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Background: Edentulous sites with limited horizontal tooth‐implant distance pose a challenge to clinicians. This case report describes root amputation of an adjacent compromised molar to maintain an optimal tooth‐implant distance Methods and Results: A 41‐year‐old female was referred for extraction and implant placement to replace her left, maxillary second premolar (#13), which had been diagnosed with a vertical root fracture. Extraction and ridge preservation of #13 was completed without complication. The 4‐month postsurgical clinical examination revealed a narrow mesial‐distal distance (5.69 mm) of the edentulous space (#13), which was influenced by the degree of divergence of the mesial buccal root of tooth #14. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis verified a periapical lesion on the mesial‐buccal root of tooth #14. The amputation of the endodontically compromised mesial‐buccal root of #14 was treatment planned to provide space and facilitate placement of a standard diameter implant without compromising the implant or adjacent teeth. Crestal bone levels were verified and maintained at the 1 year postoperative follow‐up. Conclusion: The findings of the case report demonstrate how root amputation of a compromised molar is an alternative solution for managing spatial limitations in contemporary implant dentistry. More studies are required to assess the reliability and long‐term success of this approach. Key points: Why is this case new information?There is insufficient evidence on the long‐term efficacy of narrow‐diameter implants. Clinical treatment guidelines are not sufficiently available.This paper presents an alternative approach to managing a specific scenario where mesial‐distance distance is limited using root amputation of an adjacent compromised tooth. What are the keys to successful management of this case?Comprehensive diagnosis and stringent case selectionMultidisciplinary treatment planningEvidence‐based decision making What are the primary limitations to success in this case?Very specific clinical application; adjacent compromised toothLong‐term follow up is required [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and related mental foramen (MF) and anterior loop (AL) morphometrics are important landmarks in medical and dental clinical applications. The main aim of this retrospective study to determine the morphometry of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) in a Jordanian population and to propose a new shape-pattern classification of the MIC. In addition, MF and AL morphometrics were determined. Carestream 3D imaging software was used on 100 Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) of a Jordanian population to determine the MF, AL and MIC morphometrics. The detection prevalence of the MIC was 96 %. The right and left MIC showed four distinct line patterns, proposed for the first time in this paper. The line-patterns were angular (L-line), straight (I-line), curved (V-line) and wavy (W-line), with a prevalence of 41 %, 19 %, 25.5 %, and 10.5 %, respectively. MF was detected in all mandibles with a round shape in 58 % of the images. The most common horizontal and vertical positions of the MF were H4 and H3 (73.5 %) and V3 and V2 (95 %), respectively. An accessory MF was detected in 14.5 % of the samples and was more prevalent in males and on the right side. AL was detected in 92.5 % of the samples and exhibited a pattern prevalence of 25.5 %, 40 % and 27 % for types I, II and III, respectively. Results revealed that asymmetry and gender differences between right and left MIC, MF, AL and AMF was seen in patient's mandibles. In conclusion, this is the first study to propose and show that Mandibular incisive canal exhibits four potential line patterns (L, I, V and W lines patterns). Gender and ethnic variations of the mandibular canal landmarks morphometrics of both right and left hemi-mandible are important to be acknowledged in learning anatomy and when planning or performing dental and medical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore and summarise the literature on the concept of 'clinical deterioration' as a nurse‐sensitive indicator of quality of care in the out‐of‐hospital context. Design: The scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Review and the JBI best practice guidelines for scoping reviews. Methods: Studies focusing on clinical deterioration, errors of omission, nurse sensitive indicators and the quality of nursing and midwifery care for all categories of registered, enrolled, or licensed practice nurses and midwives in the out‐of‐hospital context were included regardless of methodology. Text and opinion papers were also considered. Study protocols were excluded. Data Sources: Data bases were searched from inception to June 2022 and included CINAHL, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, EmCare, Maternity and Infant Care Database, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit Health and Society Database, JSTOR, Nursing and Allied Health Database, RURAL, Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Thirty‐four studies were included. Workloads, education and training opportunities, access to technology, home visits, clinical assessments and use of screening tools or guidelines impacted the ability to recognise, relay information and respond to clinical deterioration in the out‐of‐hospital setting. Conclusions: Little is known about the work of nurses or midwives in out‐of‐hospital settings and their recognition, reaction to and relay of information about patient deterioration. The complex and subtle nature of non‐acute deterioration creates challenges in defining and subsequently evaluating the role and impact of nurses in these settings. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: Further research is needed to clarify outcome measures and nurse contribution to the care of the deteriorating patient in the out‐of‐hospital setting to reduce the rate of avoidable hospitalisation and articulate the contribution of nurses and midwives to patient care. Impact: What Problem Did the Study Address?: Factors that impact a nurse's ability to recognise, relay information and respond to clinical deterioration in the out‐of‐hospital setting are not examined to date. What Were the Main Findings?: A range of factors were identified that impacted a nurse's ability to recognise, relay information and respond to clinical deterioration in the out‐of‐hospital setting including workloads, education and training opportunities, access to technology, home visits, clinical assessments, use of screening tools or guidelines, and avoidable hospitalisation. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Nurses and nursing management will benefit from understanding the factors that act as barriers and facilitators for effective recognition of, and responding to, a deteriorating patient in the out‐of‐hospital setting. This in turn will impact patient survival and satisfaction. Reporting Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Review guidelines guided this review. The PRISMA‐Scr Checklist (Tricco et al., 2018) is included as (supplementary file 1).Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study." No Patient or Public Contribution: Not required as the Scoping Review used publicly available information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and implementation strategies of telecare consultations in post-stroke nurse-led clinics. Background: Telecare consultations could be an alternative to conventional in-person consultations and improve continuity of care for stroke survivors following their discharge from hospital. Previous studies utilizing telecare consultations only focused on testing their clinical effectiveness on stroke survivors; the appropriateness and feasibility of adopting this new delivery modality in a real-world setting were not examined. Design: A Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation design will be adopted. Methods: Eligible stroke survivor participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (telecare consultation) or control group (usual in-person clinic consultation). Both groups will receive the same nursing intervention but delivered through different channels. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework will be used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and implementation outcomes. The primary outcome is the non-inferiority of the degree of disability between the two groups at 3 months into the intervention and at 3 months post-intervention. The paper complies with the SPIRIT guidelines for study protocols adapted for designing and reporting parallel group randomized trials. Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide key insights into the processes for implementing and adopting telecare consultations into long-term services for poststroke patients. Impact: This study contributes to the translation of telecare consultations for stroke survivors into real-life settings. If effective, this program may provide guidance for expanding telecare consultations to other post-stroke nurse-led clinics or to patients with other chronic diseases. Trial Registration: This study has been registered at clini caltr ials. gov (identifier: NCT05183672). Registered on 10 January 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With decades of pre‐clinical studies culminating in the recent clinical application of xenotransplantation, it would appear timely to provide recommendations for operationalizing oversight of xenotransplantation clinical trials. Ethical issues with clinical xenotransplantation have been described for decades, largely centering on animal welfare, the risks posed to the recipient, and public health risks posed by potential spread of xenozoonosis. Much less attention has been given to considerations relating to potentially elevated risks faced by those who may care for or otherwise have close contact with xenograft recipients. This paper examines the ethical and logistical issues raised by the potential exposure to xenozoonotic disease faced by close contacts of xenotransplant recipients—defined herein as including but not limited to caregivers, household contacts, and sexual partners—which warrants special attention given their increased risk of exposure to infection compared to the general public. We discuss implications of assent or consent by these close contacts to potentially undergo, along with the recipient, procedures for infection screening and possible quarantine. We then propose several options and recommendations for operationalizing oversight of xenotransplantation clinical trials that could account for and address close contacts' education on and agency regarding the risk of xenozoonosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As carbon monoxide has a broad spectrum of biological activities, its production by plasma is a significant advantage in medicine. This paper presents a comparative study of the CO production of two plasma jets: a MHz‐jet and a kHz‐jet. Both were fed with a helium gas with CO2 ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ admixture (0%–1%). CO was produced by CO2 ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ dissociation and its maximal concentration was hundreds of parts per million, which is safe for clinical applications. For the same specific energy input, the CO production was more efficient for the kHz‐jet than the MHz‐jet. Both had antibacterial properties on Escherichia coli, and the addition of CO2 ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ improved them for the MHz‐jet, while it reduced them for the kHz‐jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical laboratory is often evaluated for the volume of testing. However, it is undeniable that laboratory tests affect clinical decision-making and are included in many clinical guidelines, meaning their contribution to determining clinical outcomes. Therefore, the clinical laboratory professional has the task of enhancing laboratory tests by optimizing the request and reporting phase and addressing patient outcomes. This opinion paper, presenting practical examples of managing value-based health care in the clinical laboratory context, underlines the need to shift towards value-based management to optimize outcome-based health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents different studies related to a variety of internal medicines and respective illness that can be treated. These include the early warning score (EWS), which is considered a useful tool in detecting patients who deteriorate their clinical condition. Meanwhile, physicians should also address issues manifesting a poor vascular health. It also notes that benchmarking method have confounded the estimates of the treatment outcomes.

Cancer imposes a significant burden on patients, their families, and society, often affecting quality of life for years following initial diagnosis. Outcomes and quality of care for patients with cancer recently have come into question, emphasizing the need to understand the role of oncology nurses in ensuring the delivery of high-quality cancer care aimed at producing measurable and acceptable outcomes. This article describes patient outcomes that are amenable to nursing intervention (nursing-sensitive patient outcomes [NSPOs]) and the role of the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) in ensuring patients' ability to receive care that enables them to achieve the best outcomes. A focus on improving NSPOs allows us to "drive quality oncology care through clinical practice, research, education, and policy" (ONS, 2004c). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reference interval is probably the most widely used decision-making tool in clinical practice, with a modern use aiming at identifying wellness during health check and screening. Its use as a diagnostic tool is much less recognised and may be obsolete. The present study investigates the consequences of the new practice for the interpretation of prospective value, negative vs. positive, the probability of con- firming wellness, and number of false results based on selected strategy for reference interval establishment. Calculations assumed normalised Gaussian-distributed reference intervals with analytical variation set to zero and absolute accuracy. Also assumed is the independency of tests. Probability for no values out- side reference intervals in healthy subjects was calculated from the formula Pno outside = (1 - Psingle) and according to the formula for repeated testing: Pone outside = n × Psingle (1 - Psingle)n-1 etc. Here n is the number of tests performed and Psingle is the probability of one result outside reference limits with the general formula pi outside n- i = k × Psinglei (1 - Psingle)n-i , with k being the binominal coefficient and i the number outside the reference intervals. Use of the 99.9 centile for health checks will increase the probability for no false from 60% to 99% for 10 tests, and from 46% to 98% for 15 tests. The probability for one false-positive result in 10 tests in a panel can be reduced from 32% to 1% if the 99.9% centile is substituted for the 95% centile. For two in 10 tests, the probability can be reduced from 8% to below 0.1%. In both cases, selection of the 99.9% centile improves the diagnostic accuracy. Reference intervals are needed as a "true" negative reference for absence of disease, and should cover the 99.9% centile of the reference distribution of an analyte to avoid false positives. For this new use, it is critical that reference persons are absolutely normal without clinical, genetic and biochemical signs of the condition being investigated. However, reference intervals cannot substitute clinical decision limits for diagnosis and medical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite aggressive and innovative therapy, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) invariably relapse and die of their disease. New options for non- cytotoxic salvage therapy and additional therapeutic strategies are needed. Arsenic trioxide, an antitumour agent with a multifaceted mechanism of action, induces apoptosis in vitro in MM cell lines and freshly isolated cells from MM patients and, in preliminary studies, displayed clinical activity in patients with late-stage MM. A phase 2, multicentre, open-label study of arsenic trioxide was conducted in 24 MM patients; eight had relapsed and 16 were refractory to prior therapy. Patients received arsenic trioxide 025 mg/kg/d for 5 d/week during the first 2 weeks of each 4-week cycle. Sixteen patients had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and one required antibiotics. Reductions (25% or more) in serum M-protein levels occurred in eight of 24 (33%) patients. An additional six (25%) patients had stable disease. The median time to response was 675 d, with a median duration of response of 130 d. Arsenic trioxide therapy lowered serum creatinine levels in two patients with high baseline values. These data indicate that arsenic trioxide is active and reasonably well tolerated as a single-agent salvage therapy, even in patients with late-stage, relapsed and refractory MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain data on patient demographics, clinical practices, and long-term outcomes for patients with chronic low back pain treated with implantable drug-delivery systems. The National Outcomes Registry for Low Back Pain collected data at baseline, trialing, implant (or decision not to implant), and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Data were collected at all time points, regardless of implant status. Numeric pain ratings and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability scores from implanted patients were compared among baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Patients were also asked to rate their quality of life and satisfaction with the therapy. Thirty-six physicians enrolled 166 patients to be trialed for drug-delivery systems. The trialing success rate was 93% (154 patients). In all, 136 patients (82%) were implanted. In the implant group, numeric pain ratings dropped by more than 47% for back pain and more than 31% for leg pain at the 12-month follow-up. More than 65% of implanted patients reduced their Oswestry scores by at least one level at their 12-month follow-ups compared with baseline. At 12-month follow-ups, 80% of implanted patients were satisfied with their therapy and 87% said they would undergo the procedure again. Current clinical practices related to trialing of drug-delivery systems resulted in the majority of patients successfully trialed. At 12-month follow-ups, implanted patients experienced reductions in numeric back and leg pain ratings, improved Oswestry scores, and high satisfaction with the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee (CTMC) composes a summary of new and important advances in transfusion medicine (TM) on an annual basis. Since 2018, this has been assembled into a manuscript and published in Transfusion. Study design and methods: CTMC members selected original manuscripts relevant to TM that were published electronically and/or in print during calendar year 2022. Papers were selected based on perceived importance and/or originality. References for selected papers were made available to CTMC members to provide feedback. Members were also encouraged to identify papers that may have been omitted initially. They then worked in groups of two to three to write a summary for each new publication within their broader topic. Each topic summary was then reviewed and edited by two separate committee members. The final manuscript was assembled by the first and senior authors. While this review is extensive, it is not a systematic review and some publications considered important by readers may have been excluded. Results: For calendar year 2022, summaries of key publications were assembled for the following broader topics within TM: blood component therapy; infectious diseases, blood donor testing, and collections; patient blood management; immunohematology and genomics; hemostasis; hemoglobinopathies; apheresis and cell therapy; pediatrics; and health care disparities, diversity, equity, and inclusion. Discussion: This Committee Report reviews and summarizes important publications and advances in TM published during calendar year 2022, and maybe a useful educational tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourette Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition that is distinguished by the presence of repeated and involuntary movements and vocalizations, which are referred to as tics. One of the hallmarks of Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the impact of comorbidities in TS. The research seeks to enhance understanding about comorbid conditions that complicate the clinical presentation and management of TS, leading to increased symptom severity, functional impairment, and reduced treatment response. Moreover, the bidirectional relationship between TS and comorbidities exacerbates the burden on affected individuals and their families. Recent studies have shown that TS and other neurodevelopmental diseases have similar genetic backgrounds and risk factors, which ultimately result in similar neuropathological changes. Integrating multidisciplinary approaches that address both TS and associated comorbidities is essential for optimizing clinical care and enhancing long-term outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions that effectively address the complex needs of patients with TS and comorbidities. This paper highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing comorbidities in the comprehensive management of Tourette Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about how adverse events are summarised and reported in trials, as detailed information is usually considered confidential. We have acquired clinical study reports (CSRs) from the European Medicines Agency through the Freedom of Information Act. The CSRs describe the results of studies conducted as part of the application for marketing authorisation for the slimming pill orlistat. The purpose of this study was to study how adverse events were summarised and reported in study protocols, CSRs, and published papers of orlistat trials.Methods and Findings: We received the CSRs from seven randomised placebo controlled orlistat trials (4,225 participants) submitted by Roche. The CSRs consisted of 8,716 pages and included protocols. Two researchers independently extracted data on adverse events from protocols and CSRs. Corresponding published papers were identified on PubMed and adverse event data were extracted from this source as well. All three sources were compared. Individual adverse events from one trial were summed and compared to the totals in the summary report. None of the protocols or CSRs contained instructions for investigators on how to question participants about adverse events. In CSRs, gastrointestinal adverse events were only coded if the participant reported that they were "bothersome," a condition that was not specified in the protocol for two of the trials. Serious adverse events were assessed for relationship to the drug by the sponsor, and all adverse events were coded by the sponsor using a glossary that could be updated by the sponsor. The criteria for withdrawal due to adverse events were in one case related to efficacy (high fasting glucose led to withdrawal), which meant that one trial had more withdrawals due to adverse events in the placebo group. Finally, only between 3% and 33% of the total number of investigator-reported adverse events from the trials were reported in the publications because of post hoc filters, though six of seven papers stated that "all adverse events were recorded." For one trial, we identified an additional 1,318 adverse events that were not listed or mentioned in the CSR itself but could be identified through manually counting individual adverse events reported in an appendix. We discovered that the majority of patients had multiple episodes of the same adverse event that were only counted once, though this was not described in the CSRs. We also discovered that participants treated with orlistat experienced twice as many days with adverse events as participants treated with placebo (22.7 d versus 14.9 d, p-value < 0.0001, Student's t test). Furthermore, compared with the placebo group, adverse events in the orlistat group were more severe. None of this was stated in the CSR or in the published paper. Our analysis was restricted to one drug tested in the mid-1990s; our results might therefore not be applicable for newer drugs.Conclusions: In the orlistat trials, we identified important disparities in the reporting of adverse events between protocols, clinical study reports, and published papers. Reports of these trials seemed to have systematically understated adverse events. Based on these findings, systematic reviews of drugs might be improved by including protocols and CSRs in addition to published articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We have developed a simple, rapid, and low-cost “paper-bridged” method for Salmonella phase reversal. More than 3500 isolates were tested in our laboratory, and the results indicated that this paper-bridged method is a useful alternative for phase reversal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Provides a brief overview of the skills required to critically and rapidly review a paper in order to determine its academic credibility and worth. Clinical trials; Review paper; Survey paper; Diagnostic or screening tests; Qualitative studies.

The multimodal and multidomain registration of medical images have gained increasing recognition in clinical practice as a powerful tool for fusing and leveraging useful information from different imaging techniques and in different medical fields such as cardiology and orthopedics. Image registration could be a challenging process, and it strongly depends on the correct tuning of registration parameters. In this paper, the robustness and accuracy of a landmarks-based approach have been presented for five cardiac multimodal image datasets. The study is based on 3D Slicer software and it is focused on the registration of a computed tomography (CT) and 3D ultrasound time-series of post-operative mitral valve repair. The accuracy of the method, as a function of the number of landmarks used, was performed by analysing root mean square error (RMSE) and fiducial registration error (FRE) metrics. The validation of the number of landmarks resulted in an optimal number of 10 landmarks. The mean RMSE and FRE values were 5.26 ± 3.17 and 2.98 ± 1.68 mm, respectively, showing comparable performances with respect to the literature. The developed registration process was also tested on a CT orthopaedic dataset to assess the possibility of reconstructing the damaged jaw portion for a pre-operative planning setting. Overall, the proposed work shows how 3D Slicer and registration by landmarks can provide a useful environment for multimodal/unimodal registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer, being the most widespread and lethal form of cancer globally, has a high incidence and mortality rate primarily attributed to challenges associated with early detection, extensive metastasis, and frequent recurrence. In the context of lung cancer development, noncoding RNA molecules have a crucial role in governing gene expression and protein synthesis. Specifically, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), a subset of noncoding RNAs, exert significant biological influences on cancer progression, encompassing transcription and translation processes as well as epigenetic regulation. This article primarily examines the mechanisms by which tRFs modulate gene expression and contribute to tumorigenesis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current bioinformatics analysis of tRFs in lung cancer, with the objective of offering a systematic and efficient approach for studying the expression profiling, functional enrichment, and molecular mechanisms of tRFs in this disease. Finally, we discuss the clinical significance and potential avenues for future research on tRFs in lung cancer. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of the existing research findings on tRFs in lung cancer, aiming to offer improved biomarkers and drug targets for clinical management of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is a conceptual framework to improve the value of healthcare by health, care-process and economic outcomes. Benchmarking should provide useful information to identify best practices and therefore a good instrument to improve quality across healthcare organizations. This paper aims to provide a proof-of-concept of the feasibility of an international VBHC benchmarking in breast cancer, with the ultimate aim of being used to share best practices with a data-driven approach among healthcare organizations from different health systems. Methods In the VOICE community—a European healthcare centre cluster intending to address VBHC from theory to practice—information on patient-reported, clinical-related, care-process-related and economic-related outcomes were collected. Patient archetypes were identified using clustering techniques and an indicator set following a modified Delphi was defined. Benchmarking was performed using regression models controlling for patient archetypes and socio-demographic characteristics. Results Six hundred and ninety patients from six healthcare centres were included. A set of 50 health, care-process and economic indicators was distilled for benchmarking. Statistically significant differences across sites have been found in most health outcomes, half of the care-process indicators, and all economic indicators, allowing for identifying the best and worst performers. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first international experience providing evidence to be used with VBHC benchmarking intention. Differences in indicators across healthcare centres should be used to identify best practices and improve healthcare quality following further research. Applied methods might help to move forward with VBHC benchmarking in other medical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earlier and more accurate diagnosis of ischemic stroke is crucial in enhancing the therapeutic outcome for patients. CT technology currently stands as the most rapid diagnostic modality in clinical medicine. Due to the diverse and complex shape of ischemic stroke lesions, accurate segmentation remains a challenging task for automated diagnosis systems. This paper, proposes an ischemic stroke lesion segmentation network, LiU-Net. It based on KiU-Net, which improves network performance and is more suitable for practical lesion segmentation applications. Firstly, KiU-Net combines the undercomplete network U-Net and the overcomplete network Kite-Net. It can simultaneously learn both image detail features and global structural features. Secondly, LiU-Net combines the axial self-attention module with KiU-Net. The introduction of attention can make the network achieve both segmentation accuracy and efficiency. In addition, to improve the flexibility of axial self-attention, a gate factor is introduced within the module to encode information about spatial structure of image. Finally, to address the issue of gradient vanishing, we incorporated residual connection into the network to bolster the feature maps at each depth level and facilitate effective cross depth feature integration. Since there are few publicly available datasets of CT images of ischemic stroke in medical images. We applied to Longcheng District People's Hospital, and processed the obtained images to form a dataset of ischemic stroke. The experimental results shown, LiU-Net is more accurate in segmenting different shapes of ischemic stroke lesions. Compared with KiU-Net, LiU-Net improves the Dice, Acc, and mIoU metrics by 2.44%, 3.4%, and 3.89% respectively. Therefore, LiU-Net is highly suitable for ischemic stroke lesion segmentation, and effectively assist computers in this task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interest in 3D printing for orthopedic surgery has been increasing since its progressive adoption in most of the hospitals around the world. The aim of the study is to describe all the current applications of 3D printing in patients undergoing hip surgery of any type at the present time. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic narrative review of publications indexed in MedLine through the search engine PubMed, with the following parameters: 3D printing AND (orthopedics OR traumatology) NOT tissue engineering NOT scaffold NOT in vitro and deadline 31 July 2023. After reading the abstracts of the articles, papers were selected according to the following criteria: full text in English or Spanish and content related to hip surgery. Those publications involving experimental studies (in vitro or with anatomical specimens) or 3D printing outside of hospital facilities as well as 3D-printed commercial implants were excluded. Results are presented as a reference guide classified by disease, including the used software and the steps required for the development of the idea. Results: We found a total of 27 indications for in-house 3D printing for hip surgery, which are described in the article. Conclusions: There are many surgical applications of 3D printing in hip surgery, most of them based on CT images. Most of the publications lack evidence, and further randomized studies should be encouraged to assess the advantages of these indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deployed surgical teams work together to perform time-critical damage control resuscitation However, the team often includes members who have never worked together or in the field A successful team can rapidly acquire knowledge of their clinical environment and each other In this paper, we explain how Immediate Action Drills (IADs) for the operating theatre department (OTD) can be used to orient individual clinicians to the field and how collective training in these drills can maximise the safety and efficiency of the surgical team [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most victims of physical violence sooner or later will access a hospital or medical cabinet because of that violence, and in particular emergency departments (EDs). This paper aims to analyze the performance of emergency ward clinicians in the forensic management of such victims by examining the activities carried out and the data reported. A total of 991 medical records were extrapolated from the database of the ED of the Policlinico of Milan in an average pre-pandemic 1-year activity. For each medical record, 16 parameters were analyzed in-depth including epidemiological data, information on the type of violent actions, injuries, and time between the infliction of the lesion and access to the ED. In the vast majority of cases, all the actions with medicolegal implications had been neglected by health professionals causing loss of data not only for the justice system but especially for correctly interpreting what happened and taking appropriate measures to protect the patient/victim. Hence, given that clinicians in EDs are busy with non-forensic clinical tasks (and rightly so), it should be ensured that there be specific forensic clinical personnel. However, it is crucial that when unfortunately there can be no forensic staff, at least the clinicians who work in the ED are properly trained to correctly apply essential medicolegal measures. Overall, timely and informed medical and forensic intervention is possible and necessary for the improvement and maintenance of the mental and physical health of victims of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centipeda minima is a traditional Chinese medicine with wide applications and diverse pharmacological effects. Scholars have conducted extensive studies on its relevant clinical applications, especially its remarkable efficacy in cancer treatment. This paper thoroughly investigates the chemical composition and identification, pharmacological effects, and toxicity, along with the safety of Centipeda minima, so as to lay the foundation for corresponding clinical applications and product development. Furthermore, as global scholars have conducted extensive research on such clinical applications and made significant progress, the future development and utilization of Centipeda minima's active ingredients to create novel drugs are of great clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral and maxillofacial diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which not only seriously affect the health of patients' oral and maxillofacial tissues, but also bring serious economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial diseases require effective treatment. Traditional treatments have limited effects. In recent years, nature exosomes have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to diagnose and treat diseases. However, the application of nature exosomes is limited due to low yield, high impurities, lack of targeting, and high cost. Engineered exosomes can be endowed with better comprehensive therapeutic properties by modifying exosomes of parent cells or directly modifying exosomes, and biomaterial loading exosomes. Compared with natural exosomes, these engineered exosomes can achieve more effective diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillary system diseases, and provide reference and guidance for clinical application. This paper reviews the engineering modification methods of exosomes and the application of engineered exosomes in oral and maxillofacial diseases and looks forward to future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Existing research on health equity falls short of identifying a comprehensive set of indicators for measurement across health systems. Health systems in the ASEAN region, in particular, lack a standardised framework to assess health equity. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to measure health equity in the ASEAN region and highlights current gaps in data availability according to its indicator components. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to map out a core set of indicators to evaluate health equity at the health system level. Secondary data collection was subsequently conducted to assess current data availability for ASEAN states in key global health databases, national health accounts, and policy documents. Results: A robust framework to measure health equity was developed comprising 195 indicators across Health System Inputs and Processes, Outputs, Outcomes, and Contextual Factors. Total indicator data availability equated to 72.9% (1423/1950). Across the ASEAN region, the Inputs and Processes sub-component of Health Financing had complete data availability for all indicators (160/160, 100%), while Access to Essential Medicine had the least data available (6/30, 20%). Under Outputs and Outcomes, Coverage of Selected Interventions (161/270, 59.63%) and Population Health (350/350, 100%) respectively had the most data available, while other indicator sub-components had little to none (≤ 38%). 72.145% (384/530) of data is available for all Contextual Factors. Out of the 10 ASEAN countries, the Philippines had the highest data availability overall at 77.44% (151/195), while Brunei Darussalam and Vietnam had the lowest data availability at 67.18% (131/195). Conclusions: The data availability gaps highlighted in this study underscore the need for a standardised framework to guide data collection and benchmarking of health equity in ASEAN. There is a need to prioritise regular data collection for overlooked indicator areas and in countries with low levels of data availability. The application of this indicator framework and resulting data availability analysis could be conducted beyond ASEAN to enable cross-regional benchmarking of health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Reports of patients with hepatitis B have highlighted associations between polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DPB1, CXCL13, and CXCR5 genes and disease pathology. Owing to its potential to contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, we aimed to establish a reliable host genome analysis technique that can be used in countries with inadequate infrastructure. Method: We compared multiple commercially available kits for dried blood spot (DBS)‐based sample collection to develop a basic DBS‐based host genome analysis technique. We then collected blood samples from Cambodian patients with hepatitis B and performed single‐nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and HLA allele typing by the DBS system. Result: We were able to perform single‐nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and HLA allele typing with host DNA samples obtained using a combination of a HemaSpot™ filter paper‐based device and a SMITEST® EX‐R&D DNA extraction kit. The accuracy of genotyping using samples obtained by this method was not inferior to one using samples obtained by venipuncture. In the Cambodian population, significant associations of HLA‐DPB1*04:01 with protection against chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and HLA‐DPB1*05:01 and HLA‐DPB1*13:01 with susceptibility to chronic HBV infection were identified. Conclusion: Based on the DBS system, we clarified the associations of HLA‐DPB1 alleles with chronic HBV infection in the Cambodian population for the first time. Because the DBS is a low‐cost, durable, transportable, and easy‐to‐handle modality, genetic analysis based on the DBS system is a feasible strategy for obtaining a deeper understanding of HBV epidemiology, especially in middle‐ or low‐income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perforator flaps have become a popular option for soft tissue reconstruction due to their ability to provide pliable and durable coverage without the donor site morbidities of more traditional "workhorse" pedicled and free musculocutaneous flaps. Over the last several years, the medial sural artery perforator flap has been increasingly employed as a reconstructive option in both head and neck surgery and for coverage of extremity defects. The goal of this paper is to review the anatomy of the medial sural artery flap through cadaveric study and highlight the utility of this reconstructive option over other more traditional options including the anterolateral thigh flap and radial forearm free flap through the treatment of several extremity defects at our institution in both pedicled and free tissue transfer. Methods: Four cadaveric lower extremities were dissected and the pedicle of the medial sural artery flap evaluated. Three clinical cases involving lower extremity reconstruction with the medial sural artery perforator flap at our institution were reviewed. Results: Four cadaveric specimens with medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap dissected were evaluated for pedicle length (11–16.5 cm) and diameter (2–5 mm). Three clinical cases are described highlighting the utility of this reconstructive method. Conclusions: Through our clinical implementation and cadaveric dissection, the MSAP flap was demonstrated to be a thin and pliable perforator option for reconstruction of the lower extremity in both pedicled and free fashion without significant sacrifice of pedicle length or donor skin paddle diameter. Advantages over more traditional "workhorse" flaps are highlighted. Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the Chinese guidelines for lipid management (2023), evolocumab in combination with statins was recommended as secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, because of the variation in the price of evolocumab and its different methods of confirming clinical efficacy, it was necessary to explore its economics and the impact of different methods of confirming efficacy on its economic studies. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to assess the cost-effectiveness of evolocumab with statins versus statins alone for patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in China and to investigate the impact of different clinical effectiveness modeling approaches on economic outcomes. Methods: A Markov cohort state-transition model was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) based on Chinese observational data on cardiovascular event rates, efficacy from the Asian subgroup of the FOURIER trial, cost and utility from the Chinese Yearbook of Health Statistics, health insurance data, and published studies conducted in China. This study conducted subgroup analyses for different populations and dosing regimens; sensitivity analyses for parameters such as cost, utility, and cardiovascular event rates; and scenario analyses on hospital hierarchy, time horizon, starting age, and price for statins. Results: ICERs ranged from 27423 to 214777 Chinese yuan(CNY) per QALY gained, all below the willingness-to-pay threshold of CNY 257094. Only when the time horizon became small, the ICERs were greater than the willingness-to-pay. The probabilities that adding evolocumab to statins was cost-effective ranged from 76 to 98%. When the time horizon became small, i.e. evolocumab was discontinued before the age of 75 (after conversion), the corresponding ICERs were almost always greater than the willingness-to-pay. ICERs for modelling approaches based on clinical endpoints were 1.34 to 1.95 times higher than ICERs for modelling approaches based on reduced LDL-C levels. Conclusions: From the Chinese healthcare and private payer perspectives, adding evolocumab to statin therapy in AMI patients is more likely to be a cost-effective treatment option at the current list price of CNY 283.8. However, evolocumab may not be cost-effective if used for shorter periods of time. The results based on different clinical effectiveness modeling approaches were significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trib. Lorantheae is one of the important medicinal plants in traditional medicine. There are 41 genera. 6 genera of which are produced in China, mainly distributed in Southwest China. South China and Central South China. There ar«-many kinds of plants in this family, and 22 species can be used as Chinese medicinal materials in China. The branches and leaves of Trib. Lorantheae are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids. polysaccharides. organic acids and other functional substances. among which flavonoids are one of the important chemical components to exert pharmacological activity. and play an important role in hypoglycemic. lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory. anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-osteoporosis and so on. In this paper, the chemical composition, extraction method, component analysis and pharmacological action of flavonoids in Trib. Lorantheae plants were reviewed. in order to provide scientific reference for further development and clinical application of flavonoids in Trib. Lorantheae plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wedelolide is a coumarin-like active substance extracted from Ecliptae Herba. It not only has pharmacological effects of anti-pulmo- nary fihosis, anti-arthritis, blood vessel protection and liver protection, but also effectively inhibits the poliferation of cancer cells and induces apoptosis of cancer cells, thereby delaying the further development of malignant tumors. In this paper, the pharmacological effects and mecha- nisms of wedelactone were reviewed to lay a foundation for further study and clinical application of wedelactone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mongolian medicine and traditional Chinese medicine have different interpretations of Bistortae Rhizoma, including its name, nature and taste, function and efficacy. This paper sorted out the related application of Chinese and Mongolian medicine from the records of Materia Medica. The chemical components and pharmacological effects of Bistortae Rhizoma were summarized to provide a reference for the clinical application of Bistortae Rhizoma in traditional Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine, and for the better development and utilization of national medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of clinical practice education is to develop the ability to apply theoretical knowledge in a clinical setting and to foster growth as a professional healthcare provider. One effective method of achieving this is through the utilization of Standardized Patients (SP) in education, which familiarizes students with real patient interviews and allows educators to assess their clinical performance skills. However, SP education faces challenges such as the cost of hiring actors and the shortage of professional educators to train them. In this paper, we aim to alleviate these issues by utilizing deep learning models to replace the actors. We employ the Conformer model for the implementation of the AI patient, and we develop a Korean SP scenario data generator to collect data for training responses to diagnostic questions. Our Korean SP scenario data generator is devised to generate SP scenarios based on the provided patient information, using pre-prepared questions and answers. In the AI patient training process, two types of data are employed: common data and personalized data. The common data are employed to develop natural general conversation skills, while personalized data, from the SP scenario, are utilized to learn specific clinical information relevant to a patient's role. Based on these data, to evaluate the learning efficiency of the Conformer structure, a comparison was conducted with the Transformer using the BLEU score and WER as evaluation metrics. Experimental results showed that the Conformer-based model demonstrated a 3.92% and 6.74% improvement in BLEU and WER performance compared to the Transformer-based model, respectively. The dental AI patient for SP simulation presented in this paper has the potential to be applied to other medical and nursing fields, provided that additional data collection processes are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BCI devices are increasingly being used to create interactive interfaces between users and their own psychophysiological signals. Over the years, these systems have seen strong development as they can enable people with limited mobility to make certain decisions to alter their environment. Additionally, their portability and ease of use have allowed a field of research to flourish for the study of cognitive and emotional processes in natural settings. The study of creativity, especially little creativity (little-c), is one example, although the results of this cutting-edge research are often poorly systematized. The purpose of the present paper, therefore, was to conduct a scoping review to describe and systematize the various studies that have been conducted on the application potential of BCI to the field of creativity. Twenty-two papers were selected that collect information on different aspects of creativity, including clinical applications; art experience in settings with high ecological validity; BCI for creative content creation, and participants' engagement. Critical issues and potentialities of this promising area of study are also presented. Implications for future developments towards multi-brain creativity settings and C2 are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum (Pt) drugs have developed rapidly in clinical applications because of their broad and highly effective antitumor effects. In recent years, with the rapid development of immunotherapy, Pt-based antitumor agents have gained new challenges and opportunities. Since the discovery of their pharmacological effects in immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment regulation, research into Pt drugs has progressed to multi-ligand and multi-functional Pt precursors and their own shortcomings have been further highlighted. With the development of antitumor immunotherapy and the rise of combination therapy, the development of Pt-based drugs has started to move in the direction of multi-targeting, nanocarrier modification, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we first overview the recent applications of Pt-based drugs in antitumor inorganic chemistry, with a focus on summarizing the application of Pt-based drugs and their precursors in the anticancer immune response. The paper also provides a reasonable outlook on the future development of Pt-based drugs from the chemical and immunological perspectives, relying on the existing content and problems of Pt-based drug development. On the basis of the gathered information, joint multidisciplinary programs on implementing comprehensive immune analyses for the future development of novel anticancer metal compounds should be initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By consulting the ancient Chinese medicine classics and analyzing the theoretical connotation of “strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” and “removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi”, this paper explores the similarities and differences between “strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” and “removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi” in the treatment of malignant tumors. “Strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” and “removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi” are both based on “vital qi” and “ toxin”, which are the two bases of tumor growth and prognosis. “ Strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” emphasizes strengthening vital qi, correcting deviation, and dispersing toxin, and takes “strengthening vital qi” as the priority. The specific method include nourishing yin and warming yang, regulating qi and dispersing depression, and invigorating the spleen and kidney. “ Removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi ” pays attention to removing toxicity, eliminating pathogens, and recuperating health, with the key objective being “ removing toxicity”. The specific method include attacking excessive pathogens, finding the cause and removing toxicity, and using toxic medicines to enhance the effects on tumors. Through the application of clinical events, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the two methods, providing new ideas for clinical tumor treatment, which is of great guiding significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most common clinical pathogens and a typical multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. With the increase of drug-resistant A. baumannii infections, it is urgent to find some new treatment strategies, such as phage therapy. In this paper, we described the different drug resistances of A. baumannii and some basic properties of A. baumannii phages, analyzed the interaction between phages and their hosts, and focused on A. baumannii phage therapies. Finally, we discussed the chance and challenge of phage therapy. This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of A. baumannii phages and theoretical support for the clinical application of A. baumannii phages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper concentrates on the solitary waves that are retrievable from the generalized Boussinesq equation. The numerical simulations are displayed in the paper that gives a visual perspective to the model studied in neurosciences. The Laplace–Adomian decomposition scheme makes this visualization of the solitons possible. The numerical simulations are being reported for the first time using an elegant approach. The results would be helpful for neuroscientists and clinical studies in Medicine. The novelty lies in the modeling that is successfully conducted with an impressively small error measure. In the past, the model was integrated analytically only to recover soliton solutions and its conserved quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate changes in the role of academics and the sources of funding for the medical research cited most frequently over the past decade. Design Database analysis. Data sources Web of Knowledge database. Methods For each year from 1994 to 2003, articles in the domain of clinical medicine that had been cited most often by the end of 2004 were identified. Changes in authors' affiliations and funding sources were evaluated. Results Of the 289 frequently cited articles, most had at least one author with a university (76%) or hospital (57%) affiliation, and the proportion of articles with each type of affiliation was constant over time. Government or public funding was most common (60% of articles), followed by industry (36%). The proportion of most frequently cited articles funded by industry increased over time (odds ratio 1.17 per year, P = 0.001) and was equal to the proportion funded by government or public sources by 2001. 65 of the 77 most cited randomised controlled trials received funding from industry, and the proportion increased significantly over time (odds ratio 1.59 per year, P = 0.003). 18 of the 32 most cited trials published after 1999 were funded by industry alone. Conclusion Academic affiliations remain prominent among the authors of the most frequently cited medical research. Such research is increasingly funded by industry, often exclusively so. Academics may be losing control of the clinical research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to review and evaluate the most relevant scientific studies about deep learning (DL) models in the omics field. It also aims to realize the potential of DL techniques in omics data analysis fully by demonstrating this potential and identifying the key challenges that must be addressed. Numerous elements are essential for comprehending numerous studies by surveying the existing literature. For example, the clinical applications and datasets from the literature are essential elements. The published literature highlights the difficulties encountered by other researchers. In addition to looking for other studies, such as guidelines, comparative studies, and review papers, a systematic approach is used to search all relevant publications on omics and DL using different keyword variants. From 2018 to 2022, the search procedure was conducted on four Internet search engines: IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. These indexes were chosen because they offer enough coverage and linkages to numerous papers in the biological field. A total of 65 articles were added to the final list. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified. Of the 65 publications, 42 are clinical applications of DL in omics data. Furthermore, 16 out of 65 articles comprised the review publications based on single- and multi-omics data from the proposed taxonomy. Finally, only a small number of articles (7/65) were included in papers focusing on comparative analysis and guidelines. The use of DL in studying omics data presented several obstacles related to DL itself, preprocessing procedures, datasets, model validation, and testbed applications. Numerous relevant investigations were performed to address these issues. Unlike other review papers, our study distinctly reflects different observations on omics with DL model areas. We believe that the result of this study can be a useful guideline for practitioners who look for a comprehensive view of the role of DL in omics data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal treatment is quickly moving towards a philosophy consisting of a less invasive approach. In this context, minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy (MINST) is a promising option. This paper reviews the concepts behind minimal invasiveness in nonsurgical periodontology and reports the state‐of the art evidence for this topic. Instruments used and protocols suggested for these applications are introduced and discussed. The original papers reviewed show probing pocket depth (PPD) reductions and clinical attachment level (CAL) gains ranging from 2 to 4 mm between baseline and 6 months to 5 years posttreatment for intrabony defects and from 1.5 to 3 mm between baseline and 2‐6 months of follow‐up for full‐mouth results. These clinical outcomes are accompanied by statistically significant reductions in radiographic bone defect depth and increases in intrabony defect angles posttreatment. Wound healing mechanisms following MINST are presented, and clinical applications and directions for future research are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the clinical utility of exome sequencing for patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Method: Over 2 years, patients with DEEs were recruited for singleton exome sequencing. Parental segregation was performed where indicated. Results: Of the 103 patients recruited (54 males, 49 females; aged 2 weeks–17 years), the genetic aetiology was identified in 36 out of 103 (35%) with management implications in 13 out of 36. Exome sequencing revealed pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 30 out of 103 (29%) patients, variants of unknown significance in 39 out of 103 (38%), and 34 out of 103 (33%) were negative on exome analysis. After the description of new genetic diseases, a molecular diagnosis was subsequently made for six patients or through newly available high‐density chromosomal microarray testing. Interpretation: We demonstrate the utility of exome sequencing in routine clinical care of children with DEEs. We highlight that molecular diagnosis often leads to changes in management and informs accurate prognostic and reproductive counselling. Our findings reinforce the need for ongoing analysis of genomic data to identify the aetiology in patients in whom the cause is unknown. The implementation of genomic testing in the care of children with DEEs should become routine in clinical practice. What this paper adds: The cause was identified in 35% of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.KCNQ2, CDKL5, SCN1A, and STXBP1 were the most frequently identified genes.Reanalysis of genomic data found the cause in an additional six patients.Genetic aetiology was identified in 41% of children with seizure onset under 2 years, compared to 18% with older onset.Finding the molecular cause led to management changes in 36% of patients with DEEs. What this paper adds: The cause was identified in 35% of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.KCNQ2, CDKL5, SCN1A, and STXBP1 were the most frequently identified genes.Reanalysis of genomic data found the cause in an additional six patients.Genetic aetiology was identified in 41% of children with seizure onset under 2 years, compared to 18% with older onset.Finding the molecular cause led to management changes in 36% of patients with DEEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paclitaxel, a natural secondary metabolite isolated and purified from the bark of the Taxus tree, is considered one of the most successful natural anticancer drugs due to its low toxicity, high potency and broad-spectrum anticancer activity. Taxus trees are scarce and slow-growing, and with extremely low paclitaxel content, the contradiction between supply and demand in the market is becoming more and more intense. Therefore, researchers have tried to obtain paclitaxel by various methods such as chemical synthesis, artificial culture, microbial fermentation and tissue cell culture to meet the clinical demand for this drug. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of paclitaxel extraction, combination therapy, total synthesis, semi-synthesis and biosynthesis in recent years and provides an outlook, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for further research on the production and application of paclitaxel in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of a safe and effective technology to monitor intracranial pressure accurately and non‐destructively. In this paper, the relationship between reduced scattering coefficient and intracranial pressure in clinical patients under different brain edema states was studied. First, the brain edema MC simulation model was constructed based on different types of brain edema. The results laid a foundation for clinical ICP detection. Second, the changes of ICP and reduced scattering coefficient caused by brain edema were studied in clinical application. It was found that when the patient developed brain edema, the reduced scattering coefficient and ICP showed corresponding changes. Finally, the mathematical model of invasive ICP and reduced scattering coefficient was established. It was found that the sensitivity of 834 nm light to brain tissue changes was higher than that of 692 nm light, which could be used to reflect the changes of brain tissue physiological state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huobahuagen tablet is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation made from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Kunming Shanhaitang. Clinical application proves that it has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Huobahuagen tablet has the advantages of less adverse reactions and higher efficiency on the basis of hormone-like effects, which is mainly used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. However, in recent years, literature have shown that the drug can also be applied to kidney disease, and achieved significant clinical efficacy. In this paper, the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, such as dampness, heat and stasis are discussed. Combined with clinical application and literature reports in the past two decades, the clinical application progress of Huobahuagen tablet in the treatment of chronic kidney disease is reviewed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) is a popular plant in traditional medicine, and Rosavin, a characteristic ingredient of RRL, is considered one of the most important active ingredients in it. In recent years, with deepening research on its pharmacological actions, the clinical application value and demand for Rosavin have been steadily increasing. Various routes for the extraction and all-chemical or biological synthesis of Rosavin have been gradually developed for the large-scale production and broad application of Rosavin. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Rosavin has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, lipid-lowering, analgesic, antiradiation, antitumor and immunomodulation effects. Rosavin showed significant therapeutic effects on a range of chronic diseases, including neurological, digestive, respiratory and bone-related disorders during in vitro and vivo experiments, demonstrating the great potential of Rosavin as a therapeutic drug for diseases. This paper gives a comprehensive and insightful overview of Rosavin, focusing on its extraction and synthesis, pharmacological activities, progress in disease-treatment research and formulation studies, providing a reference for the production and preparation, further clinical research and applications of Rosavin in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]