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This paper aims to understand the schooling / (dis) qualification of workers in the countryside and the city, with the arrival of agro-industrial complex in the western region of Santa Catarina, from the formal education of youth and adult, dedicated to training simple and part of the workers. The region has a dependent relationship with large agricultural industries, like Brazil Foods (BRF), Aurora and diplomat Industrial e Comercial Ltda. Using this approach, workers of the countryside and the city, experience a dialectical relationship of (dis) qualifications, opposite the agroindustrial capital. The reported text using the method of dialectical materialism, in which capital and labor are not separate but united dialectically in capitalist production. The study area comprises the town of Xaxim in the west of Santa Catarina, characterized by the presence of an agribusiness of birds, as well as significant trade and services sector, aimed to serve mostly the needs of the agroindustrial capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that the discourse of palm oil production for biodiesel constitutes a frontier ideology. Around it, the representation of space endowed with comparative advantages is reedited. To do so, it is based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, and in company reports, as well as interviews with company representatives. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, in the first part examines the palm oil production, consumption and global trade, indicating that it is destined to the food, cosmetics and hygiene industry. The second shows the new frontier ideology promoted by palm oil at the beginning of the 21st century, highlighting the analytical pertinence of this category to interpret territorial dynamics of the Amazonia agrarian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This full paper has made part of a huge one project titled "For a geography in the baiano west". Full paper which one was developed in the area in Geography's graduation in the Institute of Ambient Sciences and Sustainable Development at Federal university from Bahia (ICAD/UFBA) and had like a point to analyze one of the areas of agricultural modernization of the northeast region in Brazil, the Baiano's West, it understands while a product historically constructed in order to recognize the paper of the work and the technological conquests in the estructuration of the territory, in the regional differentiation and the particularityes of the place. It's really important to consider the changes of Baiano's West occurred of the introduction of informacional-scientific-technician way had introduced new relations on the space, with implications of social, cultural, politics and ambient order, which it needs to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a study based on the Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning (STSP) method, focusing the biodiesel production chain of Rio Grande do Sul State. The aim of the study was to identify key elements to comprehend the systemic structure of interaction among the ties of this chain. The study was held by a team of specialists over five months, including 15 meetings. Discussions were based on quantitative and qualitative data and a systemic map was constructed and refined. Based on this modeling, four different prospective scenarios were comparatively analyzed in order to propose strategic actions to promote the sustainability and competitiveness of the chain. The results were then presented to two different groups of external specialists in order to validate the conclusions drawn and the proposals. Both groups agreed with the ideas presented. The paper is constructed as follows: a brief introduction focusing on contextual elements of the biodiesel production in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Sul; some background material regarding agroindustrial production chains and an overview of the biodiesel production chain of interest; a description of the method used to perform the research; main results and discussion; and conclusions. With this paper the authors also hope to contribute to the discussion regarding competitiveness and sustainability of biofuel chains in Brazil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In recent years, agro-industrial residues are focusing attention worldwide as a new source of pozzolans; in Brazil one of the wastes generated from agro-industrial activities comes from elephant grass that is cultivated as biomass for energy cogeneration. The goal of this paper is to analyze the influence of elephant grass, once activated at 700 °C for 1 h in electric furnace, on the evolution of the hydration reaction as well as physical and mechanical properties in blended cement elaborated with 20% of elephant grass ash. For the present study, different instrumental techniques of characterization and methodologies (XRF, XRD, TG/DTG, mercury porosimetry, isothermal calorimetry and mechanical strength) were used. The results obtained in the present work show, that due to its high pozzolanic activity, the elephant grass ash activated at 700 °C can be used as an alternative pozzolan in the blended cement manufacture. Additions of 20% of ash confirm the formation of CSH gels and hexagonal C 4 AH 13 as main products from hydration as well as pozzolanic reaction. The 20% ash blended cement showed lower heat evolution than OPC and similar to the 20% silica fume blended cement, a 12% of reduction of compressive strength and an important reduction of pore sizes below 50 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature analyzing the spatial distribution of scientific and technological production in Brazil identifies differences in the regional distribution of scientific and technological resources. In this paper, we contribute to this discussion, by analyzing the dynamics of the production of new scientific knowledge in the states that contributed the most to national scientific production in the period 2000–10: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, also known as the ‘scientific quartet’. Our hypothesis is that even with federal policies aimed at the expansion and decentralization of the production of new scientific knowledge, this production is still strongly anchored in the ‘scientific quartet’. We further identify a concentration of scientific production in three major areas of knowledge: agricultural, biological and health sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of geographical concentration of companies with forest-based activities in Três Lagoas-MS and region, taking into account the main characteristics of the configuration of a cluster and its importance to the local and regional economic development. The research was conducted through a single case study, integrated with multiple units of analysis, in a qualitative and exploratory approach. Were analyzed secondary data, supplementing it with technical visits and observations in the agroindustrial complex forest industries. The research results show that there are indications of the presence of a cluster in the embryonic stage, which can be nominated as the cluster of pulp and paper-based resources and cluster type of transnational corporations. The scenario is promising to open new enterprises and diversification of production forest based, drawing on the support and encouragement of public policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of Brazilian cellulose production in the last years and, linked to it, the expansion of tree monocultivation are recent phenomena with serious economical, social, and specially territorial consequences. Advocates of this production, direct or indirect representatives of capital, and State agents look at it as a clear sign of the country's "vocation" for such activities, given its productivity and competitiveness, which are absolutely superior to those of any other country in the world. Besides the discourse, however, the Brazilian case should be understood as a manifestation of the process of fragmentation and geographical extension of the paper production circuit, now globalized, in which the complementary production movement includes Brazil, due to some specific natural and social conditions. In Brazil, it is concomitantly starting a process of moving cellulose production into the countryside. Such process is guided by national or foreign corporations' blind interest in reducing production expenses, and it is also performed through the establishment of mega enterprises in places distant from the dynamic center of the national economy. The present work aims at presenting and questioning some of the main aspects of these phenomena, as well as the most outstanding issues in relation to work (and to workers), and to the territories which have been affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing international economic order has been heavily shaped by US power and the US has been a key driver of globalisation and neoliberal economic restructuring, prompting speculation about whether the rise of new developing country powers could rupture the current trajectory of neoliberal globalisation. This paper analyses the case of Brazil at the World Trade Organization (WTO), a core institution in global economic governance. In the last decade, Brazil successfully waged two landmark trade disputes against the US and EU and created a coalition of developing countries – the G20 – which brought an end to the dominance of the US and EU at the WTO and made their trade policies a central target of the Doha Round. Brazil's activism has been widely hailed as a major victory for developing countries. However, I argue that rather than challenging the neoliberal agenda of the WTO, Brazil has emerged as one of the most vocal advocates of free market globalisation and the push to expand and liberalise global markets. I show that Brazil's stance has been driven by the rise of its export-oriented agribusiness sector. This case demonstrates that business actors from the Global South are becoming significant new protagonists in global economic governance; they are taking the tools created by the states and corporations of the Global North – in this case, the WTO and its neoliberal discourse – and turning them against their originators. At the same time, their interests are being wrapped in and advanced through a discourse of development and social justice and a strategic mobilisation of the politics of the North-South divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, the overwhelming expansion of the global agribusiness on new areas of the Cerrado, creates functional regions specialized in the production of agricultural commodities, such as the West of Bahia. With accelerated growth of crops like soybeans, corn and cotton in addition to livestock, on the one hand, reach high volumes of production and increase productivity levels, on the other, reproduce social inequality and poverty/land in cities and rural areas due to the destruction of nature, labor exploitation and abuse of wealth and income concentration. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the imbalance between economic growth and social development of the three main cities of this region: Barreiras, Luís Eduardo Magalhães and São Desidério. The extreme social inequality divides the economy of the regional space into two distinct sides: the territory of the territory of the rich and poor, the "territory of the progress" of modern large agribusiness farms and gated communities and "precarious territory" of the numerous and growing suburbs of cities. To change this reality of the abusive concentration of wealth and income, it is necessary to combat the ideological discourse and practice of macro-scale reproduction of the capital of modern agriculture, to provide universal access to collective goods and services and make decent living and working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is the result of a survey into the relationship between rural settlements infrastructure and economic development in São Paulo (Brazil) and it makes comparisons between Araraquara and Pontal do Paranapanema areas. This paper proposes a study of group dynamics with the social relations model seeking to understand the socio-political contexts in which the settlements are integrated. We discussed the particular circumstances that have caused social tensions, emphasizing the settled families, social movements, technicians and public managers, the presence of agro-industrial complexes, and other regional economic agents. An examination of different types of partnerships with the agro-industrial complexes - for production of commodities - was performed and, as indicative of new perspectives, other forms of improvement and the integration of settlements in urban areas through public policies for food security. Accordingly, we seek to give the study an interdisciplinary character, integrating dimensions of social, environmental and economic analysis on these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's most influential development agency, the World Bank Group (WBG), is the leading actor in development finance and plays a central role in global efforts to protect the environment. Following the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, the institution was responsible for all investment projects of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which was then newly established to serve as the interim financial mechanism for the United Nations Conventions on Climate Change and Biodiversity. The promise that the GEF would lead to the “greening” of development finance remains largely unfulfilled. More recently the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change appointed the WBG as the interim trustee of the new Green Climate Fund which plans to mobilize an estimated US$ 100 billion per year by 2020. While the World Bank Group plays this critical role in global environmental efforts, its main business continues to be lending for development. This includes the financing of large-scale infrastructure projects, agribusiness, large dams as well as investments in gas, oil and mining. This regular lending portfolio for development is often at odds with environmental sustainability. For example, despite the growing area of climate finance, support for fossil fuel projects continues to be dominant in the institution's lending for the energy sector. Another climate-related area is the World Bank's pioneering role in advancing REDD+, an initiative designed to reduce the emission of global green house gases by integrating efforts to protect forest areas into global carbon markets. Ultimately, its success will depend on addressing sensitive questions such as land ownership, forest governance and the equitable sharing of benefits. In conclusion the paper considers the underlying corporate culture and the difficulties in reconciling environmental and social sustainability with the institution's supply-side driven focus on meeting lending targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze what extent the location inluences the internationalization process of Brazilian companies. From ive models of internationalization, that key concept is cross compared to explain the empirical analysis of the cases. The research is characterized by its longitudinal approach and methodological procedures based on the adaptive theory. Data analysis was performed in two stages: descriptive and the method of constant comparison, both using ATLAS/ti software. Based on the concept properties, four signiicant events emerged, with distinct dominance over time: trends, and comparative locational advantages (transactional and comparative) and disadvantages. The results show that the comparative advantages were decisive for the start of the internationalization and boosted the trends in the region. Transactional beneits are present in later stages, acquired through the opening of subsidiaries abroad. Locational disadvantages were also perceived throughout the whole process due to unforeseen chance events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of sugarcane as an energy source makes Brazil responsible for one of the most important renewable energy programmes in the world. Besides being an important strategic and cheap option, the partial substitution of ethanol for gasoline in the country's automobile fleet has a strong environmental appeal: it contributes to improving the air quality in urban areas and to the reduction of emissions of greenhouse-effect gases. Fuels derived from sugarcane, which include ethanol, sugarcane processed stalks, known as bagasse, and sugarcane straw are the driving force behind profound changes in Brazil's agriculture, industry and energy supply. These renewable fuels are already the second-most important source of energy in the country, accounting for 16% of the country's entire consumption, behind only petroleum. This paper presents the current status and future perspectives of the sugarcane agribusiness in Brazil, highlighting the advances in productivity, costs and exports, the environmental and social benefits of their products and the main challenges facing its future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the application of the Statistical Information System classifications in force in Brazil in the agro-industrial production chain, thus filling a gap in the literature of agricultural sciences. Due to its prominence in the sector, in terms of production / marketing / exports, it was selected the productive chain of the oil-juice-citrus Brazilian industry. The goal is to identify each classification position in the chain and downstream and upstream demands for each activity and product. Considering the statistical system, it was analyzed the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE) and the Mercosul Common Nomenclature (NCM). It was consulted the statistical information of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the United Nations (UN), besides the specific scientific literature. In general, these classifications of economic activities and products are not mutually exclusionary but can overlap each other with relative ease and minimal intervention. Despite the many existing segmentation, both the supply chain and the classifications from this work are set correctly. The productive chain of the oil-juice-citrus Brazilian industry involves these activities: cultivation, production, harvesting, processing of juices and related, industrial utilization of by-products and waste / scrap, packing houses, distribution, marketing and consumption. The products are: agricultural inputs, orange (fruit), juices, essential oils, aromatic waters, terpenes, terpenoids, limonene, fragrance and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates and analyses the process of building a knowledge management (KM) model at Brazil's Embrapa (The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). Embrapa is a world class knowledge organization whose mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian agribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer. The qualitative research strategy used was the study of a single case with incorporated units of analysis and two criteria were observed for the judgment of the quality of the research project: validity of the construct and reliability. Multiple sources of evidence were used and data analysis consisted of three flows of activities: data reduction, data displays and conclusion drawing/verification. The results revealed a robust KM model made of four dynamic axes: (i) strategy (a strategic conception of information and knowledge use), (ii) environment - four different groups of enabling conditions (social-behavioral, information/communication, cognitive/epistemic and business/managerial), sine qua non conditions for successful implementation, (iii) tool box - sets of IT tools and managerial practices and (iv) results - in terms of outputs, being both tangible and intangible assets. The conclusions suggest that a collaborative building of a KM model in a diverse and geographically dispersed organization is more likely to succeed than one that is build and implemented from the top-down perspective. Embrapa's KM Model is more inclined to be a knowledge-based view of organization than merely a KM model. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Important information about the Brazilian agribusiness, population and economy are presented in this paper, as well as details of beef production, market, industry and production system, to inform people involved in meat industry about details on demography, production, economy and production systems of a country that is the largest player in beef exports in the world and that uses, mostly, Bos indicus based bovine population, reared under pasture conditions, for meat production purposes. Herd size, genetic evaluation programs, quantity of beef produced and market is informed, with figures about the global and major players’ production. Some discussion related to environmental concerns, methane emission and carbon fixation is also presented, as well as meat quality. Meat quality of fed animals is also compared with beef from animals that are raised in pasture conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In face the increasingly valuation of the traditional agro-foods products and the more and more social and economic vulnerability in the Latin-American rural localities, there is one trend to vertical integration of the production through agro-industrialization in the family farm. The central objective of this paper is to point and to analyze the importance of the family agroindustries in the dynamic of development of Brazilian rural areas, specially the agro-industries trajectories in the South of country. This study it is based in common indicators to show the importance of small agro-industries for the process of improvement of family farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attempt of the Brazilian agribusiness dominant class to link the political actions of the MST with the terrorist actions of contemporary such groups, trough the media of the great press, is the object of analysis of this paper. This maneuver can be evidenced by the analysis of two objetcts - an article published in a major press magazine and a referral of a bill in Congress - and the existent connections between them. In desconstructing this association it is intended to expose the counterpoint of accusatory argument of the violent character of the MST, by exposing the data that indicates that the violent áreas are those related to the agribusiness expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses recent changes in Brazilian agricultural policies, which are seen as linked to new forms of market intervention emerging at the end of the 1980s. Using an institutionalist approach, particularly with regard to forms of governance, we identify three distinct phases that characterize the development of Brazilian agricultural policy over the last thirty years. First, with the formation and constitution of sectorial interests, the state engaged in a sort of ‘regulatory fury,’ from which modern Brazilian agriculture springs. Later, under the pressure of budgetary difficulties and with the emancipation of relevant social actors, we enter a period of ‘controlled autonomy’ in the different sectors of the agro-industrial complex. Finally, under the conditions of ‘commercial opening,’ the fiscal crisis of the state and the increasing role of foreign capital, decision-making arenas multiply and the state's role in the management of agricultural policy diminishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gas emissions related to food production in selected countries around the world in 2000, 2007, and 2014 were analyzed in this paper. In recent decades, many studies have suggested that greenhouse gas emissions mostly caused by agricultural production should be reduced. However, a low-carbon agricultural sector often involves a reduction in inputs, which may result in smaller production volumes. Nevertheless, the overarching goal should be to maintain food production at a sufficient level to meet the population's food requirements. Food production is particularly important in the context of the forecasted growth of the world population. In this situation, greenhouse gas emissions per product unit should be regarded as a key indicator that reflects the environmental sustainability level of production processes. Defined as such, environmental sustainability was examined across the entire food production system—referred to as agribusiness. This study calculated the emissions of major greenhouse gases related to food production and compared them to the GDP of agribusiness. The average ratio of the agribusiness carbon footprint to GDP in countries examined was nearly 2 kg of CO 2 equivalent/USD in 2000. This value kept decreasing during the study period, reaching 1.21 in 2014. A decrease in the ratio was recorded despite an increase in agribusiness greenhouse gas emissions, which validated the research hypothesis that an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from agribusiness does not necessarily reflect a decline in the environmental performance of agribusiness production. This is especially true for China and Brazil, whose greenhouse gas emissions related to food production increased considerably in the years examined in this study along with a clear decline in emission levels per unit of agribusiness GDP. This study is innovative, because the literature does not provide any similar calculations for the food production subsystem, especially regarding emission levels per production unit. This approach required the authors to integrate the calculation methods used in agribusiness production with those applicable to agribusiness greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, this study relied on consistent methods developed by the authors to calculate these values. The research adds to existing literature by calculating the carbon footprint for the entire food production system, and it argues that better environmental performance of agribusiness production can be achieved despite higher greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a review related to the obtainment of cellulose from different structures in agro-industrial residues, both for application in the food industry and for the reinforcement of other materials. Cellulose nanofibers are produced by the heart of palm (Bactris gasipaes) industry in Brazil and are used as a stabilizer in avocado oil emulsions; conversely, cellulose nanocrystals are produced in waste from the tequila industry (Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul) in Jalisco, Mexico, and are used for reinforcement applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]