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This study analyzes driver's injury severity in single- and two-vehicle crashes and compares the effects of explanatory variables among various types of crashes. The study identified factors affecting injury severity and their effects on severity levels using 5-year crash records for provincial highways in Ontario, Canada. Considering heteroscedasticity in the effects of explanatory variables on injury severity, the heteroscedastic ordered logit (HOL) models were developed for single- and two-vehicle crashes separately. The results of the models show that there exists heteroscedasticity for young drivers (≤30), safety equipment and ejection in the single-vehicle crash model, and female drivers, safety equipment and head-on collision in the two-vehicle crash models. The results also show that young car drivers have opposite effects between single-car and car-car crashes, and sideswipe crashes have opposite effects between car-car and truck-truck crashes. The study demonstrates that separate HOL models for single-vehicle and different types of two-vehicle crashes can identify differential effects of factors on driver's injury severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the crashes that occur at midblock called “midblock crashes” in an urban arterial road. The association of midblock crashes with various factors was examined using the 7-year (2000–2006) crash data on a section of a divided arterial road in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. To account for difference in traffic volume and road geometric factors between two directions of travel in a divided road, the data were collected for two directions separately. The results of log-linear models using these bidirectional data show that midblock crashes are more likely to occur on the road sections with access points and high percentage of trucks (>20%). The results of logistic regression models show that median opening, driver age/gender, lighting, time of day, and day of week are associated with different types of crashes classified by the vehicles involved in crashes. The study shows the importance of analyzing midblock crashes using the bidirectional data by vehicle type in urban divided arterial roads with high truck volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]