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Objectives: Most researchers who study the effects of hormonal contraception on menstrual bleeding rely on self-reported data via paper diaries, for which completeness and timeliness have been shown to be poor. The purpose of this exploratory study was to compare the completeness and timeliness of bleeding data collected via paper diaries, text messages or smartphone application (a.k.a "app"). Methods: This was a sub-study of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial comparing the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, with placebo when using a copper IUD. Participants tracked bleeding and symptoms over 112 days. Participants tracked bleeding daily using a paper diary as well as with either text messages or a smartphone app. Participants who used paper and the app were also able to record non-bleeding symptoms. Results: Twenty-five participants submitted diaries. Of these participants, 10 completed both paper and app diaries, 7 completed both paper and text messages, 4 completed the paper diary only, 4 completed the app only. Text messages had the most complete data (108 days), followed by the app (96 days) and paper diaries (84 days). The lag time between a bleeding event and the date recording that event was 0.10 days for text, 1.0 days for app, and 4.73 days for paper diaries. Participants using the app reported a median of 33 other symptoms over the study period compared to 7 for the paper diaries. Discussion: Our findings suggest texts demonstrated more complete and timely bleeding data than either paper diaries, or the app. Compared to paper diaries, the app delivered more complete, timely data, and also collected a large set of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the usefulness of a novel acoustic uroflowmetry- (UFM-) based mobile application (app) voiding diary (VD) focusing on the (1) compliance and (2) correlation with a conventional paper-based VD. Materials and Methods. A total of 78 patients were included between December 2019 and June 2020, and a subsequent review of all data was performed. The analyzed data were as follows: (1) survey of convenience/satisfaction/preference comparing the two methods, (2) compliance regarding the completeness of both methods, and (3) correlation of each metric (24-hour urine volume, nocturnal urine volume, nocturnal polyuria index, total number of voids, number of daytime voids, number of nocturnal voids, and maximal bladder capacity) between the two methods. Results. The survey results of convenience, satisfaction, and preference were as follows. With regard to convenience and satisfaction area, higher scores are reported in the mobile app VD (mean ± standard deviation (SD); convenience: 7.47 ± 2.19 [app] vs. 4.20 ± 2.49 [paper]; satisfaction: 7.36 ± 2.17 [app] vs. 5.07 ± 2.65 [paper]). The median score of the overall preference for using the mobile app instead of the paper-based VD was 9 out of 10 (mean ± SD 7.82 ± 2.68). We also found a good correlation between the two methods for nocturnal urine volume (r = 0.55 , p = 0.04), nocturnal polyuria index (r = 0.66 , p = 0.23), total number of voids (r = 0.9 , p = 0.02), number of nocturnal voids (r = 0.83 , p = 0.02), and maximal bladder capacity (r = 0.89 , p = 0.04). Conclusion. The acoustic UFM-based mobile app VD demonstrated favorable findings compared to the conventional paper-based VD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal papers such as diaries or memoirs are established sources for historical, cultural and literary research. Special archival collections have been built up over the past decades. Depending on the focus of the content, these collections are composed very differently. With an intersectional approach, some of these differences are presented in this article: Are women and men documented differently in collections of personal papers from artists, scientists or politicians? How is the gender comparison in collections with an everyday history approach? Are women and men possibly represented here with different auto/biographical formats? And what about members of different social classes? Are there also diaries of workers or servants in the archives? The systematic comparison exposes structural inequalities in archival collections and thus shows the direct effects of documentation policies that have a lasting influence on which sources are ultimately available to research – and which are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yehuda Moraly's book, "Dream Projects in Theatre, Novels and Films: the Works of Paul Claudel, Jean Genet, and Federico Fellini," explores the concept of "dream projects" - artistic endeavors that were never completed. The book focuses on three unrealized projects by Paul Claudel, Jean Genet, and Federico Fellini, examining their significance in relation to the artists' overall body of work. Moraly reconstructs the creative stages of these projects using archival materials and demonstrates how the unrealized works influenced the artists' subsequent creations. The book offers valuable insights into the process of artistic creation and serves as a starting point for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Four Years in a Red Coat: The Loveday Internment Camp Diary of Miyakatsu Koike: By Miyakatsu Koike. Just to grasp Koike's mobility during the war demands that we explore an international node between Japan, Australia, and the Dutch East Indies. Instead he was transferred to Australia in a "hell" ship, I Cremer i , by an agreement with the Dutch East Indies government to transfer internees to Australia. [Extracted from the article]

This paper interprets and analyses the concept of stealing away, as a redemptive act, that can be embodied in alternative modes such as writing, painting and drawing. The paper articulates how the pained body – which in this case is understood as the black body – emerges in an oppressive environment. This paper considers prison letters and artwork as redefinition, redress, and reconfiguration of the pained body. The core of this discussion is founded on how Fatima Meer steals away through her writing and artwork while she is imprisoned. These actions constitute self-affirmation over oppression which essentially exemplifies how Saidiya Hartman expresses stealing away as a concept. It is through acts of stealing away that Meer experiences embodied writing, which is about bringing the finely textured experiences of the body to the art of writing. In so doing the pained experiences of the body [Meer] are reclaimed from oppression through writing, drawing and painting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether patients with stroke receiving rehabilitation for upper limb deficits using smart technology (video and reminder functions) demonstrate greater adherence to prescribed home exercise programmes and better functional outcomes when compared with traditional paper-based exercise prescription. Design: Randomized controlled trial comparing upper limb home exercise programmes supported by video and automated reminders on smart technology, with standard paper-based home exercise programmes. Setting: A community rehabilitation programme within a large metropolitan health service. Subjects: Patients with stroke with upper limb deficits, referred for outpatient rehabilitation. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to the control (paper-based home exercise programme) or intervention group (home exercise programme filmed on an electronic tablet, with an automated reminder). Both groups completed their prescribed home exercise programme for four weeks. Main measures: The primary outcome was adherence using a self-reported log book. Secondary outcomes were change in upper limb function and patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 62 participants were allocated to the intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 32). There were no differences between the groups for measures of adherence (mean difference 2%, 95% CI −12 to 17) or change in the Wolf Motor Function Test log transformed time (mean difference 0.02 seconds, 95% CI −0.1 to 0.1). There were no between-group differences in how participants found instructions (p = 0.452), whether they remembered to do their exercises (p = 0.485), or whether they enjoyed doing their exercises (p = 0.864). Conclusions: The use of smart technology was not superior to standard paper-based home exercise programmes for patients recovering from stroke. This trial design was registered prospectively with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, ID: ACTRN 12613000786796. http://www.anzctr.org.au/trialSearch.aspx [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism has been woven into the fabric of American life for centuries, and social work practice is not immune to its pernicious effects. Recently, the field has acknowledged the need for White clinicians to become more culturally competent, leading to anti-racism training that attempts to address and acknowledge privilege and biases that interfere with providing ethical and just services. This paper examines reactions to anti-racism training in multi-racial group settings, identifies the absence of trauma-informed practices in such trainings, and proposes separate anti-racism training for different racial groups incorporating expressive art and journaling as an effective method to educate White clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This methodological paper connects posthuman conceptualizations of voice with artistic research and examines whether it opens toward different registers and levels of embodied and aesthetic forms of knowing that cut across normative accounts of what it means to know. We start from what Patti Lather calls 'a praxis of stuck places' and ask how to give voice to experiences such as chronic illness and pain, while at the same time disrupting representational forms of illness and pain. To investigate this, we first critically engage with the popular genre of the health diary and its representational form. Secondly, we explore how Lisa A. Mazzei concept of 'voice without subject' can support us in disrupting the normative and representational production of voice, while working with a failing voice. Finally, we analyze the sound installation, A Borrowed Diary —made by M. Broeckmeyer, and explore how it opens up alternative approaches to voice and chronic pain. We will argue that making 'voice without subject' work, touch, and resonate can impact the lives of people who often remain unheard, in that it acknowledges experiences and expressions that are mostly not validated. Creating with 'voice without subject' makes tangible how personal experiences, however, temporarily, contribute to the bigger picture of how we look at and listen to people with illnesses and/or disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When he returned to Amsterdam in spring 1945, Otto Frank discovered that not one but two versions of his daughter's diary had survived the Holocaust: the three notebooks of so‐called version A and the revision of that diary on loose sheets of paper, called version B. Other texts also survived, including a notebook Anne titled “Tales and Events from the Secret Annex,” where she collected more than three dozen short pieces of prose. Best known for its “tales,” the book is, in fact, mostly nonfiction, including numerous sketches of annex life. More self‐contained and literary than her diary entries, they show Anne experimenting as a writer. They also show her writing vigorously in the summer of 1943, a period unrepresented in version A since none of that year's diary notebooks survived. Yet, as Anne later wrote, it was “the second half of 1943” when her life changed: when she began “to think, to write.” My goal here is to better fit the “Tales” notebook into the story of Anne's life and work, a project made easier by the recent publication of Anne Frank: The Collected Works, which includes, for the first time in English, all of the author's writing, in one volume, in separate, continuous texts. To read those texts in the order in which she wrote them is to see Anne Frank not just growing as a writer but becoming a writer. The results are of interest not only to scholars of Anne's life and work but to teachers of young readers and writers, for whom Anne Frank has long been a model, if an imperfectly understood one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is a positive force for adolescent development. Taking middle school students as the main research objects, this paper examines the causal mechanism between state authenticity (SA) and sense of meaning in life through two studies: the diary method and authenticity level increase experiment. In study 1, through the daily diary data tracking investigation of 130 middle school students in daily life situations, the basic psychological needs (BPNs) and satisfaction with life (SWL) play a chain mediating role between state authenticity and sense of daily meaning in life. State authenticity has a one-way prediction effect on sense of meaning in life. In study 2, 140 participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Middle school students in the experimental group were activated to recall the authenticity experience events to enhance the level of personal authenticity, and it was found that the subjects reported a higher sense of meaning in life. This study reveals the causal mechanism between authenticity and sense of meaning of life, which has positive practical significance for exploring ways to enhance the sense of meaning of life of middle school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to follow the daily course of patients with olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls and to assess (i) how many times a day, (ii) at which time, and (iii) in which aspect of daily life participants are conscious about their sense of smell. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 49 patients with smell loss and 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks. All participants received paper diaries designed for a 14-day period, featuring 12 rows representing 12 daily hours and six columns for various daily life aspects. They were instructed to mark their awareness of smell by indicating the relevant row and column in the diary. Following the return of the diaries, a second olfactory test was conducted within the patient group. Results: On average, patients were consciously aware of their sense of smell around 8 times daily, while healthy participants noted it about 6.5 times a day. Both groups primarily focused on their sense of smell during activities related to "eating," followed by considerations in "social life" and "personal hygiene." Interestingly, distinct patterns emerged: patients peaked in awareness at 8 a.m. and 7 p.m., whereas healthy individuals showed peaks at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., and 7 p.m. Despite regular diary use, we observed no improvement in patients' olfactory function or related quality of life. Conclusion: The olfactory diary is a valuable tool unveiling individual smell awareness patterns in patients with smell loss, aiding in counseling and patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a shift in the number of bereavement studies examining daily grief processes, but our knowledge is still limited due to the lack of dyadic research. In this paper, we explored the change in mental health in the course of a seven-day dyadic diary with bereaved couples who lost their child during pregnancy, labor, or afterward. We conducted dyadic latent growth curve analyses. In the bereaved parents who experienced a pregnancy loss, we found reduced grief (for both partners) and anxiety symptoms (only for women) and no changes in depression symptoms or personal strength levels across the diary days. In the bereaved parents who lost their child during labor or afterward, both partners' grief and depression symptoms and women's anxiety symptoms stayed stable, men's anxiety symptoms decreased, but women experienced a decline in their personal strength. Overall, negative aspects of mental health showed no sign of a dyadic diary's harm to the bereaved parents and even pointed to increased mental health in some respects during the study. However, a feeling of reduced capacity to deal with difficulties during the diary was also observed in women. Our findings indicated that both negative and positive aspects of mental health should be considered to evaluate the impact of diary studies on the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the literary, philosophical, and phenomenological dimensions of neighbor‐love. Phenomenologically speaking, neighborly love must be given, that is, it must be given voluntarily through attitudes, actions, or gestures. But whom do we actually acknowledge as our neighbor, and why? Adopting a comparative literary approach, this paper argues that literature is not philosophy's adversary but its creative interlocutor: Ilse Aichinger's poem "Foundling" transcends anthropocentric perspectives, presenting the Neighbor as a being beyond denomination by translating it from human to animal. Doris Lessing's novel The Diary of a Good Neighbour depicts the unpredictable and accidental nature of encounters with the Neighbor, leaving no room for personal choice. Ultimately, Amélie Nothomb's Les catilinaires illustrates how the Neighbor can be a persistent annoyance that both irritates and resists systematic thinking. These literary works outline a nuanced poetics of neighbor‐love and givenness that extends beyond any anthropological, theological, or religio‐ethical concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emerged from discussions between the authors about our shared and different perspectives of climate change and its impact on the social, emotional, physical, spiritual and cultural wellbeing of Aboriginal Peoples and mental health services in a rural region, heavily impacted in recent years by bushfires and floods. Here we discuss, from the lead authors personal perspective as a Gamilaraay Woman, the experience of Solastalgia as a critical impact of climate change on wellbeing. Specifically, we discuss the relationship of a connection to country from a Gamilaraay, first person perspective through a series of diary entries from the lead author. Authors are researchers from different cultural backgrounds, connected through a medical research futures fund research project, to promote resilience within Aboriginal communities and the health services sector in the New England, North West region. The lead author has cultural connections to some of the communities we work with and our work is informed by these connections. While this paper was written to express an Aboriginal perspective on climate change and wellbeing, it reflects our shared perspectives of how disasters such as bushfires impact the wellbeing of Aboriginal peoples. We also explore the connection between the impact of localised, recurring natural disasters and the increasing demands on mental health services in regional and rural areas and discuss what this means with Aboriginal and non‐Indigenous mental health nurses and researchers working in regional and rural areas where access to mental health services often poses considerable challenges. From our perspective, mental health research and nursing play an important role in walking alongside Aboriginal Peoples as we explore, respond and create resilience to the ever‐present influence that climate change is having on our lives, communities, country and workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the experiences and emotions of individuals with depression and physical comorbidity within the context of psychoeducational group interventions led by primary care nurses in Catalunya (Spain). Method: A psychoeducational group intervention was conducted in the first semester of 2019 with 13 primary care teams (rural/urban) and 95 participants with depression and physical comorbidity. The qualitative research and phenomenological perspective were based on 13 field diaries and 7 semi‐structured interviews carried out with the observer nurses. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Codes were identified by segmenting the text into citations/verbatim accounts and emerging categories/subcategories by regrouping the codes. The results were triangulated among the researchers to identify and compare similarities and differences. Results: Four major themes were found: (a) gender differences; (b) coping strategies and changes observed during the intervention; (c) functions of the group as a therapeutic element; and (d) the nurses' perceptions of the group experience. Gender differences were identified in relation to experiences and emotions. Conclusions: As some patients acquired skills/behaviours during the intervention that helped them initiate changes and the nurses were satisfied with the intervention, it is important to include this information when planning effective interventions for patients with this profile. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? There are gender differences in the prevalence of depression. What this paper adds? This study describes the experiences and emotions of women with depression and physical comorbidity within the context of psychoeducational group intervention. The implications of this paper: The study provides information about the experiences and emotions of women with depression. It will be important to include this qualitative information when planning effective interventions directed at patients with this profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To assess how personal digital assistants (PDAs) perform as collection tools of patient-reported outcomes in clinical research compared to pen and paper (P&P) diaries in terms of feasibility, protocol compliance, data accuracy, and subject acceptability. Study Design and Setting: A systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing the PDA and P&P methods in a health diary context involving repeated measures in persons with chronic health problems. Results: Nine studies were included. Their methodological quality was variable. Five studies reported on feasibility, and all reported technical difficulties with the PDA technology. Two studies reported that electronic collection leads to a substantial reduction in time used for data handling. Five studies reported that the PDA method results in better compliance, whereas one study reported the opposite. All three articles reporting on data accuracy indicated that there are fewer errors in the PDA records. Four articles scrutinized subject preference, and the PDA method came out favorably in all four. Conclusion: The PDA method seems to perform better than P&P in most of the selected outcomes. Technical malfunction is the chief disadvantage with the PDA method. Further research comparing PDA with paper data collection using more stringent methodology is needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that adherence to infusion diary record keeping was improved by the use of handheld computers. In this study, attitudes to record keeping were explored and patient preferences regarding the method of recording determined for the patients who participated in the trial. Qualitative study consisting of individual semi-structured interviews with 20 severely affected patients with haemophilia who participated in an RCT. Individuals were purposefully sampled based on their recent method of record keeping and whether child or adult. Analysis employed a constant comparative method to identify key themes from the data. Most individuals (19 of 20, 95%) considered record keeping to be important. They readily identified reasons to keep records: to benefit themselves, their families, clinical staff, product distributors and manufacturers. Keeping records helps them: feel a part of the health care team; have confidence they would be notified of product recalls; review their past history; improve their ability to advocate for themselves and improve communication among all parties. Record keeping, particularly when using paper diaries, can be burdensome and a challenge to maintain consistently. All 10 individuals (100%) who had used both paper diaries and handheld computers preferred the latter. Most patients understand that record keeping can be of benefit to them. Clinics can use this knowledge to inspire other patients by developing educational programmes that de-emphasize authority. In addition, given the evidence of both patients’ preference for handheld computers, and the effectiveness of this approach documented in an RCT, switching to handheld computers is likely to improve record keeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic and debilitating condition affecting people of all ages in many nations. Healthcare practitioners look for effective ways to track patients' seizures, and a seizure diary is one of the methods used. This scoping review sought to identify current norms and practices for using seizure diaries to manage epilepsy. Method: A scoping review was performed by screening relevant studies and identifying themes, categories and subcategories. Results: A total of 1125 articles were identified from the database; 46 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 23 articles were selected. The majority (48%) of the studies were prospective studies. The majority (65%) of the articles were studies conducted in the United States. The themes identified were types of seizure diaries used in clinical practice, contents and structure of a standardised seizure diary, the use and efficacy of seizure diaries in medicine and challenges relating to using a seizure diary for patient management. Conclusion: The study revealed that a seizure diary remains a relevant tool in managing epilepsy. The two forms of diaries in use are electronic and paper-based diaries. The high cost of data and the expensive devices required to access electronic diaries make it unsuitable in a resource-limited setting. Despite its disadvantages, imperfections and inadequacies, the paper-based diary is still relevant for managing patients with epilepsy in resource-limited settings. Contribution: This study reviewed the literature to find the current norms and practices in using seizure diaries. The benefits of the different formats were emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Reliable, valid and cost-effective methods for the assessment of infant sleep and sleep problems are of major importance. In this study, the first aim was to assess the agreement of an electronic diary as well as a paper diary with actigraphy for measuring infant sleep patterns in a community sample. The second aim was to assess the feasibility and acceptance of, and compliance with, the electronic diary and the paper diary. Ninety parents reported infant sleep behavior in a paper diary in their home environments for a total of 6 days, 95 in an electronic diary, within two consecutive weeks while actigraphic data were obtained simultaneously. We found moderate to good agreement between electronic diaries and actigraphy ( r = 0.41-0.65, P < 0.01), and paper diaries and actigraphy ( r = 0.47-0.70, P < 0.01). In addition, this study also found good agreement between both diaries and also between both diaries and actigraphy for sleep percentage over 24 h (electronic diaries and actigraphy: 54.1 ± 0.7%, 52.5 ± 0.7%, P < 0.05; paper diaries and actigraphy: 55.1 ± 0.5%, 52.2 ± 0.6%, P < 0.01) and for daytime (electronic diaries and actigraphy: 27.3 ± 0.9%, 23.5 ± 1.2%, P < 0.01; paper diaries and actigraphy: 27.3 ± 0.8%, 23.2 ± 1.0%, P < 0.01), with the exception that less daytime sleep was recorded on actigraphy than on either diary. In conclusion, the electronic diary and the paper diary are valid and well-accepted methods for the assessment of infant sleep. Parents preferred the electronic diary but, conversely, they were less compliant in completing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Diaries are used in sexual behaviour research to reduce recall bias. Diary collection via mobile phone text messaging (SMS) has not been trialled previously in sexual behaviour research. This randomized controlled trial compared SMS, paper and online diaries on response rate, timeliness, completeness of data and acceptability. The correlation between behaviour reported in all three types of diaries and data collected in a retrospective questionnaire was also determined. Methods Participants were recruited by telephone and randomised into one of three groups. They completed weekly sexual behaviour diaries for 3 months by SMS, online or paper (by post). An online survey was conducted at the end of 3 months to compare retrospective reports to the diaries and assess opinions on the diary collection method. Results 72 participants were enrolled in the study, 24 in each group. Online diaries were more likely to be submitted late than SMS diaries (p<0.001). 3.9% of SMS diaries, 3.1% of paper diaries and 0.5% of online diaries were incomplete (p=0.001). Online data collection was the preferred mode for 51%. 65 participants completed the end point retrospective questionnaire. The correlation between the diary and questionnaire on sexual risk classification was substantial (κ=0.74) regardless of diary mode. Conclusions SMS is a convenient and timely method of collecting brief behavioural data, but online data collection was preferable to most participants and more likely to be complete. Data collected in retrospective sexual behaviour questionnaires were found to agree substantially with data collected through weekly self-reported diaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of diaries and journals as learning and assessment vehicles into programmes of study within higher education has enabled the further growth of reflection, creative writing, critical thinking and meta-cognitive processes of students' learning. However, there is currently little research that aims to compare how different types of diary are used and for what specific learning and teaching purposes, so, with this in mind, a study was carried out to investigate digital diary use within a group of undergraduates, to some of whom the authors allocated Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), which they used to contribute to a blog (digital diaries), and to some of whom hard-backed format (paper diaries) were given. This paper is the first of two from this study. The findings indicated that whilst students found both forms of diary acceptable and convenient, differences emerged in the way that the diaries were being used on a day-to-day basis, both in the frequency of entry and in the length of entries made. Throughout the study, the digital diaries were used more frequently, although the entries were often brief and incomplete. Conversely, students completing the paper diaries made significantly fewer entries in total, but those that were made were longer and more discursive in nature. Further, it was found that the paper diaries possessed positive qualities related to handling and attractiveness that promoted more prolonged use, whilst the negative qualities of the digital diaries were linked to technical limitations. The implications of this work are considered in relation to more general notions of using dynamic devices to encourage students to engage in reflexive criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a brief history of free African American William T. Johnson and his family memorial papers. Depiction of the lives of free African Americans in antebellum Natchez, Mississippi and New Orleans, Louisiana in his family memorial papers; Subjects of the drawings of Johnson which include duels and horse races; Publications that tend to emphasize the positive aspects of the life of Johnson.

In the present school-based study, a convenience sample of 477 students in grades 6-9 and second year in high school from a city and a smaller town recorded daily occurrence and intensity of headaches in a standard paper diary during a 3-week period. Total headache activity (headache sum), number of headache days, intensity level and duration for weekly headaches were estimated. Approximately 85% of the adolescents had experienced headache of any intensity level during the 3-week recording period. On the average, they reported 2.5 headache days per week and a mean intensity level for headache episodes of 1.7. Our estimates for headache of any intensity level (1-5) occurring at least once a week was surprisingly high (73.8%). For the highest intensity level across the whole 3-week period, almost identical proportions of mild and moderate headaches were reported by students (22.3-22.5%), while about twice as many (40.7%) had experienced severe headaches. Girls consistently reported more headaches than boys, in particular of the moderate and severe intensity types. Students in the city also reported more frequent and intense headaches than those in the town. Peak headache activity was observed at noon and in the afternoon and in the days from the middle of the week until weekend. The use of prospective recordings in diaries will further advance our knowledge on the prevalence and characteristics of recurrent headaches among children and adolescents in community samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the indigenous oral life narratives. It states that a core in collaborative indigenous life writing is how spoken words are written. Equally important are the efforts to present Indigenous narratives in a visual form that will facilitate their re-speaking. According to the author, collaborative life writing, bringing spoken word to written page and setting Indigenous lives and narratives on the line, carries story forward, the same story transformed, yet working, and shaping lives in every new telling.

Background: In early 2021, the Department of Health and Social Care in the UK called for research on the safety and immunogenicity of concomitant administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. Co-administration of these vaccines would facilitate uptake and reduce the number of healthcare visits required. The ComFluCOV trial was designed to deliver the necessary evidence in time to inform the autumn (September–November) 2021 vaccination policy. This paper presents the statistical methodology applied to help successfully deliver the trial results in 6 months. Methods: ComFluCOV was a parallel-group multicentre randomised controlled trial managed by the Bristol Trials Centre. Two study statisticians, supported by a senior statistician, worked together on all statistical tasks. Tools were developed to aid the pre-screening process. Automated data monitoring reports of clinic data and electronic diaries were produced daily and reviewed by the trial team and feedback provided to sites. Analyses were performed independently in parallel, and derivations and results of all outcomes were compared. Results: Set-up was achieved in less than a month, and 679 participants were recruited over 8 weeks. A total of 537 [at least] daily reports outlining recruitment, protocol adherence, and data quality, and 695 daily reports of participant electronic diaries identifying any missed diary entries and adverse events were produced over a period of 16 weeks. A preliminary primary outcome analysis of validated data was reported to the Department of Health and Social Care in May 2021. The database was locked 6 weeks after the final participant follow-up and final analyses completed 3 weeks later. A pre-print publication was submitted within 14 days of the results being made available. The results were reported 6 months after first discussions about the trial. Conclusion: The statistical methodologies implemented in ComFluCOV helped to deliver the study in the timescale set. Working in a new clinical area to tight timescales was challenging. Having two statisticians working together on the study provided a quality assurance process that enabled analyses to be completed efficiently and ensured data were interpreted correctly. Processes developed could be applied to other studies to maximise quality, reduce the risk of errors, and overall provide enhanced validation methods. Trial registration: ISRCTN14391248, registered on 30 March 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a brief personal journal of our relentless pursuit of Web Intelligence (WI). How it all started? What have achieved? Where are we heading? Our search for the ultimate meaning of the Web enables us to see and appreciate the power of the Web for building a better human society through collaboration, co-learning, and co-creation. The Web is a powerful idea, a scientific and technological innovation, and a social creation. Web Intelligence explores the connectivity, diversity, and plasticity of the Web, as well as the global brain supported by the Web. The goal of research on Web Intelligence is to build a better connected world of everything, by people, and for a new intelligent human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses an article by George S. Rousseau and Caroline Warman which examined the life and work of Henri-Frédéric Amiel, 19th-century Swiss diarist. It is unlikely that most readers will have the time and patience to consult the original source for Warman and Rousseau's article, and therefore they should be immensely grateful to those authors for having brought them into contact the historical document by Amiel, the 12 volumes of his journal. Amiel's diary not only sheds lights on a pre-Freudian self-analytical discourse, it also serves as an extraordinary record of the ways in which a 19th century, educated man conceived of his own mental afflictions in prepsychoanalytic terms and theories. While the authors are primarily concerned with the question of whether writing the journal constituted a poison or a cure for Amiel's life, they leave the question of his self-diagnosed melancholia relatively undisturbed and thus open the possibility for readers to wander along their own musings and reflections. Warman and Rousseau are to be commended for bringing Amiel's diary to the attention of their contemporaries in such a thoughtful and evocative manner, introducing their audiences to a historical document that adds answers and questions to our never-ending discussion about psychopathology and the place of creativity.

Reviewed: The Amos Gager Throop Collection: A Guide to the Papers in the Archives of the California Institute of Technology and the Chicago Historical Society. Erwin, Shelley and Bugé, Carol H., ed.

The article discusses the challenges faced by researchers studying the decision-making processes within the British government during the Edwardian era and the early years of World War I. The lack of available cabinet meeting minutes and the limited information provided in the prime minister's correspondence with the monarch have hindered scholars' understanding of this period. However, the private papers and diaries of government ministers, particularly those of J.A. Pease, have provided valuable insights. The article praises the comprehensive and reliable account of Asquith's Liberal government presented in the recently published diaries of Pease, highlighting the editors' meticulous research and the wealth of primary sources used. The article concludes by calling for assistance in furthering the work of the Liberal Democrat History Group. [Extracted from the article]

'Public' toilets are crucial to our social and geographical landscape, and access to them has become prominent in recent public and academic debates. Drawing on a qualitative study based on 25 daily diaries and follow-up interviews with people living with the common health condition irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), this paper explores toilet access through the lens of mundane mobilities. Planning journeys, mapping toilets, a reliance on commercial toilets and intersections with travel were key themes emerging from the study. Through the lens of IBS, we see how navigations of seemingly everyday mobilities are problematised through the bodily precarity of unpredictable symptoms intertwined with the availability, comfort and knowledge of 'public' toilets. This paper works at demonstrating the interdependency between everyday mobilities and toilet access. IBS offers a particularly useful insight in which the common but often hidden nature of the condition demonstrates the multiplicities of 'public' toilet access and how the unpredictability of access meets with, and is embodied, by those with the condition. This paper contributes to interdisciplinary toilet scholarship by engaging in mundane and embodied geographies and centralises toilets as a site of connection for those studying everyday mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Young people with learning disabilities use many digital technologies to undertake meaningful and social activities in their everyday lives. Understanding these digital activities is essential for supporting their digital participation. Including them in exploring their digital activities can be challenging with conventional qualitative research methods, because digital activities are a complex and abstract topic to discuss, particularly for people with learning disabilities. In this paper, we present the rationale for developing and using visual tangible artefacts (VTAs) to include young people with learning disabilities in exploring their digital activities. Methods: We devised a suite of VTAs to engage young people (aged 14–27 years) with learning disabilities in exploring their digital activities via interviews, diaries, and workshops. The VTAs comprised Talking Mats (TMs), probing with technology, digital snapshots and inspiration cards. Findings: Our significant methodological findings were that VTAs are useful for exploring digital activities with young people with learning disabilities. TMs and probing with technology can engage participants to map, recall and explain their digital activities. Digital snapshots are valuable for validating findings with participants, and inspiration cards aid perspectives about digital aims. Although communication and abstract representations can be challenging for people with learning disabilities, VTAs that combine familiar, simple, intuitive, individualised, rewarding elements and collaboration with participants proved valuable for exploring their digital activities. Conclusion: We concluded that VTAs are inclusive tools for exploring the digital activities of and with young people with learning disabilities. The VTAs allowed access to conversations, information and insights that are not obtainable otherwise. As such, the VTAs may be regarded as a new model for inclusive research in the field of disability and technology studies. Accessible summary: Digital technologies are widely used by young people with learning disabilities to talk to their friends and family, meet new friends and entertain themselves.These digital activities are complex and can be difficult to talk about.We developed methods to support conversations about digital activities with young people with learning disabilities.The paper gives examples of how the methods are used, why they are necessary and how they promote discussion of digital activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how solicited paper diaries, and the accompanying materials, are carefully handled over the course of one research project. It foregrounds the value of attending to mundane moments with research materials, by tracing tangible material encounters together with intimate fieldnote reflections. Through drawing upon theories of materiality with feminist and relational ethics of care, this article centralises paper diaries as a key mediator of relationships and care within research. It considers the micro processes of choosing diaries, posting them, receiving and storing them and tracing the emotionally charged moments as a researcher in everyday research situations. Such reflections, from the perspective of the researcher, look to offer insights into research relationalities and care. It argues that these momentary fieldwork reflections extend understandings of material methodologies by emphasising relational intimacies as a researcher and connects material and sensory understandings with feminist ethics of care and researcher reciprocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principles of narrative therapy imply that autobiographical diaries written by patients in treatment will not only facilitate but also elucidate progress. The relationship between the linguistic content of diaries and progress in treatment was examined in this study. Complete sets of daily diaries of ‘significant events’ written by 16 patients receiving treatment for drug, alcohol and food addictions at a residential centre, using the 12-step approach of the Anonymous fellowships, were typed up for analysis. Three forms of socio-linguistic enquiry were employed: narrative characterization; evaluative statement coding and computer analysis of word strategies. Results indicated that success in treatment as rated by counselling and psychiatric staff was associated with the following characteristics of diary narratives. They are (a) focused on individual progress, whether adopting a ‘positive interpretative’ or ‘negative reactive’ style; (b) less critical of self over time and more positive about others external to the treatment centre; (c) both positive about the treatment programme and critical of self; (d) using words indicative of ‘insight’ and ‘negativity’ as assessed by Pennebaker's LIWC programme. It is concluded that autobiographical material can usefully be employed to assess progress in treatment, and that its intrinsic value in effecting change should be further explored. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we contend that urban middle-class older Indians engaged in "serious leisure" as a way to reimagine and reconfigure the structure of everyday life during the pandemic-led epochal downtime. In particular, we heuristically show that leisure activity patterns and constraint negotiation strategies among older Indians followed conceptual semblances with the dominant leisure-based typology of Serious Leisure Perspective. By thematically analysing household surveys (n = 71), time-use diaries and in-depth interviews (n = 15) of middle to upper middle-class individuals (55–80 years), we show how both men and women distinguished between serious leisure that is marked by motivation, agency and perseverance with that of unstructured, routinized free-time (or causal leisure). Time-use diaries suggested that despite the changed realities of heightened domestic time available to both genders due to the pandemic, women recorded higher proportion of their daily hours in household management and caregiving. Although women were governed by moral-cultural self-descriptions in their engagement with leisure, it was often associated with an enhanced sense of self-actualisation, self-management and identity. Overall, we show how the social codes of age and gender were inextricably linked with the practice of leisure during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to understand urinary (UI) and fecal (FI) incontinence in adults with spina bifida (SB). As part of a larger 30-day prospective study to understand the incontinence in adults with SB (N = 89), participants completed end-of-day EMA diaries assessing the frequency and context of UI and FI. We used these data to assess the method feasibility across six dimensions: (a) compliance, or data entry which is consistent with study protocol and substantially complete; (b) reactivity, or behavior change attributed to study participation; (c) participant acceptability, or convenience and ease of method beneficial to compliance; (d) data capture, or the volume of incontinence behaviors collected; (e) the accuracy of incontinence reports; and f) participant-provided feedback for future studies. Participants were highly compliant with diary entry protocol and schedule: submitting 95.7% (2576/2700) of the expected total daily entries. The average completion time was two minutes. Neither the total number of submissions nor the completion time varied by demographic characteristics or health history. A sufficient volume of incontinence and affective outcomes were captured, with small downtrends in reporting of UI and affect over time. Exit survey recall was highly correlated with diary reports. Participants found the methodology to be acceptable, reported their experiences honestly, enjoyed and felt comfortable participating in the study and would engage in similar study in the future. Accurate information about the daily context of UI and FI is a key factor in the success of intervention or education programs relying on this information. Our findings demonstrate that EMA is a feasible way to describe UI and FI in adults with SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading the preface and foreword to Linda Hopkins and Steven Kuchuck's skilfully edited book, there is an instant feeling that it was nigh on miraculous that this book ever made it to publication. The diaries, which have been painstakingly edited, document Khan's years working as a psychoanalyst, editing and writing for various publications and working on papers with Winnicott. Diary of a Fallen Psychoanalyst: The Work Books of Masud Khan 1967-1972. [Extracted from the article]

Sleep is both a neurophysiological state and a biologically necessary behavior that performs a variety of indispensable roles for human health, development, and cognitive functioning. Despite this, comparatively little is known about the relationships between daily experiences and sleep features. Importantly, these relationships are bidirectional in nature, may be differently associated with subjectively and objectively assessed sleep, and may also be modulated by individual differences To address this challenge, we created the Budapest Sleep, Experiences, and Traits Study (BSETS), a multidisciplinary observational sleep study utilizing novel remote EEG devices. BSETS was designed to establish a dataset for future use in investigating the relationships between sleep features and daily experiences. In this paper we describe the protocol of the currently ongoing BSETS, which examines a community-dwelling sample of over 250 healthy participants who are studied in a naturalistic setting using a large questionnaire assessing psychological, demographic, and anthropometric information, as well as evening/morning diaries of sleep and daily experiences, and mobile EEG recordings over a period of 7 days. This dataset will become an accessible resource to the wider scientific community and can be utilized to investigate the complex multidirectional relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sleep, daily experiences, and individual differences, bestowing it with significant value for sleep researchers as well as practitioners working in clinical settings with patients suffering from disordered sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about differentiating the notion of cultural contact. Not every journey serves the exchange between different cultures when the travellers take on the role of an observer who does not or rarely interact with the observed, but rather projects his or her ideas and needs into them. Looking at the German authors Ernst Jünger and Edzard Schaper, the paper shows how this 'asymmetrical' cultural contact is realised in diaristic writings of both authors and what relationship of 'sentimental' observer and 'naïve' observed becomes visible in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of a group of extra care tenants, who, as novice internet users, began to maintain their social relationships online. Housing transitions in later life may jeopardise existing social relationships, leading to loneliness and social isolation. More recently, Covid-19 restrictions have limited familial face-to-face contact and wider social interactions. Thus, extra care tenants, who are not already online, may benefit from acquiring internet skills. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the participants' transition from novices to experienced internet users and the impact on their social relationships and sense of self. Design/methodology/approach: A longitudinal, hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted over eight months in two extra care housing schemes in north east England. Ten participants (56–98 years) with age-related physical, sensory and cognitive losses were recruited to the study. A series of semi-structured interviews and participant diaries captured the participants' experience as they developed internet skills and communicated online. Findings: All participants, including a blind individual, learnt to communicate online. Personalised adaptive strategies, peer support, training and management involvement facilitated internet uptake. Participants felt their social relationships were supported, and they regained biographical continuity, through being and feeling they belonged in the modern digital world. Originality/value: The online experiences of extra care tenants are rarely voiced. Their perceptions may assist others to engage online, maintaining social connections, which could otherwise be lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep diaries are the gold standard for subjective assessment of sleep variables in clinical practice. Digitization of sleep diaries is needed, as paper versions are prone to human error, memory bias, and difficulties monitoring compliance. Methods: 45 healthy eligible participants (Mage = 50.3 years, range 23–74, 56% female) were asked to use a sleep diary mobile app for 90 consecutive days. Univariate and bivariate analysis was used for group comparison and linear regression for analyzing reporting trends and compliance over time. Results: Overall compliance was high in the first two study months but tended to decrease over time (p < 0.001). Morning and evening diary entries were highly correlated (r = 0.932, p < 0.001) and participants significantly answered on average 4.1 days (95% CI [1.7, 6.6]) more often in the morning (M = 60.2, sd = 22.1) than evening ((M = 56.1, sd = 22.2), p < 0.001). Conclusion: Using a daily diary assessment in a longitudinal sleep study with a sleep diary delivered through a mobile application was feasible, and compliance in this study was satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that music brings back more vivid and emotional autobiographical memories than various other retrieval cues. However, such studies have often been low in ecological validity and constrained by relatively limited cue selection and predominantly young adult samples. Here, we compared music to food as cues for autobiographical memories in everyday life in young and older adults. In two separate four‐day periods, 39 younger (ages 18–34) and 39 older (ages 60–77) adults recorded their music‐ and food‐evoked autobiographical memories in paper diaries. Across both age groups, music triggered more frequent autobiographical memories, a greater proportion of involuntary memories, and memories rated as more personally important in comparison to food cues. Age differences impacted music‐ and food‐evoked memories similarly, with older adults consistently recalling older and less specific memories, which they rated as more positive, vivid, and rehearsed. However, young and older adults did not differ in the number or involuntary nature of their recorded memories. This work represents an important step in understanding the phenomenology of naturally occurring music‐evoked autobiographical memories across adulthood and provides new insights into how and why music may be a more effective trigger for personally valued memories than certain other everyday cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of the introduction in Primary and Secondary Education of a musical repertoire based on the musical preferences of the students. Starting from a socio-critical position and through an interpretative methodological process by means of a multi-case study, the aim is to analyse how the implementation of dialogical music gatherings affects classroom dynamics and whether this didactic strategy can facilitate a change towards a critical music education. Six cases are studied in six schools, both primary and secondary. The information was obtained from focus groups with students and researchers, research diaries, playlists and conversations held on a social network. After analysing the data, the focus is on a) what the students listen to and how this shapes their identity; b) the topics discussed after listening; c) the educational changes after the implementation of the tertulias and their strengths; and d) the difficulties encountered. This study is in line with some of the findings of previous research and can help teachers and researchers to open up more democratic, open, committed, reflective and critical educational-musical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching heterodox economics, under a feminist perspective, involves motivating students to add complexity to human nature, to critically reflect on the social nature of economic processes, and to recognize the coexistence of several models, challenging the mainstream idea of the existence of only one economic model, that of rational choice. This paper argues that the use of students' written diaries can serve as a useful feminist pedagogical tool for reaching these learning goals. Students' written diaries on daily consumption allow them to create a more inclusive learning environment engaging all students in 'practicing' economics and helping them to understand the implications of unrealistic theoretical hypotheses, empirically ascertaining that consumers' choices could not be explained as a process of optimization but as a social process where identities, social values and norms should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the role of sensory impressions in narratives of the everyday lives of prisoners in a concentration camp. I examine the narrative strategies in a diary and an early postwar memoir in the so-called Hungarian camp of Bergen–Belsen. I focus on how the survivors who produced these texts included references to sensory impressions in their accounts. By paying attention to mention in the survivors' narratives of the more neglected elements of human experience (such as hearing, taste, smell and touch), I consider the ways in which non-visual sensory impressions were used in the narratives to convey experiences, observations, and feelings. I argue that in their depictions of everyday life in the camp, these testimonies used references to changes in their sensory impressions to represent processes and subtle changes in the social lives of the prisoners, which created a discursive space for the authors to express their emotions. This paper also attempts to introduce the term 'sensory narratives' into Holocaust studies in an effort to move beyond interpretations of historical narratives as representations of bodies and to engage with them as accounts that were created by bodies, including the senses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transitions are critical periods that can lead to growth and, or, distress. Transitions are a sociocultural process, yet most approaches to transitions in practice and research do not explore the social or developmental aspects of entering a new training phase. Wenger reminds us that identity development is crucial when newcomers navigate change. In this paper, we use Wenger's modes of identification: engagement, imagination and alignment to explore students' identity development (as a student and professional) during the transition from pre‐clinical to clinical training. Methods: We enrolled nine 2nd‐year medical students who generated 61 entries comprising audio diary (or typed) reflections over 9 months (starting 3 months before clinical clerkships began) and interviewed them twice. We used research poems (transcripts reframed as poetry) to help construct a meaningful, emotive elicitation of our longitudinal data and analysed data using sensitising concepts from Wenger's modes of identification. Results: Students described their transition as a journey filled with positive and negative emotions and uncertainty about their current and future careers. Students navigated the transition using three mechanisms: (1) becoming more engaged through taking charge, (2) shaping their image of self through engagement and finding role models and (3) learning to flexibly adapt to clerkship norms by managing expectations and adopting a journey mindset. Conclusions: We successfully narrated students' identity formation during their transition to clinical training. We learned that students became more engaged over time by learning to take charge. They shaped their image of self by engaging in team activities and reflecting on role models. They learnt to adapt flexibly to clerkship norms by managing expectations and adopting a journey mindset. We suggest that institutions provide a safe opportunity for medical students to reflect, allowing students' transition periods to be lived, reflected on and supported. The authors showcase Wenger's three modes of identification (engagement, imagination, and alignment) as medical students transition to clinical training using longitudinal qualitative methods and research poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing evidence of capturing human experience in daily life using intensive longitudinal data obtained via daily diaries or experience sampling. These data offer a wide range of information regarding the dynamics of mental processes and behavior and how they unfold within individuals over time and within specific situations. The aim of this paper is to present the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in the context of mental health research and through selective examples explain the possibilities of how to use data for nomothetic and idiographic inferences and conclusions. This paper is not an exhaustive description of the ESM topic, but rather a brief overview of the emerging methods for capturing daily experience regarding psychopathology, its limitations and future perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]