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The purpose of the article is to analyse the main technologies of production of the tracing paper, to determine their characteristics and their influence on the state of preservation and methods of restoration. To describe the practical experience of restoration on the example of two projects executed on the tracing paper by architect P. Alyoshyn (projects). Methodology: analyse the art, methods of systematization, comparison, and generalization to determine the optimal methods of restoration and conservation measures for the preservation of heritage on the tracing paper. The scientific novelty consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of a comprehensive study of the main features and the implementation of restoration and conservation measures to preserve the works of architectural graphics on the tracing paper. Conclusions. The analysis of factors that should be considered when carrying out conservation and restoration measures for the preservation of collections made on tracing paper allow us to apply the experience gained in practice of preservation of monuments. It is established that the types and methods of making tracing paper affect the state of preservation and selection of methods for restoration and conservation processes. The successful practical experience of restoration of two works by architect P. Alyoshyn executed on tracing paper - "Concert hall" and "Facade of the Zemsky house" is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the following paper is to unpack the construction processes behind global architecture that have remained conceptually under-theorized and empirically unexplored. This is achieved by shifting the focus away from the brand-name global architects to the invisible, less prominent project architects employed in their celebrity offices. Based on the analysis of qualitative interviews, the paper conceptualizes project architects as key intermediaries and systematizes their embodied practices of intermediation enacted between design and execution. Project architects are revealed as key actors who negotiate between design ideas and the local contingencies, bridging between different sites of materialization. By introducing the conceptual lens of practices of intermediation, the paper explores how architecture takes its physical form, elucidating the micro-geographies behind construction processes. The construction of global architecture is hereby conceptualized as a 'building event', as a situated 'performance', during which professionals can transgress cognitive boundaries between design knowledge and execution expertise, and formal boundaries, defined by contracts, regulatory framework, and organizational hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-four capitals of Nazi-occupied countries suffered grievously under the jackboot heel of the Third Reich. Herzog exemplifies the best the Third Reich might have amounted to save for Hitler's depraved and delusional influence (which Herzog despises). At the same time Manet's many factories produce armaments for the Third Reich, and he has a delighted Lucien design new showcase factories. [Extracted from the article]

Current New Zealand (New Zealand Building Code), Australian (National Construction Code) and American (International Building Code) building codes include deemed-to-satisfy requirements for a given proportion of a house's floor area (e.g. 10%) to be in windows. These, plus the current English Building Regulations, also require a proportion of windows to be openable (e.g. one-half or 5% of the floor area). A detailed summary table supported by code extracts is used to trace the evolution of these requirements. Even the architects of antiquity provided only rules for window proportions but not for window area or size based on room dimensions. The paper demonstrates the evolution of this 21st century requirement follows a direct line to the English 1859 model ' Byelaws as to New Streets and Buildings '. Prior to that date, only two rules from 1842 (room volume based) and 1734 (height and volume based) have been found which gave a required window area based on room size. It is hypothesised that one of these led to the current rules. Although the current proportion rules may be appropriate, no empirical research-based origin has been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enable off-site construction (OSC), architects must finalize construction details in their design deliverables as early as possible, particularly in a building information modeling (BIM) environment, to enhance design constructability and project efficiency. However, most architects lack construction knowledge and practical experience, which impedes their ability to incorporate design-specific construction input (i.e., manufacturing, logistics, assembly, and installation demands) into BIM processes at the early stages. This deficiency can lead to errors, rework, and ultimately increased construction costs. To address this challenge, this study introduces an innovative approach to incorporate constructability knowledge into architectural design processes for BIM-enabled OSC projects. The methodology involved retrospective case studies of two completed OSC projects utilizing a component-centric analysis framework. This analysis resulted in an ontology of construction-specific design features that identified 11 types of constructability issues and the characterization of nine design feature classes that were categorized into three groups: substance; intersection; and composition. These feature classes and their 29 attributes were rigorously characterized from the perspective of BIM-enabled architectural design. This feature-based approach not only extends the BIM vocabulary and semantics from an architectural standpoint but also encapsulates construction knowledge as an integral input to architectural design. Additionally, three strategies were identified, analyzed, and summarized to inform these design features and attributes and to evaluate their effectiveness of addressing constructability issues. The study's ontological approach assists architects in acquiring a comprehensive understanding of design-specific construction knowledge, enabling them to differentiate, locate, and integrate critical types of constructability information into BIM-enabled architectural design deliverables early in the project delivery process. This paper is a foundational step in the development of automated modeling, algorithms, and constructability assessment for BIM-enabled architectural design deliverables, aimed at achieving a more streamlined construction process. Practical Applications: The study presents several practical implications for the OSC industry, aimed at bridging the gap between architectural design and actual construction through BIM-enabled architectural design. First, the proposed construction-specific ontology of design features can assist architects in identifying and incorporating essential constructability information into BIM. Second, these design features and their attributes cover a broad spectrum of construction-specific design information, going beyond geometric details to include the semantics associated with constructability constraints and design considerations while exploring alternative design strategies and tools. Third, these design features and attributes act as a structured "construction information checklist," which systematically guides architects in the early design stages to ensure comprehensive inclusion of all necessary construction-specific design information. Essentially, this checklist offers architects a preliminary method for incorporating constructability knowledge within a BIM environment at the initial phases of the architectural design process for OSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the architect's role in construction contracts is vital for improving the contractual relationship and preventing disputes. Standard contracts define the architect as an owner's agent and/or a contract administrator. Studies often use qualitative and subjective evaluations to analyze the architect's role. However, there is a lack of quantitative measures that objectively evaluate the architect's capacities in construction contracts. This paper fills this knowledge gap. This study proposes a quantitative graph theory-based approach to analyze the architect's roles under three standard forms of construction contracts in the US: (1) extracting and classifying party interactions; (2) modeling the interactions using network analysis; (3) conducting an expert-based survey to determine the importance of the interactions; and (4) developing the architect's-capacity score (ACS) as an index that depicts the architect's roles into one interpretable measure. The calculated ACS established the American Institute of Architects (AIA) at the upper end of the spectrum followed by the Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee contract and then finally the ConsensusDocs with the lowest score. Such delineates the architect's presence under the AIA contract as both an owner's agent as well as a contract's administrator. The EJCDC contract processes reflected the architect's role to be more of an owner's agent. Finally, the ConsensusDocs represented the lowest score due to the lack of the architect's presence in most contract processes. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a methodological approach that mediates the subjectivity entailed in the evaluation of the architect's role: one quantifiable measure. Similarly, Utilizing ACS enables project parties to customize the architect's involvement in the construction phase through tailored contractual arrangements. This quantification of the architect's role promotes a clearer understanding of the architect's expectations, fostering enhanced communication and trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to study the trajectory of the architect Frei Otto (FO) using an exploratory analysis of his projects, which pays special attention to the conceptual and chronological temporal evolution, the type of structures designed, and the relationship with his partners for his built and unbuilt projects. In the latter case, the projects developed, not requested, that are not part of his built works have been approached (i.e., not considered under competition). The main results indicate that FO's architectural trajectory, from a chronological point of view, was intense, which is generally reflected throughout the years. The 1950s–1970s were very productive. In addition to the large number of projects, there were innovative designs for quantity and structural innovation in Germany and other countries (e.g., France and Saudi Arabia). The analyses that were carried out made it possible to ascertain FO's professional and academic influence, which has been reflected in his projects. Likewise, his relationships with his collaborators have been long-lasting in some cases. Practical Applications: This work aimed to study the work of the architect and engineer Frei Otto (FO), of recognized prestige by the awards received and his colleagues. Some mention the scarce diffusion of his work. The interest of this work lies mainly in making known to professionals, academics, and the general public, in a short format, such as that used in scientific papers, the design of his structures, built and unbuilt. As Félix Candela mentions about FO's career, he is a typical and outstanding example of architectural innovation who concentrated his vocation and efforts on the study and research of tensile structures. His international projection and toward the citizen, give Frei Otto academic interest. This work is developed from different perspectives, which include chronological, type of structure, the location and function of the project, and the collaborators he worked with, with whom he shared his innovation and construction activities. Attention has been paid to a collection of unpublished or little-known projects by FO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future is the first fundamental projection for architecture. Architecture has a duration in time, which often goes beyond the very life of its designer, so it is in itself a time machine, which must inexorably come to terms with projections of the future. Through a review of utopias in the field of architectural design over the last few centuries, this paper intends to explore utopian aspirations for the future spatial ideal of architectural education and the dialectic of its need to be 'realized'. The findings indicate that the futurescapes of architectural education requires cross-fertilization through interdisciplinarity, which emerges from the bottom up, generating contributing scenarios from the community; the adaptability of scenarios that are dynamic and in turn can generate variables in constant transformation; the temporal stratigraphy of the built environment, involving the coexistence of artifacts from different eras within the same space, and the need for reconciliation and sustainability; as well as the need for interdisciplinarity and "out of the box" thinking that contributes to a greater awareness of non-traditional approaches. From the perspective of design education, the futurescapes, through experimentation in literature research and educational practice, it is evident that in the educational practice of fostering the next generation of architects and designers, they need to be capable of more than assessing issues from the perspective of design and community, not only to face current challenges but also to design the future they desire for themselves and the communities in which people live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an insight that opens up systemic flaws with regulatory bodies and a considerable blind spot in professional indemnity insurance. This is an eye-opening analysis of an industry that is closely tied to building surveyors, structural engineers, valuers, architects and — by extension — lawyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a method for appraising research paper quality eligible for evidence-based design (EBD). It mentions its aims in shifting research findings into the practice of design for architects. It also notes an algorithm and its role in guiding designers in evaluating the degree of evidence.

Focuses on the collections of the Scottish Architects' Papers Preservation Project. Buchanan Campbell; Carr and Matthew; J. and J.A. Carrick; Dick Peddie and McKay.

Focuses on the preservation and conservation of architects' papers in Scotland. Cataloguing of materials; Use and promotion of archive collections; Architectural heritage.

This paper explores the processes of naming streets in four Swedish post-asylum landscapes and, consequently, the processes of constructing heritage. The paper shows that the memorialisation of (1) hospital buildings, staff members and architects; (2) the hospitals surrounding nature and park landscape; and (3) historical periods predating the hospital and the time of deinstitutionalisation are central ways in which heritage is constructed. The paper further explores how different discourses materialise in the name-giving processes. The examples are further discussed in relation to arguments made by scholars about how the past of the post-asylum landscape is remembered. In doing so, assumptions about what the heritage of post-asylum landscapes consists of are critically discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choice architecture describes the environment in which choices are presented to decision-makers. In recent years, public and private actors have looked at choice architecture with great interest as they seek to influence human behaviour. These actors are typically called choice architects. Increasingly, however, this role of architecting choice is not performed by a human choice architect, but an algorithm or artificial intelligence, powered by a stream of Big Data and infused with an objective it has been programmed to maximise. We call this entity the autonomous choice architect. In this paper, we present an account of why artificial intelligence can fulfil the role of a choice architect and why this creates problems of transparency, responsibility and accountability for nudges. We argue that choice architects, be them autonomous computational systems or human-beings, at a most basic level select, from a range of designs, the design which is most likely to maximise a pre-determined objective. We then proceed to argue that, given the growing demand for targeted, personalised choice architecture and for faster, dynamic reconfigurations of choice architecture, as well as the ever-expanding pool of data from which feedback can be drawn, the role of the human choice architect is increasingly obscured behind algorithmic, artificially intelligent systems. We provide a discussion of the implications of autonomous choice architects, focusing on the importance of the humans who programme these systems, ultimately arguing that despite technological advances, the responsibility of choice architecture and influence remains firmly one human beings must bear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a conference paper about "Next Generation" libraries. It cites changes that impacted library design such as developments in active collaborative and discursive learning and the transformation brought about by information technology. It discusses the Workshop Process utilized by the Iahznummo architects in building consensus for innovation in library design that involves all stakeholders, citing processes involved in libraries in Australia.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the radical shift which emerges in the 1990s and enhances architecture in the 2000s by turning it into a less sculptural more intellectual field of design. Hence, architects rather focus on ground than figure in design projects. This leads them to interrogate the conventional relationships between figure and ground enabling figure to dominate the ground in architecture for decades. They discover the mutual relationships between figure and ground, and design grounded structures instead of ungrounded sculptures. These artificial structures seem like the extensions of the natural landscape, as such the conceptual and categorical distinction between artificial and natural blurs in architecture. Another conceptual blurring emerges between the concepts of landscape, ground, and field. These are generally used as interchangeable concepts, but landscape encompasses ground and field, making it a more comprehensive concept for architects. It is revealed in the paper that landscape is a reemerging concept which refers to the conceptual shift from form and function to flow and force in architecture. Landscape, therefore, awaits to be explored as a field of flows and forces by even more architects in this century in which cities are characterized by sculptural forms and objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1960s and 1970s, interdisciplinary collaborations among architects, designers, and artists represented an important aspect of Croatian architecture. This paper examines the institutional frameworks and conditions that facilitated such integrative practices. It recognizes the key participants and underscores a change in the underlying motives and other contributing factors for their collaborations across the decades. The paper also classifies the predominant building types resulting from such collaborations and prevalent social and political ambitions. Specific examples, such as institutional buildings, tourist facilities, and commercial buildings, illustrate the outcomes of these interdisciplinary endeavours. The analysis offers insights into the underlying factors and significance of these collaborations in shaping Croatian architectural practices during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Paris Opera designed by Garnier, focusing specifically on those parts of the building that form the backdrop described by Leroux in "The Phantom of the Opera". These elements have also served as inspiration for various subsequent film adaptations. The study delves into Garnier's theories on theater/opera architecture and Leroux's literary creation, contrasting them with film adaptations of Leroux's work. These adaptations demonstrate the close relationship between literature, cinema, and architecture, generally adhering to the principles of the French architect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Villa Karma's authorship is as a rule ascribed to Adolf Loos. According to most accounts, the villa was formed by taking an existing structure and extending it upwards and sideways, in the period between 1903 and 1906. However, as a matter of fact, at that time the construction of the new parts and the transformation of the existing building had only just begun. The period in which the Zagreb architect Hugo Ehrlich was involved in the design and building of Karma stretched from 1908 to 1912; it was then that the villa took on its final external appearance. At the same time the grounds were landscaped, and the interior spaces were defined according to Ehrlich's designs. The hall and the library are an exception, for Ehrlich produced them in line with Loos's approach and in part with materials already sourced. An examination of the documentation kept in three countries has shown that the claim that Ehrlich was just the contractor for the building of designs previously defined by Loos is untenable. The original style can be correlated with a series of formal motifs in the works of Hugo Ehrlich or Viktor Kovačić at the time they were working together, which was contemporaneous with the period in which Karma was undergoing its finalisation. The most telling confirmation of Ehrlich's work consists of several hundred drawings from Ehrlich's personal papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the types of work that jurists have historically undertaken and maps how opportunities for legal practice have been shaped by social origins across three centuries: after constitutional independence in the mid‐1800s, during industrial capitalism in the mid‐1900s, and at present‐day advanced capitalism. I analyze historical archive data on law graduates from the 19th and 20th centuries in combination with administrative registry data from the 1990s onwards and employ correspondence analysis to explore how social backgrounds shape careers, considering transformations in class structures and the changing significance of juridical expertise over time. Within each period, jurists have served in very different roles including those that craft and cater to the institutional make‐up of the state and the markets. My analysis shows that the impact of social origin on occupational outcomes has undergone significant changes, mirroring shifts in the broader social structure; from the importance of legal and political capital (within regional jurisdictions) in the 19th century to the significance of economic capital as the main structuring principle, but also a greater significance of cultural capital, in contemporary times. The ability to reach the most powerful positions among law graduates—within the polity in the 19th century, and the economy in the 21st century—has been differently structured by origins. I argue that expansion of the student body, the declining standing of the university, and heightened differentiation of the social structure and the juridical field have made intimate familiarity with the business world pivotal for forging mutually beneficial alliances between jurists and the increasingly dominant capitalist class. Today, a select group of jurists have managed to connect with and contribute to the rising power of private capital. Thus, the historical tale of jurists cannot be accurately captured by notions of uniform descent from national power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the architectural design and cultural significance of Villa Namazee, a modernist building designed by Italian architect Gio Ponti in Tehran. The study explores how the building, once a symbol of modernity and progress, has been neglected, delisted from the national heritage, and fallen into disrepair. Focusing primarily on the case of Villa Namazee in Tehran, Iran, as an example of Ponti's projects in the Middle Eastern context, the second part of this paper aims to reconsider and re-narrate Gio Ponti's project in Tehran. In this context, the article sheds light on the nationally and internationally prominent concepts, ideas, collaborations, and design elements of Gio Ponti's project in Tehran. The paper argues for reevaluating our understanding of heritage and recognizing the importance of preserving modern architectural masterpieces such as Villa Namazee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of Architect/Engineer (A/E) is one of the critical decisions made by owners early in a project. Given that architects and engineers are not commodities; therefore, the assessment of A/E firms should be based on their qualifications. This paper attempts to quantitatively assess and understand the effects of A/E capabilities on project performance. To achieve this, a model was developed to identify the correlations between A/E consultant qualification, project characteristics, and project outcomes. Afterwards, it was validated using a prediction model developed using artificial neural networks implemented on a case study of 18 projects. This model connects the gap between the consultant procurement decision and its impact on the management performance and outcomes of a project. Furthermore, this paper offers an understanding of current procurement practices, as well as presenting the common evaluation criteria and their respective weights as adopted by several public owners in Alberta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides an original unknown work by the architect Leonardo de Figueroa initiated in the last days of his life. It consisted of the enlargement of a chapel belonging to the Brotherhood of The Arrest of Jesus in the Sevillian church of Santa Lucia. The work began in the second half of the 1720s and continued until the 1730s. The absence of documents on this commission went unnoticed by historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Top-Down models are defined by hardware architects to provide information on the utilization of different hardware components. The target is to isolate the users from the complexity of the hardware architecture while giving them insight into how efficiently the code uses the resources. In this paper, we explore the applicability of four Top-Down models defined for different hardware architectures powering state-of-the-art HPC clusters (Intel Skylake, Fujitsu A64FX, IBM Power9, and Huawei Kunpeng 920) and propose a model for AMD Zen 2. We study a parallel CFD code used for scientific production to compare these five Top-Down models. We evaluate the level of insight achieved, the clarity of the information, the ease of use, and the conclusions each allows us to reach. Our study indicates that the Top-Down model makes it very difficult for a performance analyst to spot inefficiencies in complex scientific codes without delving deep into micro-architecture details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of the twentieth century brought many progressive ideas in the field of architecture and urban planning that are also reflected in modernist urban residential estates. These modern structures and spatial compositions reflected the need for good quality of living in healthy urban, natural and social environment. The paper focuses on two estates of the German Werkbund located in Wrocław (WUWA, Poland) and Stuttgart (Weissenhof, Germany), which due to their uniqueness constitute tourist attractions of both cities. The main objective of the comparative analysis was to identify model solutions for making historic housing estates available to visitors, shaping an attractive tourist product from entire urban complexes based on architecture and open spaces, simultaneously maintaining the balance of their basic social and tourist functions and the principles of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To positively strengthen the relationship between the physical character of a palliative environment (PE) and the service users who reside, visit or work in it, the architectural design process should adopt a human-centred approach. Implementing this approach would imply 'looking through the eyes of service users'. Since practical and ethical factors seem to prevent architects from engaging directly with service users in PEs, this paper studies the appearance of architectural-rich service users' experiences within PEs in the existing literature. In addition, we wonder why research knowledge in this field seem to remain confined to academic discourse and how academia can increase the transfer of 'designerly' know-how to support the architectural design process of human-centred PEs. In doing so, we propose the designerly scoping review, a methodology that customizes a scoping review in a more relevant and friendly way to architects. This review resulted in thirteen spatial aspects, divided over four atmospheres and linked to actual service users' experiences with(in) PEs. While the review showed that theoretical knowledge is available in this particular field, the 'architectural richness' is often lacking in current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinko Kovačić is a prominent Croatian architect and university professor. His design approach is characterised by exceptional empathy that results in architectural works of intense connection with the environment as well as with that of their future users. Although many of Kovačić's works have been published in the daily press and professional publications, the complete oeuvre of this architect has so far not been the subject of scientific research. The aim of this scientific work is to look at his specific design approach based on the analysis of representative examples. Research methods in this paper include the analysis of primary and secondary sources and on-site observation. The article gives a systematic presentation of Dinko Kovačić's work as related to his specific approach, which integrates the modernism of the second half of the 20th century and the Mediterranean tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chair design is one of the most demanding and most challenging tasks for designers, to which creative efforts of numerous architects have been continuously linked. Since the beginning of the twentieth century the intensity of these efforts has not diminished. By creating an ideal microcosm around an essential everyday object, architects also express their understanding of space and time. A chair, like architecture, occupies a position in space that it also defines. The paper analyses three groups of chairs characteristic of the 20th century, different in terms of typology and morphology. Their architectonics are marked by a specific functional, formal and constructive idea, by concrete production possibilities and by technological procedures in the working of individual materials. Notably, reclining chairs, cantilever chairs with steel tube constructions and office chairs. The model of analysis put forward could also serve as a point of departure for future more extensive research into the same, or different, typological and morphological design. Three Croatian chair models are placed in the context of the pertaining design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard Neutra's architecture is known full well due to several publications. They sometimes contain elegant perspectives of presentation made by the architect in its day to illustrate his projects. However, his travel sketches have been hardly studied and, to the best of our knowledge, they have not yet been analyzed in a specialized paper. The present study has the aim to set some of these sketches, currently housed in the Library Digital Collections of the University of California in Los Angeles, in context and make them public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernando Cavestany (1922-1974) was an architect whose short but intense professional career always went hand in hand with a passion for drawing. Even as a student, and later as a practicing architect, he worked as an illustrator for the magazine Revista Nacional de Arquitectura, as did Joaquín Vaquero Turcios, José Luis Picardo, Ramón Vázquez Molezún, and more. This article aims to be a first probe into the graphic work of Fernando Cavestany. To this end, RNA has been used as guiding thread, given that it was the medium he most assiduously published his drawings in. In addition to showing the Madrid architect's drawing skills, this paper seeks to uphold the work of draftspersons, drawing attention to how their drawings, always one of a kind, added expressive quality to architecture journals. In Fernando Cavestany's case, the range of techniques and themes was broad, but there is a prevalence of the spur-of-the-moment travel sketch, which he relished doing all his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary China, ‘experimental architecture’ depicts the rise of independent architectural explorations offered by a group of young Chinese architects in the mid-1990s. These young Chinese architects claimed to have established an autonomous architecture, distant from commercial interventions. This research examines the credibility of architectural autonomy stated by these architects in light of the field theory put forward by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Through this interdisciplinary perspective, the paper focuses on the often overlooked interpersonal networks of critics, architects, and publishers. Through analysing their roles in promoting these experimental architects on the basis of professional publications, this research argues that the notion of architectural autonomy is constituted by a symbiotic collaboration among these actors through a discursive approach and architectural autonomy, despite indicating an architectural resistance against commercial forces, serves a commodity sold in the cultural market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the consideration of the problems generated by the disorderly growth of the Andalusian cities in the 1960's, this paper proposes to analyze how a change of orientation occurred during the Transition in the search for the solution of these problems in the urban field, hand in hand with the neighborhood movement and various professional groups, specially that of architects. In particular, the article considers this collaboration essential to understand the change from a remedial urban planning to a more proactive one, with a morfologist root, materialized in the generation of Local Urban Plans approved by the first democratic City Councils throughout the 1980's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architects have increasingly turned to Machine learning techniques to streamline various aspects of the architectural design process. Although ML excels at discovering intricate patterns, predicting architectural design parameters through ML remains relatively unexplored. The complexity of the design process entails aspects that affect the form generation process. This paper investigated the feasibility of a framework that employed ML algorithms to predict numeric values for creating 3D models. A single villa was designed parametrically to generate hundreds of samples ensuring a human-centered design process. Four datasets were created from the samples for predicting form and windows parameters. Various regression and classification algorithms were applied, with ensemble learning methods demonstrating impressive performance across all datasets. Regression tasks achieved high R2 of up to 0.97, 0.79, and 0.99 while the best classification algorithm achieved 98 % accuracy. These findings underscored the potential efficacy of the framework in predicting architectural parameters, contingent upon well-designed datasets. [Display omitted] • Machine learning approaches can serve as human-centered in architectural design. • Creating a numeric data set of architectural parameters requires being thoughtfully designed with correlated variables. • Machine learning models can find the patterns and predict the building's parameters with well-developed data sets. • Ensemble learning models can give high accuracy and R2 scores in problems related to predicting architectural parameters. • Utilizing machine learning in the form generation phase can automate the design process giving precise parameters values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of a project, architects convey design ideas via quick 2D diagrams, front views, floor plans, and sketches. Consequently, many stakeholders have difficulty visualizing the 3D representation of the building mass, leading to varied interpretations thus inhibiting a shared understanding of the design. To alleviate the challenge, this paper proposes a deep learning-based method, Vitruvio, for creating a 3D model from a single perspective sketch. This method allows designers to automatically generate 3D representations in real-time based on their initial sketches and thus communicate effectively and intuitively to the client. Vitruvio adapts the Occupancy Network to perform single view reconstruction (SVR), a technique for creating 3D representations from a single image. Vitruvio achieves: (1) an 18% increase in the reconstruction accuracy and (2) a 26% reduction in the inference time compared to the Occupancy Network on one thousand buildings provided by the New York municipality. This research investigates the effect that the building orientation has on the reconstruction quality, discovering that Vitruvio can capture fine-grain details in complex buildings when their native orientation is preserved during training, as opposed to the SVR's standard practice that aligns every building to its canonical pose. The code is available here https://github.com/CDInstitute/Vitruvio. • We introduced a learning-based method for single perspective sketch-to-3D applications in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. • We adapted a previous state-of-the-art Conditional Variational Autoencoder (Occupancy Network) to scalable datasets. • We showed qualitatively and quantitatively how the building orientation affects the reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social theories and humanitarian movements, despite their good intentions, have had limited effectiveness. This paper introduces Socio-Systemic science as a conceptual and implementation framework designed for effective high impact systemic action. The science of Socio-Systemic impact is led by the Social Architect who understands how to consciously catalyse key drivers of systemic change. The rise of a systems-based worldview forms the basis of a new way of understanding modern problems, inferring the kind of thinking and leadership required today. The Social Architect is a new entity in this development, working to apply grounded sociological science and understandings of natural systems to improving the human condition. Where traditional activism falls short through structural illiteracy and continually stumbles in engaging mere symptoms of world issues, the Social Architects act as the compassionate analysts addressing the systemic causes of world issues. We can no longer turn a blind eye to structural violence and systemic failure. Inside the dark heart of structural violence are the keys of societal re-architecting that are in fact our only hope out of it. The first part of this paper outlines the science of Socio-Systemic impact. The second part explains how to put the science into practice; reviews current implementation methods being deployed by leading Social Architects; outlines the key skills and roles of the Social Architect working individually as well as strategies for integral systemic action, and, lastly, suggests further action strategies and prospects for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the first Lithuanian art historical publication by proffessor and art historian Joseph Saunders, who read it in Vilnius University in November 1815. The article titled "Knowledge about Szymon Czechovicz's Life and Creations" is considered to be the beginning of historiographical research in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Similarly to the first art historian Giorgio Vasari and his "Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects" (published in 1550), Saunders reminds his readers of a forgotten painter (who made multiple portraits and religious scenes), and underlines his accomplishments and talent. Following the Vasarian tradition, Saunders brings attention to Czechovicz's life, his character, and his approach to art. Much like Vasari, Saunders is interested in the artist's soul, virtues and morale, and is emphasizing their importance in his philosophic reflections about art and artists. By comparing Saunders' article with the scheme of the "Lives" by Vasari, the paper suggests that Vasari could have been a model art historian, and argues that his methods of analysis were applied by Saunders in the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional Organizations (ROs) have become a central pillar of governance beyond the nation-state. This paper investigates why European states turned into architects of regional regime complexity: they have created and joined numerous different ROs and equipped them with a broad range of different policy competencies. Thereby, European states – some more than others – have increasingly duplicated identical policy competencies in multiple ROs. The phenomenon is puzzling as it is potentially costly and might undermine the effectiveness of regional cooperation especially if incompatible regional rules trigger non-compliance. Therefore, we ask why states differ in the extent to which they cover identical competencies in different ROs. Drawing on a unique dataset and analyzing cross-sectional temporal variation, we show that both indirect factors, such as late accessions and the number of states in Europe, as well as direct factors, such as state power and democracy, drive regional regime complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the graduation thesis Architect Ignjat Fischer's Hotel Lišanj, Novi Vinodolski, in the south of Primorsko-Goranska County near Crikvenica, built in 1923. The hotel was designed by a well-known architect from Zagreb, Ignjat Fisher, who developed the project before the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1917. The paper analyzes the history of Hotel Lišanj, which intertwines with the development of tourism in Novi Vinodolski. The analysis is focused on the historic building of the hotel. A review of the phases of reconstruction of the hotel from the 1923 until today, and a functional analysis of today's buildingin comparison to Hotel Esplanade in Crikvenica with a similar history is given. The method of hotel reconstruction was "addition" of new volumes in contemporary style, which design should have adapted to the context. Poor consistency and quality of new hotel facilities is probably the reason why hotel chains intuitively advertise themselves primarily with historic buildings. Although the imperial architecture aimed at uniformity of architectural expression, as the time passes, these buildings give an added value to an even more uniform contemporaneity, bearing witness to the multiple layers of the region's history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to elucidate reflections of technological transition today through the ‘unity’ of living and manufactured components of building design. Technological advances enable living organisms from algae to humans, and many more, to become useful tools to create interior and structural elements for buildings. Thus, designing with living organisms has become a growing phenomenon in architecture by transforming building components into ‘biobuilding’ components. In this paper, this phenomenon is critiqued through the bonds between the concepts of nature, technology, and building design, from contemporary studies to the highlights back in history. Overall, the paper gives architects insights on the envisioned future that presents a harmony between natural and building environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is centred on the Survey of Portuguese Popular Architecture, organized between 1955 and 1961 by the Portuguese Union of Architects. Based on testimonies and interviews with some architects who conducted the Survey, the paper aims at recovering the memory of the fieldwork on which the Survey was based. The paper is mostly based on the transcription of the interviews. These not only vividly recover the routines, adventures and incidents of the fieldwork, but also provide a very realistic portrait of rural Portugal in the 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the use of drawing by the two architects in some of their most significant publications, either separately or together, starting with the 1972 book España Dibujada (Spain Portrayed). I have reviewed in detail their close to thirty books, selecting some of the most representative drawings. The most outstanding conclusion is that one of the most basic characteristics of their graphic expression is linear drawings, sometimes very synthetically constructed, and sometimes with added watercolour, but always with a great architectural accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]