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The differential diagnosis of benign nevi (BN), dysplastic nevi (DN), and melanomas (MM) represents a considerable clinical problem. These lesions are similar in clinical examination but have different prognoses and therapeutic management techniques. A texture analysis (TA) is a mathematical and statistical analysis of pixel patterns of a digital image. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the TA of digital images of pigmented lesions under polarized and non-polarized light and their histopathological diagnosis. Ninety pigmented lesions of 76 patients were included in this study. We obtained 166 regions of interest (ROI) images for MM, 166 for DN, and 166 for BN. The pictures were taken under polarized and non-polarized light. Selected image texture features (entropy and difference entropy and long-run emphasis) of ROIs were calculated. Those three equations were used to construct the texture index (TI) and bone index (BI). All of the presented features distinguish melanomas, benign and dysplastic lesions under polarized light very well. In non-polarized images, only the long-run emphasis moment and both indices effectively differentiated nevi from melanomas. TA is an objective method of assessing pigmented lesions and can be used in automatic diagnostic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]