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Aim: This study aimed to examine the extent, range and variety of research in Europe describing healthcare interventions for older people with dementia (PwD) and family caregivers. Methods: This was a scoping review and followed the PRISMA Scoping Review guideline. MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane library databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2020. Studies reporting healthcare interventions in Europe for PwD over 65 years and their family caregivers were included. Results: Twenty‐one studies from six European countries were included. The types of healthcare intervention identified were categorized as follows: (1) family unit intervention (interventions for both PwD and their family caregiver), (2) individual intervention (separate interventions for PwD or family caregivers) and (3) family caregiver only intervention (interventions for family caregivers only but with outcomes for both PwD and family caregivers). Conclusions: This review provides insight into healthcare interventions for older PwD and family caregivers in Europe. More studies are needed that focus on the family as a unit of care in dementia. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In Europe, the population is ageing, and the number of People with Dementia (PwD) who require long‐term care and family support is increasing.A diagnosis of dementia is a 'family affair', as dementia is associated with physical, emotional and social costs for both PwD and their family caregivers, with impacts on family dynamics and functioning, even more so, when the PwD are older. What this paper adds? This scoping review provides insight into the types of healthcare interventions targeting older PwD and family caregivers in Europe.It reveals that most studies (n = 19; 90%) consider the family of PwD as the 'context of care' and not as a recipient of care. As a result, the focus of interventions is on the well‐being and health of the PwD first and the family second, being seen as a resource for the care of the PwD. Implications of the study The family plays a central role in long‐term care of older PwD.A holistic approach to dementia care is needed that focuses on the health of family caregivers of PwD, in addition to the health of PwD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trans people are incarcerated at disproportionately high rates relative to cisgender people and are at increased risk of negative experiences while incarcerated, including poor mental health, violence, sexual abuse, dismissal of self-identity, including poor access to healthcare. Aims: This scoping review sought to identify what is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of correctional staff toward incarcerated trans people within the adult and juvenile justice systems. Method: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the five-stage iterative process developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), utilizing the PRISMA guidelines and checklist for scoping reviews and included an appraisal of included papers. A range of databases and grey literature was included. Literature was assessed against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with included studies written in English, online full text availability, and reported data relevant to the research question. Results: Seven studies were included with four using qualitative methodologies, one quantitative, and two studies employing a mixed methods approach. These studies provided insights into the systemic lack of knowledge and experience of correctional staff working with trans people, including staff reporting trans issues are not a carceral concern, and carceral settings not offering trans-affirming training to their staff. Within a reform-based approach these findings could be interpreted as passive ignorance and oversights stressing the importance of organizational policies and leadership needing to set standards for promoting the health and wellbeing of incarcerated trans persons. Conclusions: From a transformational lens, findings from this study highlight the urgent need to address the underlying structural, systemic, and organizational factors that impact upon the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors staff have and hold in correctional, and other health and community settings to meaningfully and sustainably improve health, wellbeing, and gender-affirming treatment and care for trans communities, including make possible alternative methods of accountability for those who do harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women with disability experience significantly more violence and abuse than their nondisabled peers. Efforts to implement, evaluate, and scale-up strategies to prevent violence against women are rapidly expanding, but we know less about "what works" to prevent violence against women with disability. While secondary and tertiary prevention aim to identify violence early and prevent further occurrence, this review focuses on primary prevention. In the disability services sector, primary prevention is sometimes referred to as safeguarding and covers a range of activities that aim to address the underlying determinants of violence to prevent it from happening in the first place. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesize research on evaluated interventions addressing the primary prevention of violence against women with disability and explore evidence about their quality and effectiveness. A systematic search across the bibliographic databases of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychInfo for peer-reviewed literature published in English on or after January 1, 2010, yielded 483 papers of potential interest. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for review. Data were extracted and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Most studies reported outcomes from pre- and post-test research designs and received a weak rating of quality. Although interventions targeting awareness, knowledge, and skill development showed evidence of effectiveness, there is a distinct lack of program development that draws on known risk factors for violence such as the intersection of ableism and gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As many patients are spending their last days in critical care units, it is essential that they receive appropriate end-of -life care. However, cultural differences, ethical dilemmas and preference practices can arise in the intensive care settings during the end of life. Limiting therapy for dying patients in intensive care is a new concept with no legal definition and therefore there may be confusion in interpreting the terms 'no resuscitation' and 'comfort care' among physicians in Middle East. Therefore, the research question is 'What helps or hinders effective end-of-life care in adult intensive care units in Middle Eastern countries?' Methods: The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review using five electronic databases. We identified primary studies from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Psycinfo and Scopus. The team assessed the full-text papers included in the review for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist (JBI). We completed the literature search on the first of April 2022 and was not limited to a specific period. Results: We identified and included nine relevant studies in the review. We identified five main themes as end-of-life care challenges and/or facilitators: organisational structure and management, (mis)understanding of end-of-life care, spirituality and religious practices for the dying, communication about end-of-life care, and the impact of the ICU environment. Conclusions: This review has reported challenges and facilitators to providing end-of-life care in ICU and made initial recommendations for improving practice. These are certainly not unique to the Middle East but can be found throughout the international literature. However, the cultural context of Middle East and North Africa countries gives these areas of practice special challenges and opportunities. Further observational research is recommended to confirm or modify the results of this review, and with a view to developing and evaluating comprehensive interventions to promote end-of-life care in ICUs in the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than men; 19.2%–69.0% of women have experienced IPV, and the percentage is increasing.Survivors of IPV suffer from physical, psychological, social and reproductive health problems and numerous adverse health consequences such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These are considered IPV comorbidities, especially among women. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This study reviews and reinforces existing scientific knowledge regarding the application of trauma‐informed care (TIC), including intervention content or type, frequency, duration of session and length.This study focused on the effects of TIC. Furthermore, it examines short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcome effects, which are more significant for clinical practice. What are the implications for practice?: Development of a standardized protocol to address specific needs for TIC in IPV care settings.Among multidisciplinary teams, nurses are the ideal professionals to support women experiencing IPV. They can understand their traumatic experiences better, improve their therapeutic relationships and engage patients in collaborative care. Introduction: Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are considered intimate partner violence (IPV) comorbidities, especially among women. Trauma‐informed care (TIC) is the most common element of IPV care. Aim: This study analysed the short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcomes of TIC on PTSD, depression and anxiety in women experiencing IPV. Method: The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were followed, and databases were searched from their inception to September 2022. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials included 850 women randomly assigned to the TIC and usual care groups. Overall, TIC showed a superior psychological health‐improving effect. Depression and anxiety significantly improved after treatment and at three and 6 months. No difference was observed in PTSD between the two groups at 3 and 6 months. Discussion: The growing evidence demonstrates that the lack of IPV intervention effects reported by reviews may be due to the attributes of PTSD, heterogeneity of TIC intervention design and components of TIC. Therefore, its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive. Implications for Practice: We analysed studies by stratifying intervention frequencies of once or twice a week. Regardless of the intervention frequency, length and design, PTSD decreased immediately after the TIC intervention. However, a significant difference in depression was observed after a TIC intervention of above 9 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Only 8.6% Asian Americans (AAs) report seeking mental health services compared to nearly 18% of the general population.There is a stigma against seeking mental health services among AAs.Mental illness is thought to be caused by a lack of harmony of emotions or evil spirits leading to delay in treatment among AAs. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Asian students are hesitant to use mental health services because they are balancing their desire to be part of the two cultures.Concepts used to define culture were found to have overlapping aspects of how researchers operationally define them, and few studies examined a combination of these concepts as a means of examining interactions between the concepts.AA emerging adults feel pressure through personal stigma from elders to 'save face' by keeping their problems to themselves or within the family to maintain a positive reputation for the family. What are the implications for practice?: The overlap of conceptual definitions to understand cultural beliefs and values affecting measurement have complicated the interpretation of the research.Future research should include a multidimensional operationalization of culture that includes acculturation, ethnic identity, personal stigma and their effect on mental health help‐seeking attitudes.Differences between South Asian and East Asian philosophical and cultural perspectives could influence access to mental health services; therefore, future studies should consider sampling that would allow for comparison of the groups.Understanding the factors that influence mental health help‐seeking behaviours can determine intervention strategies to improve AA emerging adult mental health. Introduction: Only 8.6% of Asian Americans (AA) sought mental health services compared to 18% of United States population. AA college students report higher levels of mental health concerns compared to White students. Aim: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that influence AA students' mental health help‐seeking behaviours. Method: Employing a data‐based convergent synthesis design. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the sample. Inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed studies published in English, focused on AA college students' mental health seeking attitudes in United States. Results: The final sample was forty‐four studies. Four themes emerged: acculturation, ethnic identity, racism and stigma. There were discrepant findings regarding how acculturation affects mental health help‐seeking attitudes. Several studies included more than one theme in their analyses. The different concepts included across studies make it difficult to compare the findings. Discussion: There is some overlap between acculturation and ethnic identity that could affect the analysis in studies where both concepts are included. Personal stigma negatively influences mental health help‐seeking attitudes. Implications for Practice: Defining culture to include acculturation, ethnic identity, personal stigma can help in understanding their effect on mental health help‐seeking attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Nurses often encounter traumatic events in their clinical practice.Trauma can have both negative effects, such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and positive effects, such as growth and positive emotions.Posttraumatic growth is beneficial for nurses, as it contributes to positive mental health outcomes and increases life satisfaction. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Our study confirms that nurses commonly experience posttraumatic growth after being exposed to traumatic events, and the level of growth is moderate.We have identified individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors that may influence the occurrence of posttraumatic growth among nurses. What are the implications for practice?: Our findings provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among nurses. It is crucial to consider individual factors, work‐related factors, and social and organizational factors when designing these interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can support nurses in coping with trauma and facilitate their posttraumatic growth. Introduction: While the negative effects of trauma on nurses have been well‐documented, it is equally important to focus on ways to promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) among nurses. Aim: This study aims to explore the levels and related factors of PTG among nurses. Method: A comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases up to 26 December 2022. The pooled mean score for PTG was calculated and presented with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were performed to identify potential moderators of PTG among nurses. Results: A total of 55 studies, involving 35,621 nurses from 11 countries and regions, were included in this review. The pooled scores of the PTG indicated that nurses experienced a moderate level of PTG (55.69, 95% CI: 50.67–60.72). Discussion: Nurses commonly experience PTG following exposure to traumatic events, with a moderate level of PTG. Our systematic review highlights the potential determinants of PTG among nurses, including individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors. Implications for Practice: Targeting these factors in interventions can provide nurses with the necessary resources and support to effectively cope with stress and trauma, and potentially facilitate PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for older adults (≥70 years old). Despite this many older adults do not undertake the World Health Organisation guideline recommended amount of PA. This systematic review examines barriers and motivators to PA in adults aged ≥70 years. Methods We analysed the quantitative literature, including observational studies and baseline data from randomised controlled trials. Studies examining specific diseases (e.g. cognitive impairment), or care home residents were excluded. Database searches of ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science were undertaken on 7 March 2023. Quality assessment was performed using the ROBANS tool. We synthesised the results using the socioecological model. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021160503). Results We identified 37 papers, n  = 26,961, age 70–101 years (median 78), 62% female. We undertook a narrative review; meta-analysis was not possible. Overall risk of bias was low. A total of 23 studies addressed barriers, seven motivators, seven both. The most cited barriers were: concern about physical health/fitness (14 studies), lack of motivation/interest (13 studies), fear of falls/history of falling (11 studies) and environmental barriers (10 studies). Key motivators were: support from family/friends (five studies), social interaction (five studies), personal benefits (five studies) and outside facilities (five studies). Results varied across gender, age, functional ability and geographical location. Discussion To maximise PA in older adults, important modifiable factors identified in this review should be targeted: support from healthcare professionals; reducing fear of falls; and prioritising ease of access and safety of outdoor facilities. When considering future policy, a person-centred, age group appropriate approach will have the most impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article addresses the persistent challenge of Delayed Hospital Discharge (DHD) and aims to provide a comprehensive overview, synthesis, and actionable, sustainable plan based on the synthesis of the systematic review articles spanning the past 24 years. Our research aims to comprehensively examine DHD, identifying its primary causes and emphasizing the significance of effective communication and management in healthcare settings. Methods: We conducted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) method for synthesizing findings from 23 review papers published over the last two decades, encompassing over 700 studies. In addition, we employed a practical and comprehensive framework to tackle DHD. Rooted in Linderman's model, our approach focused on continuous process improvement (CPI), which highlights senior management commitment, technical/administrative support, and social/transitional care. Our proposed CPI method comprised several stages: planning, implementation, data analysis, and adaptation, all contributing to continuous improvement in healthcare delivery. This method provided valuable insights and recommendations for addressing DHD challenges. Findings: Our DHD analysis revealed crucial insights across multiple dimensions. Firstly, examining causes and interventions uncovered issues such as limited discharge destinations, signaling unsustainable solutions, and inefficient care coordination. The second aspect explored the patient and caregiver experience, emphasizing challenges linked to staff uncertainty and negative physical environments, with notable attention to the underexplored area of caregiver experience. The third theme explored organizational and individual factors, including cognitive impairment and socioeconomic influences. The findings emphasized the importance of incorporating patients' data, recognizing its complexity and current avoidance. Finally, the role of transitional and social care and financial strategies was scrutinized, emphasizing the need for multicomponent, context‐specific interventions to address DHD effectively. Conclusion: This study addresses gaps in the literature, challenges prevailing solutions, and offers practical pathways for reducing DHD, contributing significantly to healthcare quality and patient outcomes. The synthesis introduces the vital CPI stage, enhancing Linderman's work and providing a pragmatic framework to eradicate delayed discharge. Future efforts will address practitioner consultations to enhance perspectives and further enrich the study. Patient or Public Contribution: Our scoping review synthesizes and analyzes existing systematic review articles and emphasizes offering practical, actionable solutions. While our approach does not directly engage patients, it strategically focuses on extracting insights from the literature to create a CPI framework. This unique aspect is intentionally designed to yield tangible benefits for patients, service users, caregivers, and the public. Our actionable recommendations aim to improve hospital discharge processes for better healthcare outcomes and experiences. This detailed analysis goes beyond theoretical considerations and provides a practical guide to improve healthcare practices and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To systematically review the literature investigating the links between stigma and the management of type 1 diabetes. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Both quantitative and qualitative data were considered. Included papers were subject to quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and a narrative synthesis of results was reported. Results: Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Amongst these, one study used mixed methods, nine were qualitative, and nine were quantitative. All studies found a negative relationship between stigma and type 1 diabetes management. Qualitative studies provided a further understanding of the effects observed in the quantitative studies and found that stigma can affect self‐care activities, disclosure of diabetes, and the uptake of diabetes technology. Systemic causes of stigma and intersectional stigma were also observed. Conclusions: This review highlights that people with type 1 diabetes are negatively affected by stigma, irrespective of their age, gender, culture, or use of diabetes technology. Quantitative studies were limited, in that all studies were cross‐sectional, and there was a lack of standardisation across outcome measures. There is a need for interventions to target stigma on both an individual and a systemic level, particularly where people experience multiple intersecting stigmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are at greater risk of common mental disorders. The intersectionality concept provides a framework to examine the effects of multiple social disadvantages on women's mental health. We conducted a systematic review to collect and analyse information to identify the quantitative methodologies and study designs used in intersectional research to examine women's mental health and multiple social disadvantages. Included studies used accepted statistical methods to explore the intersectional effects of gender and one or more types of social disadvantage from the PROGRESS-Plus inequity framework: a place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/ sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital (O'Neill et al. J Clin Epidemiol 67:56–64, 2014). The scope of this systematic review was limited to studies that analysed common mental disorders in women and men comparatively. Studies focusing on only one gender were excluded, ensuring a comprehensive comparative analysis of the intersection of social disadvantages in mental health. Twelve papers were included in the narrative synthesis (Table 1). Eight of the included papers (67%) reported an intersectional effect of gender and one or more additional types of social disadvantage. The multiplicative effect of gender and socioeconomic status on the risk of common mental disorders was the most commonly reported interaction. This systematic review shows that multiplicative and simultaneous interactions of multiple social disadvantage increase the risk of common mental disorders experienced by women. Moreover, it underlines the potential for quantitative research methods to complement qualitative intersectionality research on gender and mental health. The findings of this systematic review highlight the importance of multiple social disadvantage in understanding the increased risk of mental health experienced by women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic tinnitus during childhood/adolescence can be associated with impaired quality of life. Guidelines for managing paediatric tinnitus recommend assessment and interventions are often based upon the experiences and opinions of guideline committee members. Objective: To examine patient response tools used for the assessment and management of childhood tinnitus and how interventions had been evaluated. Design: A structured scoping review (i) identifying and critically appraising patient response measures (PRMs) assessing tinnitus in children/adolescents, and (ii) critically appraising evidence supporting reported interventions. Original papers written in English, involving paediatric participants ≤19 years, reporting (i) application of established PRMs to assess the experience of chronic tinnitus or (ii) application and evaluation of tinnitus interventions were included. Study sample: Papers written in English, identifying, or assessing the experience of chronic tinnitus (>3 months) as a primary complaint during childhood/adolescence in participants ≤19 years of age using a PRM and studies evaluating the application of non-pharmaceutical interventions for tinnitus in children/adolescents. Results: Six studies involving the assessment of tinnitus during childhood/adolescence using a PRM were identified and evaluated. Three established (previously named, described, and published) PRMs were applied of which none were developed specifically for children/adolescents. Three behavioural tinnitus interventions and three combination intervention strategies (coupling of psychological intervention with sound enrichment) had been applied to and evaluated within paediatric populations. Conclusions: Although clinicians are seeing children/adolescents with tinnitus, they are evaluating and managing children’s distress without appropriate PRMs, and little evidence exists to support clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principles of least restrictive care and recovery‐focused practice are promoted as contemporary practice in the care of individuals with mental ill health, underpinning legislation concerning mental health and illness in many jurisdictions worldwide. Inpatient mental health units with locked doors are incompatible with this style of care and throwback to a time where care for mental illness was primarily custodial. The aim of this scoping review is to determine whether evidence exists for locking mental health unit doors, whether this practice is compatible with recovery‐focused care and to determine whether door locking has changed since a review conducted by Van Der Merwe et al. (Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 16, 2009, 293) found that door locking was not the preferred practice in the management of acute mental health units. We used Arksey and O'Malley's (International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8, 2005, 19) framework for scoping reviews, with our initial search locating 1377 studies, with screening narrowing final papers for inclusion to 20. Methodologies for papers included 12 using quantitative methodology, 5 qualitative and 3 that used mixed methods designs. Poor evidence was found for door locking to mitigate risks such as absconding, aggression or illicit substance importation. Furthermore, locked doors had a detrimental impact on the therapeutic relationship, nurse job satisfaction and intention to leave the profession. This scoping review indicates that research is urgently needed to address a mental healthcare culture where door locking is an entrenched practice. Studies of alternative approaches to risk management are required to ensure inpatient mental health units are truly least‐restrictive, therapeutic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public institutions have the opportunity to implement environmental sustainability policies through leveraging their buying potential. Given the role of hospitals within the food system, the implementation of sustainable initiatives into hospital foodservices is a priority. Compared to conventional agricultural methods, organic food production uses more sustainable practices and warrants consideration for utilisation in hospitals. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the published literature to identify benefits, limitations and implementation issues regarding the use of organic foods in hospital foodservice settings. Methods: The review protocol was prospectively published (PROSPERO registration CRD42022322245) and reported consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of four databases was undertaken for papers published from January 2000 to March 2022; key outcome data were extracted and synthesised. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research or the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Results: After review of 4102 titles/abstracts and 113 full‐text papers, the final library comprised 10 papers of moderate to high quality. The implementation of organic foods increased quality in addition to environmental sustainability improvements. The price premium, additional production requirements, change to kitchen routines and concerns with food quality and security of supply were reported as barriers. Government targets for increasing organic food, organisational support, and staff knowledge and training supported implementation. Conclusions: This review identified opportunities for the implementation of organic foods into hospital foodservices, but there are numerous barriers to be overcome through strategies including organisational support and staff training. Key points: The implementation of organic foods increased quality and led to improvements in environmental sustainability in hospital foodservices. Barriers to implementation included the price premium, additional production requirements, change to kitchen routines and concerns with food quality and security of supply. Implementation was supported by government targets for increasing organic food, organisational support, and staff knowledge and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite unclear evidence to support the long-term use of antipsychotics to treat challenging (problem) behaviours in people with autism in the absence of a psychiatric disorder, this practice is common. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving antipsychotics for people with autism of all ages, irrespective of the outcomes assessed. We searched seven databases and hand-searched ten relevant journals. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full papers and extracted data using the Cochrane Handbook template. We conducted meta-analyses of outcomes and the rate of adverse events. Results: We included 39 papers based on 21 primary RCTs that recruited 1482 people with autism. No RCT assessed any psychiatric disorder outcome, such as psychoses or bipolar disorder. A meta-analysis of ten placebo-controlled RCTs showed a significantly improved Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Irritability score in the antipsychotic group with an effect size of −6.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) −8.13 to −4.77] (low certainty). Pooled Clinical Global Impression data on 11 placebo-controlled RCTs showed an overall effect size of 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.21) (moderate certainty). There was a significantly higher risk of overall adverse effects (p = 0.003) and also weight gain (p < 0.00001), sedation (p < 0.00001) and increased appetite (p = 0.001) in the antipsychotic group. Conclusions: There is some evidence for risperidone and preliminary evidence for aripiprazole to significantly improve scores on some outcome measures among children with autism but not adults or for any other antipsychotics. There is a definite increased risk of antipsychotic-related different adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aimed to examine the content, frequency, duration, and outcomes of nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Background: Diabetes self‐management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes to acquire specific behavioural changes and develop effective problem‐solving skills. Design: A systematic review was used in this study. Data sources PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, CINAHL, Proquest and Scopus databases were searched for studies published in English until February 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Review methods: This study followed the recommendations of the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis. Results: Eight studies with 1747 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included telephone coaching, consultation services and individual and group education. The duration of the intervention ranged from 3 to 15 months. The results showed that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes had positive and clinically significant effects on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: These findings highlight the important role of nurses in improving self‐management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The positive outcomes of this review offer suggestions for health care professionals to develop effective self‐management programnmes in type 2 diabetes treatment and care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Prevention of complications and achievement of optimal glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes is important. For this reason, self‐management is the basis of diabetes care.Diabetes self‐management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes by acquiring specific behavioural changes and developing effective problem‐solving skills.What this paper adds? These results show that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes have positive and clinically significant effects on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes with long follow‐up periods, taking at least 6 months and repeating programmes that include education and consultancy services at certain intervals appear more effective.The implications of this paper: These findings highlight the pioneering role of nurses in improving self‐management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is recommended that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes should be integrated into healthcare services and access.This review will guide the design of future studies related to nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 1 and 2 diabetes care, especially within primary health‐care settings, has traditionally involved doctor‐led clinics. However, with increasing chronic disease burden, there is scope for nurses to expand their role in assisting diabetes self‐management. Aims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin in adults with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. Methods: Methodology from the Joanna Briggs Institute Method for Systematic Review Research and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, including identifying publications, assessing study quality, summarizing evidence and interpreting findings. The search strategy involved using the Medical Subject Headings and keyword variations when searching MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Inclusion criteria were samples with Type 1 or 2 diabetes, mean age of ≥18 years, English language studies and publication date of January 2011–December 2021. Results: Overall, 34 articles from 16 countries met inclusion criteria. Though not always clinically significant, results indicated that nurse‐led care had beneficial impacts on glycated haemoglobin values, with reductions from 0.03% to 2.0%. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care. Conclusions: Findings support nurse‐led Type 1 and 2 diabetes care. Although further research is required, changes may necessitate increased recognition of nurse‐led care and funding. Nurse‐led care models should differ according to health‐care settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes is the world's fastest growing chronic condition and is widely recognized as a leading global challenge to the health and well‐being of individuals, families and societies.What this paper adds? Findings highlight the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin values in patients with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care. The implications of this paper: There is scope for nurses to expand their role and assist diabetes self‐management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess if experimental warming interventions are superior to routine warming interventions in preventing perioperative hypothermia. Background: Perioperative hypothermia is a critical issue for the complications of surgery. There are various kinds of perioperative warming interventions, including experimental and routine warming interventions. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis for the randomized clinical trials of experimental warming interventions vs. routine warming interventions in the perioperative period. Findings: A total of 15 studies were included with 983 participants allocated to experimental warming interventions and 939 controls with routine warming interventions, who were receiving a variety of surgeries. The focused outcome was the intraoperative and postoperative body temperature. All included studies were randomized clinical trials. Among the participants receiving operations, the meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures compared to the experimental warming groups. The meta‐analysis results included positive mean differences, significant tests for overall effect and significant heterogeneity in the random‐effects model. Conclusions: In spite of significant heterogeneity, experimental warming interventions are likely to demonstrate superior warming effects when compared to routine warming interventions, as shown by the current meta‐analysis results of randomized clinical trials. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Perioperative hypothermia is a significant factor for prognosis within and after surgery.The difference between experimental and routine nursing interventions for maintaining intraoperative and postoperative body temperature was unknown. What this paper adds? The meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures when compared to experimental warming groups. The implications of this paper: Experimental warming interventions might be associated with superior warming effects.The heterogeneity of surgery type and experimental warming methods might limit the interpretation of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among sexual minority women (SMW). However, compared to IPV research with heterosexual women and other LGBTQ+ population groups, SMW are understudied. We conducted a scoping review to examine the current state of knowledge about IPV among SMW, and to identify gaps and directions for future research. A search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases returned 1,807 papers published between January 2000 and December 2021. After independent reviewers screened these papers for relevance, 99 were included in the final review. Papers were included if they used quantitative methods and reported IPV data on adult SMW separately from other groups. Findings confirmed high rates of IPV among SMW and highlighted groups with particular vulnerabilities, including non-monosexual women and SMW of color. Risk factors for IPV in this population include prior trauma and victimization, psychological and emotional concerns, substance use, and minority stressors. Outcomes include poor mental and physical health. Findings related to the effects of minority stressors on IPV and comparisons across sexual minority groups were inconsistent. Future research should focus on IPV perpetration; mechanisms underlying risk for IPV, including structural-level risk factors; and understanding differences among SMW subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is a very common and debilitating condition that affects the anterior aspect of the knee. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of shockwave therapy on pain and symptom severity for all types of patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy. Methods: A search for quantitative primary studies was conducted, using the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) databases. Investigation of grey literature sources, Google Scholar and manual citation searching also took place. All searches were completed between 1 and 8 January 2022. Papers were included if the patients' symptoms were chronic (lasting 12+ weeks); any dose, method and type of shockwave therapy were also accepted. Results: A total of six articles were accepted following screening, all published after 2010. This review included a total of 270 patients, of which 145 received shockwave therapy. Overall, the methodological quality of the six papers was moderate to low. Despite this, and the variation in application of shockwave therapy, the results demonstrated improvements in both pain and symptom severity outcome measures. Conclusions: Shockwave therapy was effective in improving patients' pain and symptom severity, although more high-quality research trials are needed to investigate the effects of this therapy. The clinician's first line of treatment for patellar tendinopathy should be education and exercise; however, if this fails, shockwave therapy should then be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: There is evidence that social isolation and loneliness is more prevalent in people living with mental illness than in the general population.People living with mental illness frequently experience stigma, discrimination, rejection, repeated psychiatric admissions, low self‐esteem, low self‐efficacy, and increased symptoms of paranoia, depression, and anxiety.There is evidence of common interventions that can be used to improve loneliness and social isolation such as psychosocial skills training and cognitive group therapy. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the evidence between mental illness, loneliness, and recovery.The results suggest that people living with mental illness experience elevated levels of social isolation and loneliness leading to poor recovery and quality of life.Social deprivation, social integration and romantic loneliness are related to loneliness, poor recovery, and reduced quality of life.A sense of belonging, ability to trust and hope are important aspects of improved loneliness, quality of life and recovery. What are the implications for practice?: The existing culture in mental health nursing practice needs to be examined to address loneliness in people living with mental illness and its impact on recovery.Existing tools to research loneliness do not consider dimensions in loneliness experience as reflected in the literature.Practice needs to demonstrate an integrated approach to recovery, optimal service delivery and augmentation of evidence‐based clinical practice to improve individual's loneliness, social circumstances, and relationships.Practice needs to demonstrate nursing knowledge in caring for people living with mental illness experiencing loneliness.Further longitudinal research is required to clearly understand the relationship between loneliness, mental illness, and recovery. Introduction: To our knowledge, there are no previous reviews on the impact of loneliness experienced by people aged 18–65, who are living with mental illness and their recovery experience. Aim/Question: To explore the experience and impact of loneliness in people living with mental illness during recovery. Method: An integrative review. Results: A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria. The search was conducted using four electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO. Across these 17 papers, participants were most commonly, diagnosed with schizophrenia or psychotic disorders and recruited from community mental health services. Discussion: The review revealed loneliness to be substantial in people living with mental illness and that loneliness affected their recovery, and their quality of life. The review identified many factors that contribute to loneliness including unemployment, financial strain, social deprivation, group housing, internalized stigma and mental illness symptoms. Individual factors such as social/community integration and social network size as well as an inability to trust, a sense of not belonging, hopelessness and lack of romance were also evident. Interventions targeting social functioning skills and social connectedness were found to improve social isolation and loneliness. Implications for Practice: It is vital for mental health nursing practice to employ an approach integrating physical health as well as social recovery needs, optimal service delivery and augmentation of evidence‐based clinical practice to improve loneliness, recovery, and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Service users report telehealth interventions to be useful in terms of access and convenience however, a preference for face‐to‐face interventions remains.Nurses are using telehealth interventions in clinical practice however, further research is necessary in this area as the evidence of their involvement is limited. What are the implications for practice?: This paper highlights the use of telehealth interventions should augment rather than replace face‐to‐face care provision. Introduction: The Covid‐19 pandemic saw the swift implementation of physical and social distancing that impacted the way in which mental health services were facilitated. Consequently, telehealth/e‐health interventions are increasing in use. Aim: This integrative review aims to explore existing literature regarding mental health service users' experiences of telehealth interventions facilitated through the COVID‐19 pandemic, to determine the visibility of nursing involvement in the facilitation of telehealth interventions and to use these experiences to inform nursing practice. Method: A methodical search of eight (n = 8) academic databases was undertaken using CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane, MEDLINE and Academic Search Complete between January 2020 and January 2022. Results: A total of 5133 papers were screened by title and abstract of which (n = 77) progressed for full‐text screening. Five (n = 5) papers met the inclusion criteria for this review and results were mapped onto the four meta‐paradigms of nursing: person; where the findings discuss the acceptability of telehealth interventions; environment; where the findings highlight barriers and facilitators to the use of telehealth interventions; health; where the findings discuss staff time and logistical issues relating to telehealth interventions and nursing; where the findings centre around the therapeutic relationship. Discussion: This review highlights there is a paucity of direct evidence relating to nursing involvement in the facilitation of telehealth interventions. However, there are benefits to the use of telehealth interventions that include increased access to services, less perceived stigma and increased engagement which are relevant to nursing practice. A lack of individual contact and concerns relating to infrastructure indicates a fondness for face‐to‐face interventions remains high. Implications for Practice: There is a need for further research on the role of the nurse in the facilitation of telehealth interventions, specific interventions used and outcomes of such interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of fraudulent "hijacked journals" that deceive researchers by mimicking reputable journals. These journals have a negative impact on research integrity and can mislead researchers into submitting papers to them. The article emphasizes the lack of awareness among researchers about these journals and provides methods for detecting them. It also highlights the negative effects of citing papers from hijacked journals, such as spreading non-peer-reviewed information and wasting research budgets. The article suggests that authors should carefully check journals before citing papers from them and that publishers should develop software tools to detect possible hijacked journal versions. The list of references cited in the document includes various sources related to the topic of hijacked journals and predatory publishing, covering research studies, articles, and papers that discuss the detection, prevention, and impact of hijacked journals. The document also mentions the funding of a specific journal by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Poland. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Throughout the transition to motherhood, changes are experienced across a woman's physical, mental, social, and occupational self. Maternal chronic illness adds the complexity of increased healthcare needs and navigating a high‐risk, medicalised pregnancy, birth, and post‐natal period. Literature concerning motherhood transitions in chronic illness generally focusses on the mother's medical health and pregnancy outcomes; little is known about the impacts on women's occupations, balance, and quality of life. Understanding these issues may help support women in a more tailored and holistic way. Objective: This scoping review aims to gather, analyse, and synthesise existing empirical research on occupational engagement and occupational balance as they impact on wellbeing and quality of life in women with a lifetime chronic illness before and during pregnancy and in early motherhood. Method: The review follows the nine‐stage framework described in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis (2020). Five databases were searched: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT Seeker. Data were extracted and examined via content analysis, described in narrative synthesis, summarised into a conceptual framework, and tabulated. Findings: A total of 8,655 papers were discovered on initial search. Following title and abstract screening, 220 full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 46 papers were finally included. Analysis generated four major themes: The Disrupted Transition Journey; Adaptation, Compromise and Choice; Outcomes; and Drawing on What's Available. The themes were conceptualised into a framework to explain how women sought to balance motherhood and illness‐related occupations. Adequate access to information, social support, expert care, and financial resources improved both quality of life and healthcare compliance. Conclusion: Findings of this scoping review deepen the understanding of occupational balance during the transition to motherhood in the context of lifetime chronic illness. Healthcare providers and supportive family and friends can use this knowledge to adapt their approach to assisting women with chronic illness on the motherhood journey. These findings may also inform further inquiry into the scope of occupational therapy practice with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The importance of addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy is well‐documented. However, there appears to be limited research on what this actually involves in practice and how best to prepare therapists to work with individuals experiencing adverse social determinants. Aims: The aim of this review was to draw implications for practice and training from reviewing research on addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review of the research on addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy was conducted, extracting papers from eight databases: Cochrane Library, ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Out of 127 papers found, five met the eligibility criteria and were quality‐assessed and analysed thematically. Findings: The thematic synthesis generated three main themes: "the therapeutic relationship," "adapting to client context" and "community as a resource," with eight subthemes. Conclusion: This thematic synthesis highlights the importance of the therapeutic relationship and adapting mental health support to client frame of reference and context to address social determinants of mental health in therapy. It emphasises community as a helpful resource for informing training and therapeutic interventions, as well as a significant resource for people experiencing adverse social determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Student‐led clinics can provide health services to marginalised groups where service offerings are sparse or difficult to access, such as rural areas. Offering these services to children and young people can promote health and well‐being by addressing the individual challenges and the social determinants of health. There is uncertainty, however, as to whether student‐led clinics can meet Australian accreditation standards for health professionals completing degree programs. Objective: This study aims to determine the capacity for health student placements in school‐based student‐led clinics to meet accreditation standards. Design: A systematic scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA‐ScR statement. Setting: Several databases were examined, including Ebsco (Academic Source and CINAHL), ProQuest (PsycINFO, ERIC) and grey literature sources along with a desktop review of accreditation standards across seven health disciplines. Two independent reviewers screened eligible studies. Findings: The search retrieved 1037 records with 65 full‐text papers assessed for eligibility. Eleven papers met the inclusion criteria. Based on the evidence, both nursing and exercise and sports science accreditation standards were best suited to student‐led clinics. Discussion: Although broad categories of work‐integrated learning activities were applied, it appears feasible to expect accreditation standards for health disciplines at an Australian university to be a good fit for health student‐led school‐based clinics. Conclusion: Increasing health student placement opportunities within student‐led clinics can improve the health and well‐being of children and young people in regional, rural and remote (RRR) areas of Australia who may otherwise have limited access to allied health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence to improve understanding of the processes and outcomes of redress and reconciliation following a life‐changing event from the perspectives of individuals experiencing the event and their families. Methods: We searched six bibliographic databases for primary qualitative evidence exploring the views of individuals who have experienced a life‐changing event, and/or their family or carers, of redress or reconciliation processes. This was supplemented with targeted database searches, forward and backward citation chasing and searches of Google Scholar and relevant websites. Title and abstract and full‐text screening were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second. We used a best‐fit framework synthesis approach, drawing upon procedural and restorative justice concepts. Findings: Fifty‐three studies (61 papers) were eligible for inclusion. Forty‐one studies (47 papers) were included in the synthesis, from which we identified four themes. Three themes 'Transparency', 'Person‐centered' and 'Trustworthy' represent the procedural elements required to support a fair and objective process. The fourth, 'Restorative justice' encapsulates how a fair process feels to those who have experienced a life‐changing event. This theme highlights the importance of an empathic relationship between the different parties involved in the redress‐reconciliation process and the significance of being able to engage in meaningful action. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the procedural aspects and context of redress‐reconciliation processes required to ensure that the process and outcomes are experienced as fair. These criteria may be applied to the processes used to investigate both recent and historical patient safety events. Public Contribution: One member of the public affiliated with the Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility helped develop the review protocol. Two people with experience of medically life‐changing events provided insight which corroborated our findings and identified important limitations of the evidence included in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient‐reported measures that assess satisfaction and experience are increasingly utilised in healthcare sectors, including the alcohol and other drug (AOD) sector. This scoping review identifies how and to what extent people accessing AOD services have been involved in the development of satisfaction and experience measures to date. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, Google and Google Scholar were searched. Included papers described the development and/or implementation of a multiple‐item measure of patient‐reported experience or satisfaction specifically for people accessing AOD treatment and/or harm reduction programmes. If there was more than one paper, key papers were chosen that described each measure. The method of development, including service user involvement, was assessed against a framework generated for this review. Two reviewers were involved at each stage. Results: Thirty measures—23 satisfaction and 7 experience—were identified. Sixteen measures reported some level of involvement by people accessing AOD services in their development, although, for most measures, at a relatively low level. This involvement increased over the time span of the review becoming more frequent in later years. Only four measures were developed for use in harm reduction‐specific settings, and fewer than half reported undertaking analysis of underlying scale structure and constructs. Conclusion: Several gaps could be addressed to enhance the measurement of patient‐centred care in the AOD sector, including: developing experience measures for use in harm reduction settings and across various AOD settings in a service system; improved reporting of psychometric properties of these measures and increasing commitment to the meaningful involvement of AOD service users in measure development. Patient or Public Contribution: This scoping review is part of a broader codesign project that involves a partnership between the peak organisation for AOD services and the peer‐based AOD consumer organisation in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. These organisations are working closely together to engage with AOD service users, service providers and policy makers in this codesign project. As such, the Executive Director of the peer‐based AOD consumer organisation is involved as a co‐author of this scoping review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Normal physiologic birth has been shown to result in optimal maternal–infant outcomes, but the concept of physiologic birth is continually evolving. Midwives play an important role in advocating for normal physiologic birth; however, their perceptions of what this approach entails have not been systematically appraised. Objective: In this qualitative review, we aimed to examine midwives' perceived meanings of "normal physiologic birth" and to describe their experiences facilitating such births. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched, and 26 qualitative papers were included, representing a total of 433 midwives from different backgrounds (i.e., independent, home‐based, community‐based, and hospital‐based). Eligible papers were assessed for quality, and then data were coded and synthesized thematically. Results: Four highly connected themes were generated: (1) the midwife: fundamental beliefs; (2) the woman: empowerment and advocacy; (3) the environment: ambience and culture; and (4) the team: need for institutional support and recognition. The fundamental beliefs of midwives, such as their perceived role and definition of normal physiologic birth and their self‐confidence, influence practice styles and contribute to personal and professional development. Midwives often advocate for a person‐centered approach that encouraged women's and other birthing person's autonomy and involvement in shared decision‐making. The midwife–client relationship is also central. Most importantly, a conducive birthing environment and an inclusive workplace culture that encourages interprofessional support, collaboration, and recognizes midwifery practices were identified as crucial in providing optimal conditions for the facilitation of physiologic birth. Conclusions: This review provides healthcare policymakers and institutions fresh impetus to evaluate and revise as needed current workplace policies to be more inclusive and supportive of midwifery practices and physiologic birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal health‐related resources are essential for women with breast cancer, as these help them to maintain their own health and well‐being during different phases of their illness. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify, describe and synthetise what personal health‐related resources have already been identified for this patient group. We carried out an integrative review to find papers that focused on personal health‐related resources for women with breast cancer aged 18–64 years. The search covered 1 January 2005 to 31 May 2021 and was carried out using the CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. It was limited to peer‐reviewed scientific papers with abstracts published in English and 23 papers met the inclusion criteria. The data were analysed using content analysis. Personal health‐related resources for women with breast cancer consisted of three different, but inherently interconnected, categories of personal strengths, person‐centred cancer care and social support from and involvement in their cultural community. Personal health‐related resources for women with breast cancer were multifaceted. Women need nursing support to identify and use these resources and future studies are needed to strengthen how they are measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This scoping review identified studies on approaches to intact cord resuscitation and/or stabilisation (ICR/S) for neonates delivered by Caesarean section (C‐section). Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and CINAHL databases to identify papers published in English from inception to 14 November 2022. Results: We assessed 2613 studies and included 18 from 10 countries, covering 1–125 C‐sections: the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Italy, China, France, The Netherlands, New Zealand and Taiwan. The papers were published from 2014 to 2023, and the majority were randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Different platforms, equipment and staff positions in relation to the operating table were described. Options for resuscitation and stabilisation included different bedding and trolley approaches, and maintaining aseptic conditions was mainly addressed by the neonatal team scrubbing in. Hypothermia was prevented by using warm surfaces, polythene bags and radiant heaters. Equipment was kept easily accessible by mounting it on a trolley or a separate mobile pole. Conclusion: We could not reach definitive conclusions on the optimal method for performing ICR/S during a C‐section, due to study variations. However, a number of equipment and management options appeared to be feasible approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Palliative care practitioners are increasingly caring for patients and families from diverse cultural backgrounds. There is growing awareness of the influence of culture on many aspects of care in the palliative phase of an illness. However, disparities have been noted in the provision of palliative care to patients from culturally diverse backgrounds and challenges have been reported in meeting their needs and those of their families. Method: A qualitative systematic review of research papers identified through searching four databases. Papers were screened against inclusion criteria within the timeframe of January 2012 to March 2022. Data was extraction from all included studies and methodological quality assessed utilising the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool. Thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke's framework and the review is reported in line with PRISMA guidelines. Findings: The search yielded 1954 results of which 26 were included for appraisal and review. Four themes were identified: communication and connection, the role of the family in death and dying, the role of education in addressing uncertainty, and institutional and societal factors. The findings highlighted challenges of communication and a fear of acting in a culturally insensitive way, the pivotal role of the family, the need for an individualised approach to care, the universality of needs when approaching end of life and the need for education of practitioners. Conclusion: These findings suggest that healthcare practitioners draw on their existing skills to adapt their practice to meet the needs of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. However, results also indicate a need for further education and identification of educational approaches best suited to supporting healthcare professionals in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient safety is a central healthcare policy worldwide. Adverse drug events (ADE) are among the main threats to patient safety. Children are at a higher risk of ADE in each stage of medication management process. ADE rate is high in the administration stage, as the final stage of preventing medication errors in pediatrics and neonates. The most effective way to reduce ADE rate is using medication administration clinical decision support systems (MACDSSs). The present study reviewed the literature on MACDSS for neonates and pediatrics. It identified and classified the data elements that mapped onto the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard and the functionalities of these systems to guide future research. Methods: PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ProQuest databases were searched from 1995 to June 31, 2021. Studies that addressed developing or applying medication administration software for neonates and pediatrics were included. Two authors reviewed the titles, abstracts, and full texts. The quality of eligible studies was assessed based on the level of evidence. The extracted data elements were mapped onto the FHIR standard. Results: In the initial search, 4,856 papers were identified. After removing duplicates, 3,761 titles, and abstracts were screened. Finally, 56 full-text papers remained for evaluation. The full-text review of papers led to the retention of 10 papers which met the eligibility criteria. In addition, two papers from the reference lists were included. A total number of 12 papers were included for analysis. Six papers were categorized as high-level evidence. Only three papers evaluated their systems in a real environment. A variety of data elements and functionalities could be observed. Overall, 84 unique data elements were extracted from the included papers. The analysis of reported functionalities showed that 18 functionalities were implemented in these systems. Conclusion: Identifying the data elements and functionalities as a roadmap by developers can significantly improve MACDSS performance. Though many CDSSs have been developed for different medication processes in neonates and pediatrics, few have actually evaluated MACDSSs in reality. Therefore, further research is needed on the application and evaluation of MACDSSs in the real environment. Protocol Registration: (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bwbwpape). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To review the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of physiotherapy when delivered remotely. CINAHL, MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, and Cochrane Library databases (January 2015–February 2022) were searched and screened for papers (of any design) investigating remote physiotherapy. Data were extracted by two independent raters. Methodological quality of the identified papers was not assessed. Thematic content analysis drew out the key issues. Forty-one papers (including nine systemic reviews and six with meta-analyses) were selected involving musculoskeletal, stroke and neurological, pulmonary, and cardiac conditions. The most commonly delivered intervention was remote exercise provision, usually following assessment which was completed in-person. All studies, which assessed it, found that remote physiotherapy was comparably effective to in-person delivery at lower cost. Patient satisfaction was high, they found remote physiotherapy to be more accessible and convenient. It boosted confidence and motivation by reminding patients when and how to exercise but adherence was mixed. No adverse events were reported. Barriers related to access to the technology; technical problems and concerns about therapists' workload. Remote physiotherapy is safe, feasible, and acceptable to patients. Its effects are comparable with traditional care at lower cost. Remote physiotherapy is safe, feasible, and acceptable to patients with comparable effects to in-person care. Remote delivery increases access to physiotherapy especially for those who cannot travel to a treatment facility whether due to distance or disability. Remote physiotherapy may increase adherence to exercise by reminding patients when and how to exercise. Remote physiotherapy does not suit everyone, thus a hybrid system with both in-person and remote delivery may be most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The United Kingdom (UK) government's healthcare policy in the early 1990s paved the way adoption of the skills mix development and implementation of diagnostic radiographers' X-ray reporting service. Current clinical practice within the public UK healthcare system reflects the same pressures of increased demand in patient imaging and limited capacity of the reporting workforce (radiographers and radiologists) as in the 1990s. This study aimed to identify, define and assess the longitudinal macro, meso, and micro barriers and enablers to the implementation of the diagnostic radiographer musculoskeletal X-ray reporting service in the National Healthcare System (NHS) in England. Methods: Multiple independent databases were searched, including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL, and Google Scholar, as well as journal databases (Scopus, Wiley), healthcare databases (NHS Evidence Database; Cochrane Library) and grey literature databases (OpenGrey, GreyNet International, and the British Library EthOS depository) and recorded in a PRISMA flow chart. A combination of keywords, Boolean logic, truncation, parentheses and wildcards with inclusion/exclusion criteria and a time frame of 1995–2022 was applied. The literature was assessed against Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklists. With meta-aggregation to synthesize each paper, and coded using NVivo, with context grouped into macro, meso, and micro-level sources and categorised into subgroups of enablers and barriers. Results: The wide and diverse range of data (n = 241 papers) identified barriers and enablers of implementation, which were categorised into measures of macro, meso, and micro levels, and thematic categories of context, culture, environment, and leadership. Conclusion: The literature since 1995 has reframed the debates on implementation of the radiographer reporting role and has been instrumental in shaping clinical practice. There has been clear influence upon both meso (professional body) and macro-level (governmental/health service) policies and guidance, that have shaped change at micro-level NHS Trust organisations. There is evidence of a shift in culturally intrenched legacy perspectives within and between different meso-level professional bodies around skills mix acceptance and role boundaries. This has helped shape capacity building of the reporting workforce. All of which have contributed to conceptual understandings of the skills mix workforce within modern radiology services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing numbers of family carers are providing informal care in community settings. This creates a number of challenges because family carers are at risk of poor physical and psychological health outcomes, with consequences both for themselves and those for whom they provide care. General Practitioners (GPs), who play a central role in community-based care, are ideally positioned to identify, assess, and signpost carers to supports. However, there is a significant gap in the literature in respect of appropriate guidance and resources to support them in this role. Methods: A scoping review was undertaken to examine clinical guidelines and recommendations for GPs to support them in their role with family carers. This involved a multidisciplinary team, in line with Arksey & O'Malley's framework, and entailed searches of ten peer-reviewed databases and grey literature between September-November 2020. Results: The searches yielded a total of 4,651 English language papers, 35 of which met the criteria for inclusion after removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and performing full-text readings. Ten papers focused on resources/guidelines for GPs, twenty were research papers, three were review papers, one was a framework of quality markers for carer support, and one was an editorial. Data synthesis indicated that nine (90%) of the guidelines included some elements relating to the identification, assessment, and/or signposting of carers. Key strategies for identifying carers suggest that a whole practice approach is optimal, incorporating a role for the GP, practice staff, and for the use of appropriate supporting documentation. Important knowledge gaps were highlighted in respect of appropriate clinical assessment and evidence-based signposting pathways. Conclusion: Our review addresses a significant gap in the literature by providing an important synthesis of current available evidence on clinical guidelines for GPs in supporting family carers, including strategies for identification, options for assessment and potential referral/signposting routes. However, there is a need for greater transparency of the existing evidence base as well as much more research to evaluate the effectiveness and increase the routine utilisation, of clinical guidelines in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Debriefing has been pivotal in medical simulation training, but its application to the real‐world operating room environment has been challenging. We reviewed the literature on routine surgical debriefing with special reference to its implementation, barriers, and effectiveness. Design: Descriptive systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methods: Inclusion criteria were papers pertaining to debriefing in routine surgical practice. Excluded were papers reporting simulation training. We searched Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, PsychINFO, Medline, Embase, and ProQuest Theses & Dissertations Global. The last search was performed on March 14, 2022. Quality was assessed on a 21‐point checklist adapted from a standard reporting guideline. Synthesis was descriptive. Findings: The search process resulted in 19 papers. Publication dates ranged from 2007–2022. Study methods included surveys, interviews, and analysis of administrative data. Five papers involved a specific intervention. Quality scores ranged from 12–19 out of 21. On synthesis, we identified five topics: explanations of how debriefing had been implemented; the value of coaching and audit; the learning dimensions of debriefing, both team learning and quality improvement at the organizational level; the effect of debriefing on patient safety or the organization's culture; and barriers to debriefing. Conclusions: Successful implementation programs were characterized by strong commitment from management and support by frontline workers. Integration with administrative quality and safety processes, and information feedback to frontline workers are fundamental to successful debriefing programs. Clinical Relevance: Debriefing can improve teamwork, learning, and psychological safety but is difficult to practice in the operating room environment. It is relevant to review the benefits and barriers to debriefing, and to learn from the experience of others, in order to run better debriefing models in our own hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Echolalia, the repetition of others' speech, is a common observation in autistic people. Research has established that echolalia is functional and meaningful for many; however, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as pathological and in need of reduction. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the range and impact of interventions for echolalia in autistic children. Method: A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 15 studies met predetermined inclusion criteria. Screening, data extraction and quality rating using the Scientific Merit Rating Scale (SMRS) were performed in duplicate. Results: Ten interventions across 15 papers were found. Results indicated that interventions generally decreased levels of echolalia. However, there were considerable inconsistencies in the definitions and conceptualisations of echolalia, administration, generalisation techniques and the measures used. The quality of the studies was very low. Conclusion: Interventions for echolalia vary widely in terms of administration and measurement. There is limited consensus on the definition of echolalia among the reviewed studies, and no evidence that echolalia is recognised as functional or meaningful to the autistic children. Further, the lack of methodological rigour makes it difficult to draw clinical conclusions about the interventions. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known: Echolalia is the immediate or delayed repetition of others' speech and is a common observation in autistic children and in some older autistic people. While research and practice has established that echolalia is a functional and meaningful form of communication, particularly for those first developing spoken communication, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as problematic and suggest that echolalia should be reduced or eliminated. What this study adds: We systematically searched the literature about echolalia interventions to try to find out about the types of interventions that aim to reduce or eliminate echolalia. We found 15 studies on this topic. The way they defined echolalia was varied, and there was a range of interventions researched. None of the research papers recognised echolalia as functional or meaningful and the quality of the research was very low. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: Clinicians, families and researchers should think carefully and critically about suggesting any programs or supports that aim to reduce echolalia as no recommendations can be drawn from the research we studied. Echolalia should be considered functional, and efforts made to understand the meaning and purpose of echolalic speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethical climate refers to the shared perception of ethical norms and sets the scope for what is ethical and acceptable behaviour within teams. Aim: This paper sought to explore perceptions of ethical climate amongst healthcare workers as measured by the Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ), the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS) and the Ethics Environment Questionnaire (EEQ). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was utilised. PSYCINFO, CINAHL, WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched, and papers were included if they sampled healthcare workers and used the ECQ, HECS or EEQ. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval was not required. Results: The search returned 1020 results. After screening, 61 papers were included (n = 43 HECS, n = 15 ECQ, n = 3 EEQ). The overall sample size was over 17,000. The pooled mean score for the HECS was 3.60. Mean scores of individual studies ranged from 2.97 to 4.5. For the HECS studies, meta-regression was carried out. No relationship was found between the country of the studies, the study setting (ICU v non-ICU settings) or the mean years of experience that the sample had. For the ECQ, sub-scales had mean scores ranging from 3.41 (instrumental) to 4.34 (law) and were all observed to have significant and substantial heterogeneity. Three studies utilised the EEQ so further analysis was not carried out. Conclusions: The above results provide insight into the variability of scores as measured by the HECS, ECQ and EEQ. To some extent, this variability is not surprising with studies carried out across 21 countries and in a range of healthcare systems. Results also suggest that it may be that more local and context specific factors are more important when it comes to predicting ethical climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peer support has been proposed as a promising policy intervention for addressing adverse maternal and child healthcare (MCH) outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Existing reviews on peer support largely draw on evidence from high-income countries or focus on single services like breastfeeding, nutrition or postnatal care. In contrast, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the empirical literature on peer support interventions across various MCH services in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, we aim to understand how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances different forms of MCH peer support interventions contribute to improving healthcare outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: This review follows five iterative steps for undertaking realist reviews (1) defining the review scope; (2) developing initial programme theories; (3) searching for evidence; (4) selecting and appraising evidence; and (5) extracting, analysing and synthesising evidence. Four databases–Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE–were repeatedly searched between March and June 2021. From a large volume of records retrieved from the database and citation search, 61 papers have been selected for review. We will conduct a second search of the same database covering June 2021 to the present before the final extraction and synthesis. The final list of selected papers will be imported into NVivo 12 software and organised, extracted, analysed and synthesised iteratively to examine and illustrate the causal links between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of MCH peer support interventions in SSA. We have drawn on the existing literature on peer support in healthcare generally to develop initial programme theories. We will then use the empirical literature on MCH peer support interventions in SSA, inputs from a stakeholders' workshop in Ghana and a conference presentation to refine the initial programme theory. Discussion: The review will develop an explicit theory of peer support intervention in healthcare delivery and provide insights for developing evidence-informed policy on the intervention. Drawing lessons from the different national contexts and diverse areas of MCH in SSA, the review will provide an analytically generalizable programme theory that can guide intervention design and implementation. While focusing on MCH peer support interventions in SSA, the review contributes to evolving conversations on the use of theory for health policy planning and complex intervention design and implementation globally. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023427751. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While the burgeoning researcher and practitioner interest in physical literacy has stimulated new assessment approaches, the optimal tool for assessment among school-aged children remains unclear. Objective: The purpose of this review was to: (i) identify assessment instruments designed to measure physical literacy in school-aged children; (ii) map instruments to a holistic construct of physical literacy (as specified by the Australian Physical Literacy Framework); (iii) document the validity and reliability for these instruments; and (iv) assess the feasibility of these instruments for use in school environments. Design: This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 21 August, 2022) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Data Sources: Reviews of physical literacy assessments in the past 5 years (2017 +) were initially used to identify relevant assessments. Following that, a search (20 July, 2022) in six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, GlobalHealth, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was conducted for assessments that were missed/or published since publication of the reviews. Each step of screening involved evaluation from two authors, with any issues resolved through discussion with a third author. Nine instruments were identified from eight reviews. The database search identified 375 potential papers of which 67 full text papers were screened, resulting in 39 papers relevant to a physical literacy assessment. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Instruments were classified against the Australian Physical Literacy Framework and needed to have assessed at least three of the Australian Physical Literacy Framework domains (i.e., psychological, social, cognitive, and/or physical). Analyses: Instruments were assessed for five aspects of validity (test content, response processes, internal structure, relations with other variables, and the consequences of testing). Feasibility in schools was documented according to time, space, equipment, training, and qualifications. Results: Assessments with more validity/reliability evidence, according to age, were as follows: for children, the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) and Passport for Life (PFL). For older children and adolescents, the Canadian Assessment for Physical Literacy (CAPL version 2). For adolescents, the Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) and Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (PPLA-Q). Survey-based instruments were appraised to be the most feasible to administer in schools. Conclusions: This review identified optimal physical literacy assessments for children and adolescents based on current validity and reliability data. Instrument validity for specific populations was a clear gap, particularly for children with disability. While survey-based instruments were deemed the most feasible for use in schools, a comprehensive assessment may arguably require objective measures for elements in the physical domain. If a physical literacy assessment in schools is to be performed by teachers, this may require linking physical literacy to the curriculum and developing teachers' skills to develop and assess children's physical literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sick leave due to long-term stress is increasing in Finland and other Western countries. Occupational therapists might contribute to the prevention of and/or recovery from stress-related exhaustion. To describe what is known about occupational therapy for stress-related exhaustion. A five-step scoping review included papers published in six databases from 2000 to 2022. Extracted data was summarized to show the occupational therapy contribution within the literature. There were 29 papers meeting the inclusion criteria, of which a limited number described preventive interventions. Most articles described recovery-oriented occupational therapy with group interventions. The occupational therapists contributed with prevention measures, mostly targeting recovery in multi-professional interventions in terms of stress reduction or return-to-work. Occupational therapy involving stress management both prevents stress and supports recovery from stress-related exhaustion. Occupational therapists internationally use craft, nature activities or gardening as stress management measures. Occupational therapy appears to be a potential treatment option for stress-related exhaustion internationally in conditions that could also work in Finland, for example in occupational healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how papers published in international journals in palliative and end‐of‐life care report ethical approval and informed consent. A literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, the ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). A total of 169 empirical studies from 101 journals were deductively coded and analysed. The results showed that 5% of publications provided no information on ethical approval, 12% reported minimal information, 56% reported rudimentary information, and 27% reported comprehensive details. We also found that 13% did not report any information on informed consent, 17% reported minimal information, 50% reported rudimentary information, and 19% reported comprehensive details. The prevalence of missing and incomplete ethical statements and inadequate reporting of informed consent processes in recent publications raises concerns and highlights the need for improvement. We suggest that journals advocate high reporting standards and potentially reject papers that do not meet ethical requirements, as this is the quickest path to improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim was to examine the extent and scope of empirical research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital. Background: In a time of global nursing shortage, identifying variables that could positively contribute to the retention of the nursing workforce is essential. Prior research has shown that psychological capital correlates positively with employees' better performance and well‐being. Design: A scoping review. Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus covering the period from 1 January 2005 to 7 May 2023. Review methods: The JBI methodological guidance for scoping reviews was followed. The results were summarized narratively. Results: A total of 111 studies reported in 114 peer‐reviewed articles were included. Studies were carried out across 20 countries, with the majority from China (45), Australia (nine), Pakistan (nine), Canada (eight), South Korea (eight) and the United States (eight). A positive correlation was found between registered nurses' psychological capital and desirable work‐related outcomes, such as work engagement, commitment and retention intention. Conclusion: A comprehensive overview of research evidence suggests that psychological capital is associated with many positive work‐related outcomes and might therefore be a valuable resource for reducing nurse turnover. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The concept of psychological capital has been originally developed in the field of positive psychology.Psychological capital has been positively associated with many employees' desired work‐related outcomes, for example better performance, positive attitudes and well‐being.Nursing workforce researchers are increasingly interested in psychological capital as an emerging concept. What this paper adds: This review of 111 studies presents a broad overview of the research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital conducted in 20 countries.Psychological capital correlated positively with newly graduated nurses' and registered nurses' positive, work‐related outcomes such as engagement and retention intention as well as lower burnout level. The implications of this paper: Findings from this review can inform nurse managers and leaders who develop and implement strategies to promote staff well‐being and retention.Strengthening psychological capital might be beneficial both for individual registered nurses and the healthcare organizations where they work.There is a need for future research to investigate psychological capital outside the hospital settings and with longitudinal designs. The instruments identified need more cross‐cultural validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non‐critical care hospital wards is a stressful event for the registered nurse; stress may negatively affect performance. Delays in initiating basic life support and following current basic life support algorithms have been reported globally. Aim: The aim of this review was to investigate factors that can affect registered nurses' experiences of performing basic life support. Methods: Using the five‐step integrative literature review method from Whittemore and Knafl, this review searched articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 for qualitative and quantitative primary studies from the databases CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Medline (Web of Science), Scopus and PubMed. Results: Nine studies from eight countries met the inclusion criteria and were appraised here. Five themes relating to factors affecting the performance of basic life support were found during this review: staff interaction issues, confidence concerns, fear of harm and potential litigation, defibrillation concerns and basic life support training issues. Conclusions: This review revealed several concerns experienced by registered nurses in performing basic life support and highlights a lack of research. Factors affecting nurses' experiences need to be understood. This will allow education to focus on consideration of human factors, or non‐technical skills during basic life support training, as well as technical skills, to improve outcomes for patients experiencing an in‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In‐hospital basic life support is not always performed at expected levels.There is very little information on factors affecting registered nurses' experiences in performing basic life support, especially in non‐critical areas.Although human factors, such as teamwork, have recently been added to cardiopulmonary resuscitation education, these are poorly understood regarding ward nurses' real‐life experiences. What this paper adds? Factors impacting registered nurses' performance of basic life support in non‐critical care wards included staff interaction issues, confidence concerns, fear of harm and potential litigation, defibrillation concerns and basic life support training issues. The implications of this paper: Factors affecting nurses in performing basic life support need to be understood in order to improve performance.The identification of barriers from the literature allows educators to include targeted discussion and education within basic life support training to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool among nurses. Background: Mental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool, focusing on nurses. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022. Review Methods: Following the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random‐effects meta‐analysis conducted. Results: Findings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front‐line nurses increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion: These findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Mental workload is a key element that can affect nursing performance and patient safety outcomes.Nursing is a stressful occupation, and nurses are at risk for high levels of mental workload. What this paper adds? The review, which involved 31 studies and 16,189 nurses around the world, found that nurses experienced high mental workloads, and identified several factors that contributed to their mental workload.This meta‐analysis identified trends indicating that that nurses from developing countries and those working in emergency departments may suffer higher mental workloads. The implications of this paper: Systematic evaluation of nurses' mental workload is important because it significantly affects nurses' work performance.Due to high heterogeneity, the findings should be considered with caution, and more high‐quality studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Kingdom, people with non-white ethnicities are more likely to report being in worse health conditions and have poorer experiences of healthcare services than white counterparts. The voices of those of Black ethnicities are often merged in literature among other non-white ethnicities. This literature review aims to analyse studies that investigate Black participant experiences of primary care in the UK. We conducted a systematic literature review searching Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Social Policy and Practice, CINAHL plus, Psych INFO and Global Health with specific search terms for appropriate studies. No publish date limit was applied. 40 papers (39 articles and 1 thesis) were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. A number of major themes emerged. Patient expectations of healthcare and the health seeking behaviour impacted their interactions with health systems in the UK. Both language and finances emerged as barriers through which some Black participants interacted with primary care services. (Mis)trust of clinicians and the health system was a common theme that often negatively impacted views of UK primary care services. The social context of the primary care service and instances of a cultural disconnect also impacted views of primary care services. Some papers detail patients recognising differential treatment based on ethnicity. The review included the voices of primary care professionals where descriptions of Black patients were overwhelmingly negative. Views and experiences of Black groups may be radically different to other ethnic minorities and thus, should be teased out of broader umbrella terms like Black and Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) and Black Minority Ethnic (BME). To address ethnicity-based health inequalities, culturally sensitive interventions that engage with the impacted community including co-designed interventions should be considered while acknowledging the implications of being racialised as Black in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Unmet supportive care needs (SCN) refer to perceived gaps in the support parents want to manage caregiving activities for children with chronic health conditions (CHC) and the support received. This review aims to systematically identify the unmet SCN of families with children living with five common paediatric CHC and characterise the assessment tools used to measure SCN. Design: Systematic review methodology with narrative synthesis of data. Reporting followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. Method: Literature searches were conducted in electronic databases Medline complete, PsycINFO, CINHAL and EMBASE to retrieve relevant articles published between 1990 and July 2022. Eligible studies involved (i) children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with either of cancer, congenital heart disease (CHD), diabetes, asthma, renal disease and (ii) assessment of unmet SCN. Studies involving children with genetic or developmental conditions were excluded. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using JBI assessment tool. Results: Of 6223 articles screened, 34 papers were included (25 quantitative, 5 qualitative and 4 mixed design). Most papers explored unmet needs of families with cancer (n = 26). The remaining articles concerned CHD (n = 5), asthma (n = 2) and mixed CHC (n = 1, renal failure, and diabetes). Information (e.g. treatment, lifestyle, etc.) and health care (e.g. emotional support, practical services, etc.) were the most common unmet need domains across health conditions. A variety of methods and need assessments hampered comparisons between studies both across and within CHC. Conclusion: Irrespective of illness, addressing unmet informational or health care needs may help to optimise outcomes and care for children and families living with common CHC. There was considerable variation in reporting styles, study design and need assessments both within and across conditions. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Health care professionals must routinely evaluate the type, quality and quantity of psychoeducation and support that families of children with CHC want and receive. Providing nurses with more effective strategies to assess child and family needs across a broad range of domains may help to increase understanding of where further support for families is required. Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public contribution to this study as it involved a systematic review of existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the intergenerational transmission of family violence is associated with numerous negative outcomes, interventions are needed to interrupt this cycle. Our aim is to review the family violence intervention literature and to assess whether and how interventions interrupt the intergenerational transmission of family violence. Papers about interventions were identified through database searches (PubMed, JSTOR, CINAHL, PsycINFO), supplemented by review of references and relevant review papers. Eligibility criteria included: empirical studies detailing interventions to interrupt or prevent child abuse/maltreatment and/or intimate partner violence, published between January 2000 and August 2020, and written in English. Of the 14 papers included in this narrative review, only 3 explicitly stated that they aimed to break the cycle of family violence; 12 papers came from high-income countries, and 10 focused on individuals, with half focusing on mothers. We identify effective intervention approaches, including long-term one-on-one coaching and home visits to improve parenting. Results demonstrate a dose–response relationship, suggesting the lasting value of increased intervention frequency and duration. We highlight gaps in the literature, including the need for interventions in low-income countries, and those geared toward fathers and neighborhoods/communities. We also examine the many methodological challenges of this work, such as possible biases related to the use of retrospective data, lack of objective outcome measures, and absence of long-term follow-up. Our recommendations for future research include incorporating trauma-informed frameworks, developing standardized definitions and measures to facilitate the comparison of intervention results, and designing more interventions specifically for fathers/husbands and for the prevention of intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing call for arts-health and community arts professionals to work in 'trauma informed ways' to prevent re-traumatisation and promote healing. This paper reports on a scoping review of existing literature that deal with trauma aware and informed practice and its applications in arts-health and community arts. Trauma informed practice does not seek to target or treat trauma but, rather, seeks to provide a safer and more informed space for people who experience post-traumatic stress conditions and symptoms to engage in facilitated arts activities. We particularly examine the extent to which existing literature acknowledges the presence of oppression-related collective trauma – such as racial trauma – and offers appropriate creative, anti-oppressive and trauma aware practice approaches. A total of 19 articles were included following librarian input and team checking. Included articles were written in English, published in peer reviewed academic journals, included a creative arts component, and adopted an intentional trauma informed or aware approach to practice. An additional three sources were included as part of descriptive synthesis to foreground leading First Nations resources for practice. Although no specific guidelines for trauma aware practice in arts-health or community arts were found, findings are consolidated at the end of the paper to offer interim principles, values and activities for trauma aware and informed practice in arts-health and community arts. Findings can also inform general trauma related research and therapy by highlighting the growing role of arts and creativity in responding to diverse experiences of trauma and its effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]