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In Romania, one of the countries with the largest Roma community in Europe, the gap between the majority population and the Roma minority continues to be wide. The paper explores whether there is a sustainability of traditional Roma occupations and crafts or whether we are witnessing a continuous occupational dynamic. The objective of the research is to identify the patterns of traditional and non-traditional economic activities practised in Roma communities in two cities: Timişoara and Cluj-Napoca. The research hypothesis investigates whether there is a wide range of economic activities in analyzed Roma communities, where traditional activities tend to have a negligible share and dynamics compared to non-traditional ones. Also, we analyze whether traditional activities remain relevant in Roma communities and whether they represent a significant occupational resource in the case of external migration. The following statistical hypotheses are presented: there are significant differences between members of Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca. These are observed in the choice of practising non-traditional-traditional economic activities in the country. There are significant differences between members of Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca in the practice of traditional versus non-traditional occupations according to ethnic subgroup membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rural space is a basic concern of today's society dominated by the trend of modernization and the need to preserve identity. The current context highlights numerous elements favorable to the development of the rural space, but also elements that inhibit this process. Favorability for the development of the rural area is given by the availability of endogenous resources, and the elements that slow down the development process are generally related to the inability of the local responsibility factors to implement policies, programs and strategies adapted to the territorial specificity that lead to the development of agriculture as a basic activity but and to a diversification of economic activities and implicitly to the development of the rural economy. The paper briefly presents a model of strategic evaluation of the rural space that highlights the territorial specificity and allows the elaboration of sustainable development options adapted to it. From the secondary analysis of the statistical data and the relevant specialized literature and through the application of the PESTEL and SWOT strategic analysis models, sufficient specificity elements were identified that led to the development of relevant strategic options for sustainable rural development in Vâlcea county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of firms' internationalization has been intensively studied over the years, representing an engaging subject for business enthusiasts from both the business environments as well as the academia. The process of internationalization is the method usually used by firms to expand their economic activity outside their country of origin, as they try to expand their market share and gain a bigger customer base. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the evolution of firm internationalization in Romania and Moldova after the fall of communism as both countries have gone through drastic changes in order to become a market economy. This paper discusses the main business internationalization trends after the fall of the communist system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical research of the accommodation activity accounting handling in Romania supports not only the economic hotel agents, their accountants and practitioners, but also their trainees and students who want to visualize economic peculiarities of accounting operations in this sector of economic activity. The article presents the accounting recording of the accommodation charges, breakfast price lists, hotel fees, complementary and supplementary services. The paper presents a practical usefulness due to a distinctiveness of the accounting and fiscal recordings imposed by a hotel organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with 2003 the European Union turned its interest in developing the borders with the future neighbours at that time, out of which our interest is on Romania-Ukraine border. Since then, several generations of programs financed projects aiming to boost the cooperation between the communities living along the border, also to develop the economic and social life. The paper aim was to determine the interplay between macroeconomic indicators, export, import and gross product, of Romanian and Ukrainian administrative territories. The evaluation of the defined hypotheses showed no statistically significant influence of economic activity of Romanian regions on Ukrainian ones in G1 (Odesa and Tulcea), G2 (Chernivtsi, Botoșani, Suceava) and partially G3 cross-border regions, namely in all cases of Zakarpattia oblast and gross regional product of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. Maramureș and Satu Mare import were significant for Ivano-Frankivsk export affecting it in different directions, Satu Mare impact was positive, while Maramureș - negative. Therefore, we can assume that Ivano-Frankivsk and Satu Mare had exportimport relations. Maramureș export had negative impact on Ivano-Frankivsk export and import, while Satu Mare influence was not significant. Therefore, we can suppose that Maramureș and Ivano-Frankivsk compete for the same markets. The research results indicate that there is need to increase the efficiency of the cross-border programmes in this area or develop better ones to intensify the positive synergy effect on both Romanian and Ukrainian sides. The paper is first part of a larger study concerning the evolution of this border area before the pandemic period, but after each programming period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes an inventory of the rural non-agricultural activities, which can be classified into two categories depending on the time allocated to the respective activities: independent ones, those that are practiced in exclusivity, using the entire working time, and the complementary ones, those that are carried out to complete the available working time, by those involved in agriculture. To increase the relevance of the analysis, the paper attempts to quantify the most important methods for increasing the rural business environment competitiveness on the basis of documentation, analysis and processing of statistical data. In general, no rural development program can be conceived in the absence of the essential role played by agriculture, but the rural economy is more developed and more dynamic if it has a more diverse structure, with a higher share of non-agricultural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper approaches the issue of the labour force from Romania in regional profile at a decade after the accession to the European Union. The economic, political, technological and financial changes occurred at different aggregation levels have, profoundly, influenced the volume and structure of the labour force at national level. The analysis is based on statistical data available at national and European level and follows the evolution in regional profile. The result reveal an unprecedented dynamic of the national labour force and support the need for efficient public policies in the field of education and employment, adapted to the new coordinates of the economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the use of taxes as an economic-financial instrument in Romania, comparatively with other EU states. The main aspects approached have been: total taxes, direct and indirect taxes, contributions to social insurance, profit tax, wage expense efficiency due to fiscal taxes. Romania has a more relaxed tax system compared to the EU average and other member states. Taxes are used as a financial tool to enrich the state and local budgets. State intervenes through legal regulations in the tax area that have the effect of positively influencing certain sides of the economic activity and gaining economic leverage character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental quality to be the basis of all activities, including tourism, makes inseparable from the phenomenon of tourism. The variety of natural environmental quality and its aesthetic appearance, constitute basic resources for tourism today, and increasingly homogenized by the process of economic globalization. Between the environment and various forms of tourism there are complex reciprocal relations, interdependence, which are often described as a "symbiosis". The purpose of this paper is to present and characterize economic activity and tourism in the area Razim- Sinoe Lagoon Complex. Will present data on population, agriculture, industry, tourism, transport and do some actual proposals on tourism potential. For these aspects we used data from the National Institute of Statistics, Department of Statistics Tulcea Strategic Plan for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Danube Delta, developed under the auspices of Tulcea County Council; Master Plan, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Danube Delta developed by National Institute for Research and Development. Data collected were placed in tables and processed to yield graphics that then we have interpreted and analyzed. Thus, after processing the data provided by the authorities, we conclude that: (i)The area study presents the following administrative-territorial structure: one city, Babadag, 10 communes with a total of 32 villages in the composition (including the common city of residence).(ii)The most important activity in terms of number of active local businesses is trade, with 50.83% of the total active units; (iii)Manufacturing attract the largest number of employees, 44.98%, is from this point of view, the most important activity. Manufacturing is followed in this trade indicator 19.37% and 10.38% of construction;(iv)The most representative activity is the fishing area is favorable for the development of such an activity, often combined with agrotourism.(v)The main categories of land use are the agricultural land (arable, pasture and hayfields, orchards and vineyards), forest vegetation surfaces, surfaces occupied by water, roads and railways construction;(vi)Sulfur forms prevalent in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve phytocoenosis, covering approximately 160.000 hectares, of which 100,000 ha is monodominantă reed community.(vii)In Romania especially in geographical areas close to water highlights specific types of tourism, which is distinguished from other forms of tourism in areas with higher altitudes. In the Razim-Sinoe meet as a form of tourism: tourism heliotherapy, sports tourism, rural tourism, eco-tourism, scientific tourism, health tourism, tourism movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper raises questions concerning the complexity of the term “community” when dealing with community-based tourism initiatives. It highlights the difficulty of translating into practice the paradigm of “community-based tourism”. Through a case study of tourism in the multi-ethnic village of Viscri, Romania, the paper discusses the operational role that a network of both internal and external actors may play in piloting tourism initiatives that produce benefits for communities that are unaccustomed to participatory development processes due to various barriers. The study highlights the key role played by a local leader and an external foundation in building a network that, thanks to the bonding and bridging relations activated, led the community towards a form of sustainable tourism development and a broader amelioration of the social conditions. The network described can be replicated in other geographical contexts, provided there is strong local leadership and also international interests and donors. In the long term, however, the network needs to be strengthened by involving other actors, above all local authorities. They are needed to assure the basis for long-term empowerment, participation in decision-making and progressive diversification of economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the past decades, knowledge, science and innovation have become the most important pillars on which the economic development is based. At the same time, the regions are considered to be the new poles of economic growth. In this context, universities are expected to expand their classic role to a leading actor in regional economic development. This paper focuses on how "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iaşi, the oldest and one of the most prestigious universities in Romania, contributes to this process, quantifying its indirect contribution to the generation of human capital, to the increase of the economic activity rate in the North Eastern Region and in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a synthetic approach on Romanian food system: opportunity of its existence, its structure, relations between economic agents which operate within it, their management and the extent to which those directs producers, especially farmers, to the pursuit of economic flows of goods and money, which are specific, found in the vertical integration processes. Based on observations gathered after studying the food system, it was highlighted, inter alia, the need to improve management, increase its contribution to the creation of permanent relations between economic agents of the system connecting to these more and more agricultural holdings which develop their commercial side, stronger reception of the interdependence between them and strengthening partnerships for coming in this respect with some courses of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the impact of VAT upon the economic activity in Romania. By developing a new mathematical model we offer several dynamic and efficient possibilities for observing the modifications caused by the temporary reduction of taxes upon the personal incomes which suggest that the resulting additional incomes are often saved and less consumed. Analyzing several temporary reductions in incomes, the model describes also a scheme regarding the developments of economic growth. Based on this scheme, are revealed the different arrangements in which a present economic activity influences a future one. According to the proposed model, it is highlighted that the national income increases as a response to the aggregated demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exports represent a major component of gross domestic product. In a more and more globalized world, the importance of export activity increased. Export depends on a large variety of factors that can have a positive or negative effect on it. Some consider that exchange rates are a factor that can influence the dynamics of exports. In this paper, the author presented different points of view on the topic of the correlation between exchange rates and export. The author analyzed the possible influence of exchange rates on Romanian exports. The period took into consideration for the research is 1990-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interwar period was a time of major structural changes for the Romanian socio-economic environment, with new territories, resources and an almost doubled population being the main drivers of change. The aim of this paper is to carry out a pertinent analysis of the agricultural sector--the main economic activity of the country's population, as 13 of the 18 million inhabitants were dependent on agriculture--and to compare its development with the more dynamic evolution of the industrial sector, a comparison that reveals most of the factors that led to internal migration away from the rural area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profitability is one of the most important economic parameters taken into account in any economic activity. The aim of the paper was to establish maize productivity and profitability of some hybrids with different precocity under several levels of water, in the conditions of Romanian Dobrogea region. Economic efficiency was evaluated using specific economic indicators (production cost, net profit and net profit rate) in order to establish which hybrids perform better. Identification, establishment and improvement of technological links to determine and maintain the achievement of high yields in order to reduce costs per hectare, we must determine as specialists, to grant a real influence of technological parameters and climatic conditions. In this study, the main technological parameters are: application of irrigation, the origin of germplasm (hybrids) and the early hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study approaches the problem of the socioeconomic developments at county level over a ten-year interval starting with the year when Romania acceded to the European Union, and tries to highlight the main structural changes within areas such as demography, economic activities and social infrastructure within Ilfov County, which is one of the most dynamic territorial units of Romania as it capitalises its excellent position and is a polarising centre for workforce as well as for economic activities. The analysis uses statistical data from official sources, both national and European, which have been processed with classical statistical methods. The results suggest a strong dynamics of the main parameters that are relevant to demography and to economic activities, as well as a steady development of the social infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the differences between labour productivity in the Romanian agriculture and the European Union countries, determining the impact on the farming system. The article is made with the help of the data from the Eurostat and the National Institute of Statistics. It use three different modalities to estimate agricultural labour productivity in European Union and in Romania. Labour productivity in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector is still very low in Romania compared to EU-28 member countries. Labour productivity in Romanian agriculture sector is lower than in other members' countries of European Union, where it is very significant (Dutch, Danish, Belgian or French productivity is 10-15 times higher). Analysing labour productivity in Romania's agriculture sector by economic activities, it is noted that agriculture has the smallest labour productivity. In view of the existence of a large number of employed persons in Romania agriculture (10.45% of the total population), it is very important to increase labour productivity in Romania because it has a major impact on economic growth and the standard of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of labour productivity by regions and by economic activities as well as average sectoral income levels in Romania are analysed within the framework of this paper. The structure of labour productivity on regional level and by economic activities is an essential component of regional competitiveness besides the structure of regional population, the structure of employment by economic activities in total population at regional level and the structure of total GDP (or GVA) on regional level by economic activities. To capture the variation in time of competitiveness, a longer time horizon analysis of the above indicators is needed instead of analysing just one-year data, which would only give a static view on the matter. Our analysis covers the 2000-2008 time horizon and focuses mainly on labour productivity through analysing sectoral GVA and sectoral employment on the level of Romanian NUTS2 development regions, being an important determinant of regional competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of regional specialization and of concentrating the economic activities contributes to the identification of the place and role of each economic activity within the national economy and its growth potential. Thus, the possibility to emphasize the contribution brought by each economic activity to the development of each region is created. The aim of this paper is to verify relation between the evolution of the regional specialization and geographic concentration of economic activities in eight Romanian development regions. For this purpose, an empirical study of specialization and concentration was performed, at the level of the eight regions of Romania, before and after the moment of integration in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the evolution of local finances in Romania during the Second World War. Using the documents of the time, we analyze the consequences of the legislative changes in the field of administration upon the income sources of the local administrations, upon the evolution and the structure of their budgetary incomes and expenses, the measures taken by the central and local authorities with a view to sorting out the difficulties resulted from the crisis or from the war. The main conclusion of the paper is that the ever-increasing needs in the field of war financing determined a substantial reduction in the local administrations incomes, which were highly dependent upon the state fiscal system. The decrease in production (economic activity) in the main fields and domains of the national economy in the last years of the war, together with the significant decrease in general consumption, also negatively influenced the revenue of the local administrations. The difficult conditions between 1939 and 1945 postponed the reform projects in the field of local finances, in the sense of increasing the financial resource volume required to achieve the economic, social and cultural functions of counties and communes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, Romania and Hungary are two countries sharing the same wish: to become active and responsible members of the new great European family. Even if the start was slightly differentiated - Hungary acceded to the EU in 2004 and Romania in 2007 - the post-adhesion evolutions of the two countries are demonstrating the same effort towards the complete integration in the European Union, through the adhesion to the Euro Zone. This paper intends to reveal if the border between the two states plays the role of either connection or demarcation between the economic evolutions of these two member-states of the European Union. On this matter, we will analyze the economic conjuncture, the evolution of the economic indexes and the condition of the different fields of the neighboring economies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, competition between towns has always been present, either for power (Which should be the bishop's residence?), or for economic advantages (Which town could enjoy the privilege of organising fairs?). This competition between the regioncenters of the EU still exists. This paper presents the results of research related to urban competition between Szeged and Timisoara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting the externalities across the water, energy, food, and waste (WEFW) sectors is challenging, especially considering tightening constraints such as population growth, climate change, resource-intensive lifestyles, increased waste production, sanitary crises and many others. The nexus approach supports the transition to a more sustainable future because intersectoral trade-offs can be reduced and externalities exploited, making imperative for decision makers, entrepreneurs, and civil society to simultaneously engage, with respect to all the components of the nexus. This research addressed intersectoral synergies and trade-offs in the case of the WEFW nexus in Romania, judging from the perspectives of entrepreneurial activity and economic results. The objective of this research was to explore the nexus in-depth by statistically analyzing the financial and economic indicators reported by active enterprises at county-level, based on the Romanian Ministry of Public Finance data. Research results describe the effects of the policies implemented in the fields of WEFW sectors. At the same time, attention was paid to the quality of the entrepreneurial activity, analyzed from the perspective of economic performance. This paper fills a research gap regarding the WEFW nexus by resorting to an economic and entrepreneurial performance assessment in order to find sectoral pathways toward policy cohesion in Romania. Findings suggested the existence of major trade-offs among sectors, owing to the fact that each county has a different development degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unit was established in 2006, with the object of "Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds plant" - CAEN code 0111 from 02.08.2006. Formation of the company was based on the association of two persons, Romanian citizens, which constituted a legal entity as a limited liability company. The declared company's office is located in the village of Salcia, County Teleorman, which may establish subsidiaries, as required by law. Life of the society is one unlimited share capital was 200 lei (by 50% for each partner), increase or reduce the capital and its transmission can be achieved in concrete terms stipulated in the articles of established. The company has various equipment (tractors, combines, various machinery, storage, etc.) that have experienced an upward trend - both in numbers and in terms of value - during the analyzed period (2011-2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the realization of this study we used PESTEc analysis of the external environment (political-legal, economic, social and technological) in order to highlight the opportunities which can lead to a higher efficiency of the economic activity or the threats represented by the potential impediments which could prevent the development of the economic activity of the studied company. The study was realized on a company which has as activity the pig farming , but due to confidentiality reasons we will not divulge its name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]