10 results
Search Results
2. Two-Level Games and International Narcotics Control: Cooperation Between the United States and Mexico and Colombia, 1997-2000.
- Author
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Hinojosa, Victor
- Subjects
- *
DRUG control , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *NARCOTIC laws , *PRESIDENTS - Abstract
This paper comes out of a broader project entitled ?Two-Level Games and International Narcotics Control: Cooperation Between the United States and Mexico and Colombia, 1989-2000.? In the broader project, I examine how the United States handles narcotics control in its bilateral relationships with Mexico and Colombia during the presidential administration of George H.W. Bush and both William Clinton administrations. Working out of the ?two-level games? tradition associated with Robert Putnam, I seek to explain differences in cooperation across countries and across time by examining the interaction of domestic and international political processes. In so doing, I hope to contribute to the growing literature on this interaction as well as add theoretical and empirical rigor to the narcotics policy literature. In this paper I focus on the second Clinton administration and assess the degree of cooperation between the countries. I test three hypotheses consistent with the two-level games approach: strength of the president, timing of elections, and executive-legislative relations. I also address two alternative hypotheses: the ?interdependent? U.S.-Mexican relationship and the reputation of the Colombian president and probe their impact on narcotics control cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
3. Artificial intelligence, communication, and democracy in Latin America: a review of the cases of Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico.
- Author
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Barredo-Ibáñez, Daniel, De-la-Garza-Montemayor, Daniel-Javier, Torres-Toukoumidis, Ángel, and López-López, Paulo-Carlos
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *POLITICAL participation , *POLITICAL communication , *POLITICAL campaigns , *CIVIL disobedience , *DEMOCRACY - Abstract
The concept of algorithmic political communication has arisen through the joint development of propaganda and communication theories, as well as the findings of computer science. This is a field that generates results that amplify and extend to political communication, such as microsegmentation or automated diffusion of content; likewise, it produces some adverse effects that hinder citizen participation in the cybersphere. This paper presents a review of works published in three Latin American countries (Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico) with artificial intelligence, communication, and democracy as their constituent elements. The data come from a total of 206 documents, including reports from supranational organisms and associations, and publications in scientific journals indexed in databases such as Google Scholar and Scopus between 2011 and 2021. The selection criterion is based on the total or partial appearance of certain keywords, plus filters by relevance and impact factors. This systematic review is structured based along four axes that explain democracy according to Landman et al. (2009): electoral participation, participation of civil society, media integrity, and impartial administration. The main conclusions indicate that many of the practices in the studied countries are still at an incipient or experimental stage, with algorithmic political communication being used especially during electoral campaigns. Similarly, an increasing resistance from civil society to the influence of social networks is starting to be detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Political legitimacy in Mexico and police in high-conflict areas.
- Author
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Aguirre Ochoa, Jerjes and Leco Tomas, Casimiro
- Subjects
- *
POLICE legitimacy , *LEGITIMACY of governments , *POLITICAL participation , *ORGANIZATIONAL legitimacy , *MILITARY reserve forces , *SUBNATIONAL governments - Abstract
This paper analyzes the importance of political legitimacy in police actions in Mexico, especially in regions where criminal cartels build strategies that seek to justify their criminal activities through social and political actions that give them the legitimacy that the police lack on local and sub-national governments. The article observes aspects of legitimacy of the National Police of Colombia that can be applied to the Mexican case, specifically to the recently created Mexican National Guard. The analysis focuses on the municipalities of the so-called Tierra Caliente, Michoacana that exemplify the problems of political legitimacy and the difficulties that this implies for police activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Stability and change in public health studies in Colombia and Mexico: an exploratory approach based on co-word analysis.
- Author
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Vílchez-Román, Carlos and Quiliano-Terreros, Rocío
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Objective. To determine the level of stability or change in topic areas published by public health journals in Latin America and the Caribbean, using keywords and co-word analysis, in order to support evidence-based research planning. Methods. Keywords were extracted from papers indexed in Scopus® that were published by the Revista de Salud Pública (RSP; Colombia), the Salud Pública de México (SPM; Mexico), and the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP; Peru) for three periods: 2005 - 2007, 2008 - 2010, and 2011 - 2013. Co-word analysis was used to examine keywords extracted. Textual information was analyzed using centrality measures (inbetweenness and closeness). The hypothesis of stability/change of thematic coverage was tested using the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. VOSviewer was used to visualize the co-word maps. Results. A moderate level of change in thematic coverage was observed in 2005 -- 2010, as evidenced by the correlation coefficients for two of the 3-year periods, 2005 -- 2007 and 2008 -- 2010: 0.545 for RSP and 0.593 for SPM. However, in 2008 -- 2013, more keywords remained constant from one period to the next, given the size of the correlation coefficients for the last 3-year periods: 2008 -- 2010 and 2011 -- 2013: 0.727 for RSP and 0.605 for SPM. Conclusion. The research hypothesis was partially accepted given that just two consecutive 3-year periods showed a statistically-significant degree of stability in thematic coverage in public health studies. In that sense, this study provides compelling evidence of the effectiveness of using a combined approach for examining the dynamics of thematic coverage: centrality measures for identifying the main keywords and visual inspection for detecting the structure of textual information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
6. LOS EFECTOS DE LA POLÍTICA COMERCIAL: EL CASO DEL G-3 Y LA CUOTA DE IMPORTACIÓN EN EL MERCADO AUTOMOTRIZ COLOMBIANO.
- Author
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Restrepo-Cardona, Manuel Alejandro
- Subjects
- *
COMMERCIAL treaties , *AUTOMOBILE exports & imports , *COMMERCIAL policy , *COMMERCIAL law , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
This paper assesses the effects of the "Grupo de los Tres" (G-3) trade agreement in the Colombian automobile market. Assuming that demand might be described by a Discrete-Choice model, this paper develops a partial-equilibrium model in order to analyze the import quota of automobiles produced by the Mexican assemblers and its effects upon prices on the Colombian Automobile Sector. The results of this paper evidence that the quota reduced average market prices in no more than 3%, comparing the case without G-3. Likewise, the price in Mexican cars were reduced on 20%, but prices of domestic and other import cars were unaffected. Finally, There is evidence that the distribution of the price reduction among classes is independent of market-shares. Therefore, the import quota does not accomplish the goals of domestic policy-makers. These results are relevant in order to make trade policies in targeted industries and are useful for firms of the Automobile market when they undertake strategic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
7. Stability and change in public health studies in Colombia and Mexico: an exploratory approach based on co-word analysis.
- Author
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Vílchez-Román, Carlos and Quiliano-Terreros, Rocío
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL research , *RESEARCH , *STATISTICS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICAL significance , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Objective. To determine the level of stability or change in topic areas published by public health journals in Latin America and the Caribbean, using Keywords: and co-word analysis, in order to support evidence-based research planning. Methods. Keywords: were extracted from papers indexed in Scopus® that were published by the Revista de Salud Pública (RSP; Colombia), the Salud Pública de México (SPM; Mexico), and the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP; Peru) for three periods: 2005 - 2007, 2008 - 2010, and 2011 - 2013. Co-word analysis was used to examine keywords extracted. Textual information was analyzed using centrality measures (inbetweenness and closeness). The hypothesis of stability/change of thematic coverage was tested using the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. VOSviewer was used to visualize the co-word maps. Results. A moderate level of change in thematic coverage was observed in 2005 - 2010, as evidenced by the correlation coefficients for two of the 3-year periods, 2005 - 2007 and 2008 - 2010: 0.545 for RSP and 0.593 for SPM. However, in 2008 - 2013, more keywords remained constant from one period to the next, given the size of the correlation coefficients for the last 3-year periods: 2008 -- 2010 and 2011 - 2013: 0.727 for RSP and 0.605 for SPM. Conclusion. The research hypothesis was partially accepted given that just two consecutive 3-year periods showed a statistically-significant degree of stability in thematic coverage in public health studies. In that sense, this study provides compelling evidence of the effectiveness of using a combined approach for examining the dynamics of thematic coverage: centrality measures for identifying the main keywords and visual inspection for detecting the structure of textual information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. IS LATIN AMERICA OVERCOMING ITS FEAR OF FLOATING?
- Author
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Ibarra, Carlos A.
- Subjects
- *
FOREIGN exchange rates , *MARKET volatility - Abstract
This paper analyzes the evolution of fear of floating (FOF) and its effect on output in Chile, Colombia and Mexico. It shows that there has been a gradual rise in exchange-rate volatility as the period of floating lengthens in each country. The paper analyzes the implications of this evolution for the behavior of output. It finds that the reduction of FOF has tended to decrease output volatility in Chile. However, the opposite phenomenon has happened in Mexico, while the results for Colombia are ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
9. Beyond reified categories: multidimensional identifications among ‘black’ and ‘Indian’ groups in Columbia and Mexico.
- Author
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Ariel de Vidas, Anath and Hoffmann, Odile
- Subjects
- *
ETHNIC groups , *MULTICULTURALISM ,COLOMBIAN social conditions ,SOCIAL conditions in Mexico - Abstract
Analyses of multicultural state-dictated social categories are often governed by those same categories, even while they deconstruct them. Nonetheless, these categories are often used in public spheres such as national imaginary or ethno-political activism. Taking a different point of departure, that of representations rather than the categories themselves, the aim of our paper is to understand the modes of classification that are relevant among four populations in Colombia and Mexico who would, a priori, be categorized as ‘black’ or ‘Indian’. The daily reality of these groups indicates other possible internal, sometimes even intersecting, kinds of categorizations, which, far from naturalizing the ‘Indian’ and ‘black’ categories, in fact reveal place-based social identifications. These identifications seem closer to the everyday lives and practices of the people in question, and underscore the local conceptions of their presence and agency in a given spot. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Multinational Corporate Strategy in the Face of Host Country Nationalism: The Case of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey) in Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, 1917-1976.
- Author
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Bucheli, Marcelo and Aguilera, Ruth V.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *BUSINESS planning - Abstract
In the 1920s the Standard Oil Company faced the hostility of the left-wing Mexican Revolutionary government, which eventually expropriated the company's properties in 1938. As nationalist rhetoric increased before 1938 in Mexico, Standard Oil explored new fields in Colombia, a country ruled by the foreign- business-friendly, right-wing Conservative Party. The Colombian Conservative Party had given very generous concessions to foreign multinationals, and Standard wanted to couple this political climate with the potential of the Colombian oil fields. In contrast with Mexico, during the first three decades of the twentieth-century, Colombia had enjoyed remarkable political stability. Escaping from nationalism in Mexico, however, Standard Oil faced a different kind of nationalism in Colombia, as the Conservative government ceded to the pressure of the opposition union-friendly Liberal Party's demands. Finally, the right-wing government of Venezuela showed to be the friendliest one towards Standard. However, the company did not trust the stability of the dictatorship and off-shored its refining activities. The paper compares Standard Oil's reaction to growing nationalism in two different political environments, and the way this affected its corporate strategy in both countries. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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