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Essential oils are composed of terpenes, some of which have properties related to healing. Bursera schlechtendalii essential oil (BSEO) is used to heal superficial wounds. However, there have been no studies verifying this property. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the healing activity of BSEO in a murine model and to propose the roles of its chemical components in this process. Healing activity was evaluated by an incision model, histological analysis was performed, and tensile strength and antibacterial activity were measured. The chemical composition of BSEO was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the mechanisms of action of each chemical component during the phases of the healing process were proposed. In addition, acute dermal toxicity was evaluated. BSEO showed better wound closure at the macroscopic, histological, and tensile strength levels compared to controls and had an antibacterial effect. The major compound in BSEO was α-phellandrene. However, most of the monoterpenes identified in BSEO were in agreement with information found in the literature, so the possibility of synergy between the chemical components and their different targets in the healing process was schematically proposed. BSEO was shown to be safe in the dermal toxicity evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cronartium pini causes economic losses especially on Scots pine in northern Europe. Scots pine reacts to rust infection by resin flow. The chemicals enriched in wood after Cronartium infection have not been investigated before. We investigated resin acids and mono‐ and sesquiterpenes produced in Cronartium‐infected wood. Cronartium‐infected wood was extracted with acetone, and the extractives were analysed by GC‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and compared to those from control wood. Among resin acids, abietic acid, levopimaric acid, palustric acid, dehydroabietic acid and neoabietic acid were the richest (32–68 mg/g) in Cronartium‐infected wood. Among monoterpenes, concentration of α‐pinene was the highest (49 mg/g) in Cronartium‐infected wood. Concentrations of all monoterpenes and resin acids and most sesquiterpenes were significantly higher (1.3‐ to 108‐fold) in Cronartium‐infected wood compared to control wood. In the control wood, the extractive content was greater (1.1‐ to 14‐fold) than in the literature suggesting that the chemical processes were strongly affected by the rust. The results suggest that terpenes and resin acids are produced by the host to protect it from Cronartium rust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-Carene, α-pinene, and limonene α-(dimethylamino)oximes were converted to glycidyl ethers at the oxime hydroxyl. The compounds obtained were involved in the reactions with amines, imidazole, as well as with anions of these dimethylamino oximes. The glycidyl ether epoxide ring opening by amines under microwave irradiation conditions proceeds considerably faster than upon convection heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]