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The time interval between one pregnancy and the next is a modifiable risk factor, and has an effect on pregnancy outcomes. This study compared the effects of short interpregnancy interval (IPI) on fetal birthweight and selected pregnancy outcomes amongst parturients in Enugu, Nigeria. Group A (Subjects) consisted of parturients with short IPI (IPI < 18 months), while group B (Controls) consisted of parturients with normal IPI (IPI ≥ 18 months). Relevant obstetric data were collected at delivery. Mean birthweight was 2664.13 ± 339.25g vs 3670.63 ± 452.69g in women with short IPI and normal IPI respectively (p <.0001). Women with short IPI were more likely to have low birthweight babies compared to those with normal IPI (OR = 7.331, p <.001). Maternal anaemia, preeclampsia and caesarean delivery were significantly more associated with short IPI. Women with short IPI are at greater risk of delivering newborn babies with significantly lower mean birthweight and other associated pregnancy complications than women with normal IPI. What is already known on this subject? Short interpregnancy interval has an adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes as shown in studies from Europe and the Americas. What do the results of this study add? This study adds to the body of evidence of the deleterious effects of inadequately spaced pregnancies and draws attention to this in West Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, and an area with low contribution to studies on the effect of short IPI on pregnancy outcomes. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? With evidence from our own environment, it will further boost evidence for proper education of our mothers on the need for adequate birth spacing to avoid the adverse effects of a short IPI on the next pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]