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The paper argues that the discourse of palm oil production for biodiesel constitutes a frontier ideology. Around it, the representation of space endowed with comparative advantages is reedited. To do so, it is based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, and in company reports, as well as interviews with company representatives. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, in the first part examines the palm oil production, consumption and global trade, indicating that it is destined to the food, cosmetics and hygiene industry. The second shows the new frontier ideology promoted by palm oil at the beginning of the 21st century, highlighting the analytical pertinence of this category to interpret territorial dynamics of the Amazonia agrarian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]