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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder and most common cause of ovarian dysfunction in women of reproductive age group. Clinical manifestations of PCOS range from mild signs of hyperandrogenism to the classic Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Aims: To correlate between ultrasonographic findings, clinical features, and hormonal profile in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: The present study was a Cross-sectional study. This study was conducted from January 2021 to February 2023 at the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Katuri Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Result: FSH levels were low to normal in 85.3% of the patients with >12 follicles, 86.8% of the patients with 2-9 mm follicular size, 87.3% of the patients with >10cc ovarian volume, and 94% of the patients with EMT>10mm. The mean FSH level is lower in patients with 2-9mm follicles compared to patients with >9mm follicular size. Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that ultrasonographic ovarian features like follicular number and ovarian volume show significant positive correlations with LH level as well as positive correlations with LH/FSH ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age group at a global level. According to many community-based studies, the prevalence of PCOS in India ranges from 3.7 to 22.5% due to the country's enormous population. Upon ultrasound, it shows multiple cysts arranged in a bead of necklace-like appearance causing irregular menstrual cycles and infertility in most cases. It is manifested with abnormally raised testosterone and insulin levels and increased luteinizing hormone (LH)-to-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio. Phenotypically, it is presented as obesity, hirsutism, acne and male pattern baldness, which impacts the self-esteem of young girls leading to depression and compromised quality of life. Aim: Numerous potential genes have been shown to contribute to PCOS, and the genetic linkage of PCOS has been investigated in many studies. In this study we are looking into the candidate genes, the variants, and other responsible factors behind the genesis of PCOS. This will help in better understanding of its pathogenesis and, as a result, deciphering the mechanism by proper medication. Method of the study: We comprehensively searched for publications including PCOS-relevant keywords in different areas in five different electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholars, Elsevier, Springer Link and Science Direct up to March 2023 focusing on the new ones. We excluded non-English articles, conference papers and studies that were overlapping. Chosen articles were carefully read and further articles that were retrieved from their references were also reviewed so as to make the search complete with the inclusion criterion. Result: This review summarizes PCOS as an polygenic and a multifactorial complex disease in which a vast array of genetic and environmental factors are involved. Genes that affect steroidogenesis (ovarian and adrenal), gonadotropin action and regulation, insulin action and secretion, body mass index and chronic inflammation are directly or indirectly associated with PCOS. Conclusion: In this study, research of the genetic propensity to PCOS was made, though not in-depth. With the acquired knowledge of array of genes involved, targeted efforts can be made for the potential therapeutic management of the PCOS patients via the novel discovered routes. Moreover, understanding more about PCOS would be beneficial in prevention of the associated metabolic disorders, life-threatening morbidities, restoring fertility and raising the self-esteem of the young women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]