.Results: The distribution of depression varies among laborers. Specifically, we find that the prevalence of depression is significantly lower in the population of urban laborers than in migrant laborers or rural laborers. Our results also show that laborers who are women, divorced, widowed, ethnic minorities, low income, low education, long work experience, or who lack medical insurance are more likely to be depressed than other laborers are.Limitations: Our research has several weaknesses. First, the CFPS dataset only used self-diagnosed depressive symptoms, which limited us to examining depressive symptoms, rather than medical diagnoses. Also, this paper was unable to explore the causal relationship between depression and other factors. Future research examining the causality between depression and other factors in China is necessary.Conclusion: We propose that there is correspondingly high prevalence of depression among laborers in rural areas compared to urban areas in China. This study can help government leaders make targeted programs for depressed adults in the future, especially those who are members of marginalized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To characterize the clinical and genetic characteristics of a large cohort of patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE).Method: We retrospectively collected clinical and genetic information of 33 (15 males, 18 females; mean [SD] age 4y 11mo [2y 5mo]; 1y 3mo-10y 4mo) patients with PDE from 31 unrelated families at a single centre.Results: There were many types of seizures, with focal seizures in 32 cases. Dravet syndrome was suspected clinically in two patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was normal in seven patients at the initial stage and then in 17 patients during pyridoxine maintenance therapy. Genetic studies revealed 26 kinds of variants in ALDH7A1 and four in PLPBP with 18 variants unreported previously, and 48 ALDH7A1 variants were located in exon 11, 12, 14, and 17 or intron 9 and 11. In addition, three patients carried different exons deletion. Among these, seizures could be controlled for several years in one patient by levetiracetam monotherapy. Another patient remained seizure free for up to 7 months without therapy. All patients received oral pyridoxine treatment, with only one case (with exon 8-13 deletion) showing poor control.Interpretation: This study illustrates the range of clinical presentations and genetic causes in PDE, as well as responsiveness to antiepileptic drugs. A relationship between EEG and pyridoxine therapy could be seen in many cases. Seizure control was seen in all with pyridoxine monotherapy except for one patient.What This Paper Adds: There is a parallel relationship between electroencephalogram and pyridoxine therapy in many patients. Patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy may respond well to low-dose pyridoxine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a highly important complement to modern medicine and is widely practiced in China and in many other countries. The work of Chinese medicine is subject to the two factors of the inheritance and development of clinical experience of famous Chinese medicine practitioners and the difficulty in improving the service capacity of basic Chinese medicine practitioners. Heterogeneous information networks (HINs) are a kind of graphical model for integrating and modeling real-world information. Through HINs, we can integrate and model the large-scale heterogeneous TCM data into structured graph data and use this as a basis for analysis.Methods: Mining categorizations from TCM data is an important task for precision medicine. In this paper, we propose a novel structured learning model to solve the problem of formula regularity, a pivotal task in prescription optimization. We integrate clustering with ranking in a heterogeneous information network.Results: The results from experiments on the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model for discovering useful categorizations of formulas.Conclusions: We use heterogeneous information networks to model TCM data and propose a TCM-HIN. Combining the heterogeneous graph with the probability graph, we proposed the TCM-Clus algorithm, which combines clustering with ranking and classifies traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. The results of the categorizations can help Chinese medicine practitioners to make clinical decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is developing an ethical and sustainable organ donation and procurement system based on voluntary citizen donation. The gift-of-life metaphor has begun to dominate public discussion and education about organ donation. However, ethical and legal problems remain concerning this "gift-of-life" discourse: In what sense are donated organs a "gift-of-life"? What constitutes the ultimate worth of such a gift? On whose authority should organs as a "gift-of-life" be donated? There are no universal answers to these questions; instead, responses must be compatible with local cultural values. This paper argues that from a Confucian point of view, organs should be viewed as a gift from the donor's family, and that final dispositional authority should also rest with the donor's family. The worth of such a "gift" rests on the virtue of ren, the origin of which is family love. Ultimately, I will argue that a family-based consent model for deceased organ donation is not merely justified, but morally required in the Chinese cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study proposed a mediated moderation model based on the cognitive theory and susceptibility phenotype theory for depression to explore the moderating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between trait anxiety and depression and the mediating role of rumination in this interactive effect.Methods: The subjects were selected via the cluster sampling method. A cross-sectional survey of 1619 Chinese adults of Han nationality was recruited from three cities in central and western China. The trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Trait scale), Short Ruminative Response Scale (SRRS), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used for a paper-and-pencil evaluation. The data were statistically processed using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and a test of mediated moderation.Results: (1) Trait anxiety was significantly positively correlated with rumination and depression. There was a significant negative correlation between cognitive flexibility and trait anxiety, rumination, and depression. (2) The moderating effect of cognition flexibility on the relationship between trait anxiety and depression was mediated by rumination, and the indirect moderating effect accounted for 79.25% of the total variance.Limitations: Cross-sectional studies do not reveal the causal relationships between observed variables well. Self-report questionnaires lack objective indicators. The applicability of the current results in the clinical depression population requires further experimental tests.Conclusions: The results support the important role of trait anxiety in the development of depression. Cognitive flexibility moderates the relationship between trait anxiety and depression and has a risk-buffering effect on this relationship. Rumination plays a mediating role in the moderating effects of cognitive flexibility on the relationship between trait anxiety and depression. The findings enrich the research on the relationship between trait anxiety and depression and have important practical implications for the early prevention and intervention of depression, which can increase individual cognitive flexibility and address rumination to regulate depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How health care providers are paid affects how medicine is practiced. It is thus important to assess provider payment models not only from the economic perspective but also from the ethical perspective. China recently started to reform the provider payment model in the health care system from fee-for-service to case-based payment. This paper aims to examine this transition from an ethical perspective. We collected empirical studies on the impact of case-based payment in the Chinese health care system and applied a systematic ethical matrix that integrates clinical ethics and public health ethics to analyze the empirical findings. We identified eleven prominent ethical issues related to case-based payment. Some ethical problems of case-based payment in China are comparable to ethical problems of managed care and diagnosis related groups in high-income countries. However, in this paper we discuss in greater detail four specific ethical issues in the Chinese context: professionalism, the patient-physician relationship, access to care and patient autonomy. Based on the analysis, we cautiously infer that case-based payment is currently more ethically acceptable than fee-for-service in the context of China, mainly because it seems to lower financial barriers to access care. Nonetheless, it will be difficult to justify the implementation of case-based payment if no additional measures are taken to monitor and minimize its existing negative ethical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on two years' ethnographic research on doctor-patient relations in urban China, this paper examines the causes of patients' mistrust of physicians. I identify the major factors at the societal, institutional, and interpersonal levels that lead to patients' mistrust of physicians. First, I set the context by describing the extent of mistrust at the societal level. Then, I investigate the institutional sources of mistrust. I argue that the financing mechanism of public hospitals and physicians' income structures are the most crucial factors in inducing patients' mistrust. Hospitals' heavy reliance on self-finance has basically caused public hospitals to run like private hospitals, resulting in blatant conflicts of interest between hospitals and patients. Related to this is physicians' reliance on bonuses and commissions as part of their regular incomes, which has inevitably resulted in overtreatment and, hence, mistrust from the patients. At the interpersonal level, I describe how individual physicians' attitudes toward and interaction with patients may also affect patients' sense of trust or mistrust in physicians. In conclusion, I discuss the ethical implications of the mistrust problem, and suggest changes at the institutional and interpersonal levels to mitigate the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Raising Sexually Healthy Children (RSHC) program is a peer-to-peer leadership training program for immigrant parents in Toronto, Canada. It was established in 1998 with the goal of promoting family sex education and parent–child communication. This evaluative study examined the developmental processes and outcomes of the RSHC program to identify the strengths, challenges and insights that can be used to improve the program. It employed a multi-case study approach to compare the RSHC programs delivered in the Chinese, Portuguese and Tamil communities. Data collection methods included focus groups, individual interviews and document analysis. The cross-case analysis identified both common and unique capacity building processes and outcomes in the three communities. In this paper, we report factors that have enhanced and hindered sustainable capacity building at the individual, group/organizational and community levels, and the strategies used by these communities to address challenges common to immigrant families. We will discuss the ecological and synergetic, but time-consuming processes of capacity building, which contributed to the sustainability of RSHC as an empowering health promotion program for immigrant communities. We conclude the paper by noting the implications of using a capacity building approach to promote family health in ethno-racial-linguistic minority communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper investigates the properties and performance of the two generic measures, EQ-5D and SF-12, for Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) assessments of pregnant women living with HIV in Kunming City, Yiliang County, Daguan County, Longchuan County, Tengchong County, Longling County and Fengqing County in Yunnan Province, China.Methods: As part of a screening programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), a retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in the seven Maternal and Infant Health Care centers in Yunnan Province, China, between April and June of 2016. The demographic and HIV infection-related information used in the study was collected through questionnaires designed by the study's staff. HRQoL information was collected using two generic scales: EQ-5D and SF-12.Results: A total sample of one hundred and one pregnant women with a mean age of 30.4 ± 5.1 years was investigated. Average time elapsed since infection diagnoses was 5.8 ± 3.4 years. Only one infant (1.0%) was HIV positive, and 56 (55.4%) infants were HIV negative. The HIV status of 44 (43.6%) infants was unknown. The relationship between the EQ-5D functional dimensions and the PCS-12 and the relationship between the EQ-5D anxiety/depression dimension and the MCS-12 were stronger. Those whose PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores were at the median or lower were classified as being in worse health, while those over the median were classified as being in better health. Respondents who reported no problem on each of the EQ-5D dimensions was divided according to the median SF-12 component scores. Those who scored at the median or lower than the median were classified as being in worse health, while those higher than the median were classified as being in better health. The VAS scores were also significantly different than the median split of the SF-12 scores for these subjects.Conclusion: EQ-5D and SF-12 showed a discrimination ability in measuring the HRQoL of pregnant women living with HIV. The construct validity was identified for EQ-5D and SF-12 in the study. The respective constructs of EQ-5D and EQ-VAS may not overlap. Pregnant women living with HIV in the study gave more weight to their mental health when they provided a total health rating in EQ-VAS. EQ-VAS could explain the limitations of the EQ-5D dimension scores with ceiling effects in the survey. The results of our study could help to determine the suitable HRQoL instruments for pregnant women living with HIV and provide evidence for the proper comparison of EQ-5D and SF-12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the past 20 years, the trends of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in China have been described in divergent claims. This research analyzes mortality trends for IHD by using the data from 102 continuous Disease Surveillance Points (DSP) from 1991 to 2009.Method: The 102 continuous DSP covered 7.3 million people during the period 1991-2000, and then were expanded to a population of 52 million in the same areas for 2004-2009. The data were adjusted by using garbage code redistribution and underreporting rate, mapped from international classification of diseases ICD-9 to ICD-10. The mortality rates for IHD were further adjusted by the crude death proportion multiplied by the total number of deaths in the mortality envelope, which was calculated by using logrt = a + bt. Age-standard death rates (ASDRs) were computed using China's 2010 census population structure. Trend in IHD was calculated from ASDRs by using a joinpoint regression model.Results: The IHD ASDRs increased in total in regions with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) 4.96%, especially for the Southwest (AAPC = 7.97%) and Northeast areas (AAPC = 7.10%), and for male and female subjects (with 5% AAPC) as well. In rural areas, the year 2000 was a cut-off point for mortality rate with annual percentage change increasing from 3.52% in 1991-2000 to 9.02% in 2000-2009, which was much higher than in urban areas (AAPC = 1.05%). And the proportion of deaths increased in older adults, and more male deaths occurred before age 60 compared to female deaths.Conclusion: By observing a wide range of areas across China from 1991 to 2009, this paper concludes that the ASDR trend for IHD increased. These trends reflect changes in the Chinese standard of living and lifestyle with diets higher in fat, higher blood lipids and increased body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To observe the effect of a rehabilitation intervention on the comprehensive health status of patients with hand burns.Background: Most studies of hand-burn patients have focused on functional recovery. There have been no studies involving a biological-psychological-social rehabilitation model of hand-burn patients.Design: A randomized controlled design was used.Methods: Patients with hand burns were recruited to the study, and sixty patients participated. Participants were separated into two groups: (1) The rehabilitation intervention model group (n=30) completed the rehabilitation intervention model, which included the following measures: enhanced social support, intensive health education, comprehensive psychological intervention, and graded exercise. (2) The control group (n=30) completed routine treatment. Intervention lasted 5 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t test were conducted.Results: The rehabilitation intervention group had significantly better scores than the control group for comprehensive health, physical function, psychological function, social function, and general health. The differences between the index scores of the two groups were statistically significant.Conclusions: The rehabilitation intervention improved the comprehensive health status of patients with hand burns and has favorable clinical application.Relevance To Clinical Practice: The comprehensive rehabilitation intervention model used here provides scientific guidance for medical staff aiming to improve the integrated health status of hand-burn patients and accelerate their recovery. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoregulation models of the human body have been widely used in thermal comfort studies. The existing models are complicated and not fully verified for application in China. This paper presents a simplified thermoregulation model which has been statistically validated by the predicted and measured mean skin temperature in warm environments, including 21 typical conditions with 400 Chinese subjects. This model comprises three parts: i) the physical model; ii) the controlled system; and iii) the controlling system, and considers three key questions formerly ignored by the existing models including: a) the evaporation efficiency of regulatory sweat; b) the proportional relation of total skin blood flow and total heat loss by regulatory sweating against body surface area; and c) discrepancies in the mean skin temperatures by gender. The developed model has been validated to be within the 95% confidence interval of the population mean skin temperature in three cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sutures in laparoscopy have been extensively developed in recent years. In this study, we assessed differences between Polysorb™ braided absorbable suture (CL-914) and V-Loc™ barbed suture (V-Loc 180) used in vaginal cuff closure during laparoscopic hysterectomy from various aspects.Study Design: This paper presented a prospective cohort study of 490 consecutive women underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) performed between January 2013 and September 2015 applying identical procedure technique, with cuff closure approaches selected by surgeons. Data collected included operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative changes in body temperature, perioperative routine blood parameters changes, total average hospital stay, and postoperative hospital stay. In addition, short-term (at least 6 months) outcomes of vaginal cuff granulomatous (VCG) between the two suture approaches were compared.Results: Between groups, statistical differences were detected in operative duration, estimated blood loss, total and postoperative hospital stay, WBC, neutrophil counts and Hb in postoperative routine blood parameters; while there were no significant differences in other data (all P>0.05). Postoperative routine blood parameters in each group: compared to preoperative baseline, in Group 1, WBC, N increased (P<0.05), while RBC, Hb decreased (P<0.05). In Group 2, same tendency in WBC, N and Hb was indicated, but RBC increased with no significant difference. In both groups, vaginal cuff healing was well, with no dehiscence. VCG occurred more often in women used CL-914 than women applied V-Loc 180.Conclusions: V-Loc barbed suture can be used for vaginal cuff closure during TLH due to advantages such as less operative duration and blood loss, shorter postoperative and total hospital stay, and reduced VCG formation six months after TLH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for a unified standard of the reference value of young people's erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in China. The reference values of healthy young people's ESR were collected according to the Wintrobe method, and the relationship between the reference value of young people's ESR and altitude was tested in this paper. It was found that the reference value of young people's ESR decreases when the altitude gradually increases, and the relationship is significant. The method of mathematical univariate regression analysis was used to deduce two regression equations: Y(1) = 10.92-0.00183X +/-2.59 and Y(2) = 18.58-0.00319X +/-4.37. If the altitude value of a particular area of China is known, the reference value of young people's ESR can be calculated by means of the regression equations. Furthermore, depending on the altitude, China can be divided into three districts: Qingzang, Central and Eastern districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: Asian countries are currently witnessing unprecedented increase in physical inactivity and subsequent negative health outcomes; however, few cross-country studies documenting this trend exist. This paper presents the findings of a nationally representative sample, based on the East Asian Social Survey in 2011. The study sought to examine the association of social identity factors, such as objective socio-economic position, perceived social status and neighborhood quality with physical inactivity, while controlling for psychosocial and physical health. A sample of 5222 adults living in urban areas across China, Taiwan, and South Korea were surveyed.Methods: Multivariate nested logistic regressions were constructed.Results: Perceived social status was positively associated with physical activity. Gender difference in physical activity was significant, and this difference widened as educational levels increased. Class division in physical activity was also found. Perceived physical and social features of neighborhood such as suitability for walking and jogging, air quality, and help from neighbors were to different degrees associated with physical inactivity.Conclusion: Gender, marital status, education and perceived social status were common factors associated with physical inactivity in East Asian countries. Perceived urban neighborhood quality is particularly important for Chinese people to stay physically active. Cultural-behavioral norms for physical activity associated with gender and social status call for more studies on cultural perspective for health behaviors in cross-cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare chronically debilitating disease. There are few reports on the burden of disease of MS and prevalence in China. The authors intended to estimate disease burden and prevalence of MS in Shandong Province using available epidemiologic data.Methods: Prevalence was calculated using DISMOD II software based on incidence extrapolated from hospitalization data, case fatality and remission rate from literature as input indexes. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was computed with epidemiologic indexes estimated by DISMOD II program.Results: The prevalence of MS was estimated to be 3.7(95 % CI: 1.65-5.8) and 6.7(95 % CI: 2.7-9.56) cases per 100,000 people for males and for females, respectively. The mean age at onset of MS was 36.0(43.0 ± 30.0 years in males and 33.7(43.4 ± 29.7) years in females. Duration of the disease was estimated to be 34.0 (31.6 ± 21.0) years for males and 39.5(34.9 ± 21.8) years for females. The disease burden in disability-adjusted life years was 3316, comprised of 903 (27.2 %) years of life lost (YLL) and 2413 (72.8 %) years lived with disability (YLD).Conclusions: Our study highlighted that population in Shandong Province had a high prevalence of MS and the patients had a heavy disease burden. It also revealed that the results obtained in this paper would be useful to provide a reference for establishing specific healthcare policies for this rare disease in Shandong Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Numerous studies have investigated the associations between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); however, the results remain controversial. The aim of this study is to drive a more precise estimation of association between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and risk of RPL.Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database for papers on MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and RPL risk. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the homozygous model, heterozygous model, dominant model, recessive model and an additive model. The software STATA (Version 13.0) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Overall, 57 articles were included in the final meta-analysis. In maternal group the MTHFR C677T polymorphism showed pooled odds ratios for the homozygous comparison [OR = 2.285, 95 % CI (1.702, 3.067)] and the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism showed pooled odds ratios for recessive model [OR = 1.594, 95 % CI (1.136, 2.238)]. In fetal group the MTHFR C677T polymorphism showed pooled odds ratios for dominant model [OR = 1.037, 95 % CI (0.567, 1.894)] and the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism showed pooled odds ratios for dominant model [OR = 1.495, 95 % CI (1.102, 2.026)].Conclusions: In summary, the results of our meta-analysis indicate that maternal and paternal MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are associated with RPL. We also observed a significant association between fetal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and RPL but not C677T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as a condition of inflammation in the paranasal sinus mucosa persisting for more than 12 weeks. We previously reported that the prevalence of CRS was about 8 % in China. Here, we aim to investigate the occupational and environmental risk factors associated with CRS.Methods: Data were collected from seven Chinese cities: Urumqi, Changchun, Beijing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Huaian and Guangzhou. CRS was diagnosed according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EP(3)OS) document. Participants were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire, which was developed by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) project and covered sociodemographic characteristics, CRS-related symptoms and occupational and environmental exposures. We evaluated the association between CRS and various occupational and environmental factors using odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs).Results: The total study population consisted of 10,633 subjects, 850 (7.99 %) of whom were defined as having CRS according to the EP(3)OS criteria. We found that there were significant associations between occupational and environmental factors and CRS. Specifically, having a clearance-related job, occupational exposure to dust, occupational exposure to poisonous gas, a pet at home or carpet at home or at the workplace were risk factors for CRS. Additionally, the method used to keep warm in winter, the duration of time spent using air conditioning in summer and the frequency of exposure to mouldy or damp environments were significantly different in subjects with and without CRS.Conclusions: Our data showed that some occupational and environmental exposures are strongly associated with CRS, which aids in understanding the epidemiology of CRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China has the biggest population in the world, and has been experiencing the largest migration in history, and its rapid urbanization has profound and lasting impacts on local and national public health. Under these conditions, a systems understanding on the correlation among urbanization, environmental change and public health and to devise solutions at national, local and individual levels are in urgent need.Methods: In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent studies which have examined the relationship between urbanization, urban environmental changes and human health in China. Based on the review, coupled with a systems understanding, we summarize the challenges and opportunities for promoting the health and wellbeing of the whole nation at national, local, and individual levels.Results: Urbanization and urban expansion result in urban environmental changes, as well as residents' lifestyle change, which can lead independently and synergistically to human health problems. China has undergone an epidemiological transition, shifting from infectious to chronic diseases in a much shorter time frame than many other countries. Environmental risk factors, particularly air and water pollution, are a major contributing source of morbidity and mortality in China. Furthermore, aging population, food support system, and disparity of public service between the migrant worker and local residents are important contributions to China's urban health.Conclusions: At the national level, the central government could improve current environmental policies, food safety laws, and make adjustments to the health care system and to demographic policy. At the local level, local government could incorporate healthy life considerations in urban planning procedures, make improvements to the local food supply, and enforce environmental monitoring and management. At the individual level, urban residents can be exposed to education regarding health behaviour choices while being encouraged to take responsibility for their health and to participate in environmental monitoring and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines gender differences in risk aversion among Chinese university students. Chinese females are proposed to be more risk averse and require a higher risk premium when faced with a gamble option in the gain-domain frame as compared to Chinese males. Two groups of 100 participants each (male = 100 and female = 100 in total) were recruited to fill up questionnaires that included items relating to objective probability lotteries. Within each group, it was found that Chinese males and females did not differ in their risk aversion. However, results show that Chinese males tend to react more readily to rising risk premium by taking up options with higher expected values when compared to Chinese females. Current findings will have useful implications to marketers (particularly, promoters of gambling products) and problem gambling counselors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With regard to the global childhood obesity epidemic, it is imperative that effective lifestyle interventions are devised to combat childhood obesity. This paper describes the development and implementation of a comprehensive (a combination of diet and physical activity (PA)), social cognitive behaviour modification intervention using accelerometry and a dietary diary to tackle child overweight and obesity. The comprehensive intervention effect was evaluated in a comparison with diet only, PA only and a no-treatment control group.Methods: A pilot study was conducted with a non-randomized cluster design. Four hundred thirty-eight overweight and obese children aged 7-12 years from ten primary schools in Beijing were recruited to receive a one-year intervention. Participants were allocated into one of four groups: the comprehensive intervention group; the PA only group (Happy 10 program); the diet only group (nutrition education program); and a control group. The effects of intervention on adiposity, blood pressure, and biochemical indicators were assessed by examining 2-way interactions (time × intervention) in linear mixed models. Means and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the adjusted changes between post-intervention and baseline relative to changes in the control group were calculated and reported as effect sizes.Results: The percentage of body fat in the comprehensive intervention group showed a significant relative decrease (adjusted change: -1.01 %, 95 % CI: (-1.81, -0.20) %) compared with the PA only, diet only or control groups (P < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in the comprehensive intervention group (adjusted change: -4.37 mmHg, 95 % CI: (-8.42, -0.33) mmHg), as did diastolic blood pressure (adjusted change: -5.50 mmHg, 95 % CI (-8.81, -2.19) mmHg) (P < 0.05). Compared with the other two intervention groups and the control group, positive adjusted changes in fasting glucose in the comprehensive group were found, although not for the biochemical lipid metabolism indicators. Positive but non-significant adjusted changes in body mass index and waist circumference were observed.Conclusions: Compared with the diet or PA only intervention groups, the current comprehensive program had superior positive effects on body fat percentage and blood pressure but not on the biochemical lipid metabolism indicators in Chinese overweight and obese children. Future randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up studies are required to elaborate the findings of the current intervention.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02228434. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The recurrence of past security breaches in healthcare showed that lessons had not been effectively learned across different healthcare organisations. Recent studies have identified the need to improve learning from incidents and to share security knowledge to prevent future attacks. Generic Security Templates (GSTs) have been proposed to facilitate this knowledge transfer. The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether potential users in healthcare organisations can exploit the GST technique to share lessons learned from security incidents.Methodology: We conducted a series of case studies to evaluate GSTs. In particular, we used a GST for a security incident in the US Veterans' Affairs Administration to explore whether security lessons could be applied in a very different Chinese healthcare organisation.Results: The results showed that Chinese security professional accepted the use of GSTs and that cyber security lessons could be transferred to a Chinese healthcare organisation using this approach. The users also identified the weaknesses and strengths of GSTs, providing suggestions for future improvements.Conclusion: Generic Security Templates can be used to redistribute lessons learned from security incidents. Sharing cyber security lessons helps organisations consider their own practices and assess whether applicable security standards address concerns raised in previous breaches in other countries. The experience gained from this study provides the basis for future work in conducting similar studies in other healthcare organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess and compare health information wanted and obtained from doctors/nurses by Chinese cancer patients and family caregivers.Research Questions: (1) What are the instrument's psychometrics in Chinese cancer patients and family caregivers? (2) How might Chinese cancer patients and family caregivers differ in the amount of different types of health information they want to have? and (3) How might Chinese cancer patients and family caregivers differ in the amount of different types of information they were able to obtain from doctors/nurses?Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a paper-pen questionnaire. A total of 198 participants (79 cancer patients; 119 family caregivers) from a general hospital in Sichuan, China completed the instrument in March 2014.Results: The instrument has excellent reliability and validity. Participants wanted to have a wide range of health information, including but not limited to information about diagnosis or treatment. Across all types of information, participants obtained from doctors/nurses significantly less than what they wanted. The discrepancy between information wanted and obtained varied across different types of information. The discrepancy was largest for information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and psychosocial aspects and smallest for information about diagnosis and self-care. Patients and caregivers did not differ in the amount of different types of information they wanted or obtained from medical professionals.Conclusions: There is a great need for providing more information to both patients and their families, particularly information about CAM and psychosocial aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classification of the main pattern types, arch, loop and whorls, is based on the number and location of deltas or triradii, which are areas defined by the confluence of three ridge systems carrying different directions on the fingerprint. Despite being areas that give place to an important morphological variability, their study has only been approached from the quantitative point of view, in relation to the number with which they appear per finger, hand, or individual (intensity pattern), and their sexual and population differences; while the qualitative aspects have not been evaluated so far. The following paper aims to study and analyze the qualitative variability, both intra and interpopulation, of the frequency of occurrence of the different types of deltas or triradii, in four fingerprint samples from males of different population origin: 100 individuals from China, 100 individuals from Colombia, 100 individuals from Nigeria and 100 individuals from Romania, which has meant the analysis of 4000 fingerprints. For this purpose, the classification of 24 types used by the Scientific Police and Criminalist Departments of the Guardia Civil of Spain has been employed. The results obtained showed the non-equiprobability of the frequency distribution of the different delta types in the four populations. In all cases, sunk open total deltas (Hat), sunk open total with point (Hat(p)) and tripod long (Tl) were the most frequent types, while the sunk closed total with point (Hct(p)) had the lowest frequency. Furthermore, for the first time, interpopulation differences in the frequency distribution of different types of deltas have become noticeable. The data provided in this paper are a pioneer in the field of dactyloscopy and can be used as a reference by the departments of criminalistics of the different countries for the estimation of the scientific value of the evidence in dactyloscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has carried out the relevant research on the evaluation of the wind farm site selection, but the evaluation index are mainly from the economic aspect and comprehensive benefit evaluation research of the wind farm site selection exists defects. In order to comprehensively to consider the explicit and implicit benefits of wind farms, firstly, a comprehensive evaluation index system for the wind farm site selection is established, which mainly includes economic, environmental and social aspects. Secondly, an integrated weight model with subjective and objective weight method is constructed, and the ideal matter element extension evaluation model and the grey clustering evaluation model for the wind farms site selection are proposed. Finally, case studies show that the proposed comprehensive evaluation model can rank the comprehensive benefits of wind farms site selection. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results of wind farm site selection, a comprehensive evaluation model of wind farm site selection is proposed to this paper, which can provide the decision basis of the decision makers. This paper establishes an index evaluation model from three aspects of economy, environment and society, examines the advantages and disadvantages of each access location of wind power system, so as to make a reasonable site selection. In view of the current development of the electricity market, this paper constructs a differential weighting model based on the built evaluation model for wind power system location. The simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively guide the location optimization of wind power system. • A comprehensive evaluation index system for the wind farm site selection is established. • An integrated weight model with subjective and objective weight method is constructed. • The ideal matter element extension evaluation model and the grey clustering evaluation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to evaluate reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the nursing field in China. Over the last decade, evidence-based nursing has been gradually known and accepted by nurses in China, and the number of systematic reviews or meta-analyses of nursing flied has steadily increased, but the quality of these reviews is unsatisfactory. The Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, the Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database and the Wanfang Database were searched for systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the nursing field, from inception through December 2011. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklists were used to assess reporting characteristics and methodological quality, respectively. A total of 63 systematic reviews or meta-analyses were identified. The deficiencies of methodological quality were mainly in literature searches, heterogeneity handling, recognition and assessment of publication bias. In addition, the deficiencies of reporting characteristics were reflected in incomplete reporting of literature search, quality assessment, risk of bias and results. Focusing on improving the quality of reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the nursing field in China is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A community level randomised controlled trial of a Community Popular Opinion Leader (C-POL) intervention to reduce bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unprotected extramarital sex was carried out over 2 years in five countries. The main study results did not find significant intervention effects. This paper presents a sub-analysis examining the differential intervention impacts among high-risk and low-risk participants in the China site.Methods: From 2002-2006, 3912 migrant market vendors aged 18 and 49 years were recruited at an urban site in China. Markets were randomly assigned to the C-POL intervention (N=20 markets; n=1979) or standard-care control condition (N=20; n=1933). Both study condition venues received HIV/STI education, free condoms, STI testing and treatment, and training for pharmacists in antibiotic treatments. In intervention markets, C-POLs were identified and trained to diffuse messages regarding safer sex, STI treatment and partner discussions of sex. The primary biological outcome was incidence of new STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomonas, herpes or HIV). The primary sexual behaviour risk outcome was any unprotected extramarital sex in the prior 3 months.Results: In unadjusted analyses, women had significantly lower rates of STI infection at 24 months in the C-POL intervention (5.7%) compared to controls (8.3%; p = 0.043). In mixed-effects regression models, intervention participants with STIs at previous assessments were about half as likely to have STIs at 24 months (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.90) compared to controls.Conclusions: The C-POL intervention lowers HIV risk among those at highest risk (i.e., with a STI or engaging in high-risk sexual activities) rather than the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]