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The elimination of hunger is the top concern for developing countries and is the key to maintain national stability and security. Paddy rice occupies an essential status in food supply, whose accurate monitoring is of great importance for human sustainable development. As one of the most important paddy rice production countries in the world, Thailand has a favorable hot and humid climate for paddy rice growing, but the growth patterns of paddy rice are too complicated to construct promising growth models for paddy rice discrimination. To solve this problem, this study proposes a large-scale paddy rice mapping scheme, which uses time-series Sentinel-1 data to generate a convincing annual paddy rice map of Thailand. The proposed method extracts temporal statistical features of the time-series SAR images to overcome the intra-class variability due to different management practices and modifies the U-Net model with the fully connected Conditional Random Field (CRF) to maintain the edge of the fields. In this study, 758 Sentinel-1 images that covered the whole country from the end of 2018 to 2019 were acquired to generate the annual paddy rice map. The accuracy, precision, and recall of the resultant paddy rice map reached 91%, 87%, and 95%, respectively. Compared to SVM classifier and the U-Net model based on feature selection strategy (FS-U-Net), the proposed scheme achieved the best overall performance, which demonstrated the capability of overcoming the complex cultivation conditions and accurately identifying the fragmented paddy rice fields in Thailand. This study provides a promising tool for large-scale paddy rice monitoring in tropical production regions and has great potential in the global sustainable development of food and environment management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underwater ghost imaging based on deep learning can effectively reduce the influence of forward scattering and back scattering of water. With the help of data-driven methods, high-quality results can be reconstructed. However, the training of the underwater ghost imaging requires enormous paired underwater datasets, which are difficult to obtain directly. Although the Cycle-GAN method solves the problem to some extent, the blurring degree of the fuzzy class of the paired underwater datasets generated by Cycle-GAN is relatively unitary. To solve this problem, a few-shot underwater image generative network method is proposed. Utilizing the proposed few-shot learning image generative method, the generated paired underwater datasets are better than those obtained by the Cycle-GAN method, especially under the condition of few real underwater datasets. In addition, to reconstruct high-quality results, an underwater deblurring ghost imaging method is proposed. The reconstruction method consists of two parts: reconstruction and deblurring. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed reconstruction method has better performance in deblurring at a low sampling rate, compared with existing underwater ghost imaging methods based on deep learning. The proposed reconstruction method can effectively increase the clarity degree of the underwater reconstruction target at a low sampling rate and promotes the further applications of underwater ghost imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient sampling strategy optimization method with high-quality FSPI reconstruction is implemented. • Numerical Simulations and experiments proved the effectiveness, which has advantages over deterministic sampling strategies. • The geometric topologies of the optimal sampling strategy for different categories of datasets are analyzed. • The geometric topologies of the optimal sampling strategy for different categories of datasets are summarized. • It provides subsequent for sampling strategy choice of Fourier single pixel imaging. It is necessary to artificially set the sampling strategy of Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI) to obtain more useful information of the image under the assumption that the image information is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency part of the spatial frequency domain. However, due to the empiricism sampling strategy, it is easy to sample the spatial frequencies with low contribution to image reconstruction, resulting in a waste of sampling resources. To solve this problem, a one-stage FSPI reconstruction network with sampling strategy optimization is designed to obtain the efficient sampling strategy and improve the reconstruction quality. The proposed one-stage FSPI reconstruction network contains the sampling strategy optimization module and reconstruction module, which are jointly trained to obtain high-quality reconstructed results and efficient sampling strategy simultaneously. Experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, the geometric topology of the optimal sampling strategy for FSPI reconstruction trained on various categories of datasets is summarized. It is found that the dataset with similar categories have the similar geometric topology of the optimal sampling strategy, which provides support for sampling strategy selection in subsequent Fourier single-pixel imaging studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]