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Nanomaterial-based cell sheet technology has been reported to be an effective method in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here, we summarized several types of nanomaterials used to harvest cell sheets. Currently, the technology is divided into four categories according to the mechanisms: light-induced cell sheet technology, thermo-responsive cell sheet technology, magnetic-controlled cell sheet technology, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell sheet technology. Furthermore, some studies have been conducted to show that nanomaterial-based cell sheets produce satisfying outcomes in the regeneration of bone, skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, and tendon, as well as angiogenesis and osseointegration. Nevertheless, some shortcomings still exist, such as comprehensive preparation, unclear safety, and cell quality. Thus, future studies should aim to produce more types of nanomaterials to solve this problem. [Display omitted] • Mechanisms of four types of cell sheet detachment have been discussed. • Applications of nanomaterials-based cell sheet technology have been listed. • Advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterials have been summarized. • Potential nanomaterials for cell sheet technology have been illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetically modified cell sheet technology is emerging as a promising biomedical tool to deliver therapeutic genes for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Virus-based gene transfection and non-viral gene transfection have been used to fabricate genetically modified cell sheets. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown various beneficial effects of genetically modified cell sheets in the regeneration of bone, periodontal tissue, cartilage and nerves, as well as the amelioration of dental implant osseointegration, myocardial infarction, skeletal muscle ischemia and kidney injury. Furthermore, this technology provides a potential treatment option for various hereditary diseases. However, the method has several limitations, such as safety concerns and difficulties in controlling transgene expression. Therefore, recent studies explored efficient and safe gene transfection methods, prolonged and controllable transgene expression and their potential application in personalized and precision medicine. This review summarizes various types of genetically modified cell sheets, preparation procedures, therapeutic applications and possible improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]