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[Objective] The present paper aimed at determining the occurrence of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in tobacco in Guizhou and the genetic evolution relationship between the ChiVMV strains in Guizhou and in other provinces in China, so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures. [Method] 80 tobacco leaf samples suspected of virus infection were collected from the tobacco fields of Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and Tongren in Guizhou province, showing the symptoms of leaf mottling, wrinkling, necrosis and mosaic. Multiple viral primers were designed to detect the collected samples by RT-PCR method, and the detected ChiVMV was further amplified by PCR to obtain the whole genome sequence of Guizhou tobacco ChiVMV. Based on all ChiVMV genome sequences published by NCBI, sequence consistency analysis was performed and phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed to study the genetic evolutionary relationship of Guizhou ChiVMV tobacco isolates. [Result] The results of RT-PCR showed that the detection rate of ChiVMV was 37. 50%, the detection rate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was 48. 75%, and the detection rate of potato virus Y (PVY) was 35. 00%. The detection rate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was only 8. 75%. Four complex infection types TMV + PVY, PVY + ChiVMV, PVY + CMV and ChiVMV + PVY + TMV were detected, and the detection rates were 26. 25%, 6. 25%, 10. 00% and 3. 75%, respectively. Guizhou tobacco isolate ChiVMV-GZ (GenBank: OP589298) was obtained by PCR. Sequence consistency analysis showed that ChivMV-GZ was identical with tomato isolates from Sichuan (KC711055) and Sichuan tobacco isolates (MK405594) with high sequence consistency (98. 70% and 98. 50%). Phylogenetic tree was constructed and it found that ChivMV-GZ clustered with ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [Conclusion] The damage of ChiVMV in Guizhou tobacco has been increasingly serious and sufficient attention should be paid. ChiVMV-GZ was isolated from Guizhou tobacco and amplified to obtain the whole genome of the virus in the study. Based on genetic evolution analysis, it was found that ChiVMV-GZ was most closely related to ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to this study, no species of Pseudophanias Raffray had been reported from Nanling, a vast biodiversity conservation area that spans five provinces in southern China. In this paper, three new species of the genus are described: Pseudophanias furcilobus sp. nov. (Guizhou, Guangxi), P. leigong sp. nov. (Guizhou), and P. mulun sp. nov. (Guangxi), suggesting that additional study on the diversity of this group in the area is required. These species are characterized, keyed, and compared to similar congeners, supplemented with illustrations of the habitus and other morphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unbalanced pattern of population urbanization in Guizhou is mainly restricted by natural background conditions such as karst landform environment, and is also closely related to economic and geographical factors such as the developing difference in various regions in the province, the number and density of cities and towns. Based on the regional differences in the population scale and density in the Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses the regional distribution of the number, density and hierarchical status of towns, and analyzes the internal relationship between urban distribution and regional geographical factors such as population, immigration, historical construction, economic development and ethnic situation, which can deepen the understanding of the evolution process of Guizhou's population distribution and urbanization pattern, and provide a certain historical basis for Guizhou's population development and urbanization policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental problems caused by the development and utilization of mineral resources have become important factors affecting ecological security. Guizhou is a Chinese province with relatively developed paleoweathered sedimentary bauxite deposits, abundant resource reserves, and a long history of mining. And, the demand for bauxite in Guizhou is expected to continue to grow. However, long-term or unreasonable resource development has produced a series of prominent environmental problems, such as the occupation and destruction of land resources and heavy metal pollution in soil and water bodies. Based on the existing research results in China and abroad, this paper analyzes the current situation, distribution characteristics, and development and utilization of bauxite resources in Guizhou to explain the corresponding environmental impacts. The results show that because of the many types and high concentrations of associated elements in bauxite and the high alkalinity, heavy metal components, and radioactive elements in red mud, the development and utilization of bauxite resources are associated with higher environmental risk. And more impact of bauxite mining on regional biodiversity, soil, air, surface water, and groundwater need to be evaluated. This paper also proposes coping strategies or countermeasures of environmental governance and control to achieve the green, sustainable and high-quality development of bauxite-related industries for meeting future environmental requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do provincial governments change policy, even when those policies have proven successful? This paper explores a debate regarding the determinants of provincial policy choice and the degree of discretion provinces are permitted in this area. It does so by scrutinizing the shift in Guizhou's development policy from a poverty reduction orientation to a wholehearted pursuit of economic growth, urbanization and industrialization. In contrast to those who argue that central experience, prospects for promotion or local conditions are key factors explaining policy choice, the paper concludes that Guizhou's shift in policy had more to do with the backgrounds and experiences of top provincial leaders. The result has implications for our understanding of central–local relations and local government decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to adverse geological conditions, intense human engineering activities, and extreme weather conditions, catastrophic landslides have frequently occurred in southwest China, causing severe loss of life and property. Identifying the kinematic features of potential landslides can effectively support landslide hazard prevention. This study proposes a remote sensing identification method for rotational, planar traction, and planar thrust slides based on geomorphic features as well as vertical and slope-oriented deformation rates. Rotational landslides are characterized by similar vertical and horizontal deformation rates, with vertical deformation mainly occurring at the head and gradually decreasing along the slope, while horizontal deformation mainly occurs at the foot and gradually increases along the slope. As for the planar slide, the dominant deformation is in the horizontal direction. It is further classified into the planar traction and planar thrust types according to the driving position. The vertical deformation of planar traction slides is concentrated at the foot, while the vertical deformation of planar thrust slides is concentrated at the head of the landslide. We identified 1 rotational landslide, 10 planar traction landslides and 10 planar thrust landslides in the basalt weathering crust area of Guizhou. Field investigations of three landslides verified the method's accuracy. Combining two-dimensional rainfall and time-series deformations, we found that there is a significant positive correlation between landslide deformation acceleration and precipitation. The landslide kinematic identification method proposed in this paper overcomes the shortcomings of the inability to accurately characterize landslide motion by line-of-sight displacement and realizes the non-contact identification of active landslide motion patterns, which is an essential reference value for geological disaster prevention and control in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Purpose] The present paper aimed to study the physical properties, soil enzyme activities and their correlation characteristics of wild Bletilla striata soil in different producing areas in Guizhou, so as to provide a theoretical basis for realizing high yield and quality of B. striata artificial cultivation. [ Method] 8 soil sample plots for the wild B. striata were collected in Guizhou province to detect and analyze the soil physical and enzyme activity index characteristics and the correlation between them. [ Result]The soil density was between 2. 06 -2. 55 g/ cm³ with weak variation. The soil texture was mainly clay loam and sandy loam. In most soils, the proportion of the > 0. 25 mm size soil water-stable aggregates reached 70% . The distribution of the soil water-stable aggregates size fraction were different, 2 - 5 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 4 soil plots, < 0. 25 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 3 soil plots. The dominant size fraction of soil micro-aggregate was 0. 25 -0. 05 mm size fraction. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase in soil were significantly different with strong variation. The activities of catalase in soil were not significantly different with weak variation. Soil enzyme activity was strongly influenced by the soil density, soil aggregates and microaggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between urease and acid phosphatase, which could promote each other. [Conclusion] Guizhou wild B. striata has strong adaptability to soil environment. It mainly grows in sandy soil or clay with soil clay content less than 25 %, and some wild B. striata can also grow in clay with soil clay content more than 30% ; Soil specific gravity, soil aggregates and micro aggregates are important factors affecting soil enzyme activity of B. striata. The suitable soil specific gravity is 2. 06 - 2. 55 g/ cm³, the dominant particle size is 2 - 5 mm or < 0. 25 mm, and loam is the best soil texture; Urease and acid phosphatase can promote each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to verify pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit canker and provide effective strain resources for biological control against kiwifruit canker.【Method】The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from infected issues of kiwifruit plants infected with canker by a convention tissue isolation method. The antagonistic strains were screened from the bacteria isolated from soil and healthy kiwifruit tissues by an inhibition zone method. The isolated antagonistic strains were identified by morphology and molecular biology methods. 【Result】9 strains isolated from the infected tissues of kiwifruit plants infected with canker were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae. 35 strains were isolated from soil and healthy kiwifruit tissues. 3 screened Bacillus strains had the good antagonism effect against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae and the average diameter of inhibitory zone was 20.8-23.7 mm.【Conclusion】Three screened Bacillus strains lay a foundation for development and application of biological agents against kiwifruit canker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide the scientific basis for rational land-use planning, soil resources conservation and pollution-free agricultural development in Luodian County, Guizhou. [Method] The effects of five typical land-use patterns (forestland, natural grassland, artificial grassland, cropland and abandoned farmland) on content and environment contamination of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Hg and As in topsoil were evaluated by Nemerow comprehensive index, single-factor contamination index and Hakanson potential ecological hazard methods. [Result] The content of 6 heavy metals in topsoil was Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg and lower than the contamination background value of heavy metals in Guizhou overall. The topsoil Cd content was the highest in abandoned farmland and lowest in forestland. The topsoil Cr content was the highest in abandoned farmland and lowest in natural grassland. The topsoil Pb and Hg content was the highest in cropland and lowest in forestland. The topsoil Ni content was the highest in artificial grassland and lowest in natural grassland. The topsoil As content was the highest in natural grassland and lowest in cropland. The topsoil Cd, C.r, Pb and Hg content was high relatively and greatly influenced by human activity. Topsoil Cr had the same source as Ni, Hg and As. The topsoil As content was closely related to soil pH. The topsoil Cd and Cr content was closely related to soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) . The topsoil Pb, Hg and As content was closely related to soil organic matter (SOM). [Conclusion] Six heavy metals in topsoil do not cause soil contamination. The single-factor contamination index and potential ecological hazard index both are at the clean level. The pollution-free agriculture can be vigorously developed according to local soil nutrient, soil fertility and land-use pattern in Luodian County, Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient pesticide application of spring potato in high altitude areas of Guizhou. [Method] A field experiment was conducted on Weiyu 5, to explore the effects of different pesticide application dosage on disease index and biological effect of spring potato in Guizhou. [Result] After spraying the potato seedling rate were 89. 63% — 93. 37%, the disease index were 2.71% — 6. 17%. Compared with CK, the yield, number of single tuber and the yield of single plant increased by 1.55% —22.97%,2. 50% —30.00%,and 12.29% —42.68%,respectively. The best performance was obtained with 80% of the customary spraying dose. Pesticide spraying can significantly improve reducing sugar and starch content of potato, increase the reducing sugar content by 0. 01 —0. 14 percentage and starch content by 0.76 —7.43 percentage compared with CK. But the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and moisture content were not obviously affected. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, and alkalize nitrogen were increased by 6. 96% — 15. 47%, 1 . 75 — 36. 84%, 3. 57% —56. 09% and 10. 00% —14.99% respectively compared with CK. [Conclusion] In summary, 80% of customary spraying dose is recommended for high-yielding dryland spring potato cultivation in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area of karst terrain in China covers 3.63×106 km2, with more than 40% in the southwestern region over the Guizhou Plateau. Karst comprises exposed carbonate bedrock over approximately 1.30×106 km2 of this area, which suffers from soil degradation and poor crop yield. This paper aims to gain a better understanding of the environmental controls on crop yield in order to enable more sustainable use of natural resources for food production and development. More precisely, four kinds of artificial neural network were used to analyse and simulate the spatial patterns of crop yield for seven crop species grown in Guizhou Province, exploring the relationships with meteorological, soil, irrigation and fertilization factors. The results of spatial classification showed that most regions of high-level crop yield per area and total crop yield are located in the central-north area of Guizhou. Moreover, the three artificial neural networks used to simulate the spatial patterns of crop yield all demonstrated a good correlation coefficient between simulated and true yield. However, the Back Propagation network had the best performance based on both accuracy and runtime. Among the 13 influencing factors investigated, temperature (16.4%), radiation (15.3%), soil moisture (13.5%), fertilization of N (13.5%) and P (12.4%) had the largest contribution to crop yield spatial distribution. These results suggest that neural networks have potential application in identifying environmental controls on crop yield and in modelling spatial patterns of crop yield, which could enable local stakeholders to realize sustainable development and crop production goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to explore a rapid and accurate method for diagnosing the biochemical components of Guizhou premium fruit plant. [ Method] Taking hyperspectral data of Passiflora edulis leaves and its corresponding leaf chlorophyll content as the data source, mathematical transform and discrete wavelet transform algorithm were used to process and analyze the spectrum data of P.edulis leaves, the sensitive bands were extracted by correlation analysis, and then the estimating model of chlorophyll content in P.edulis leaves was established by using partial least square algorithm. [ Result] The low frequency information of logarithmic transform separated from discrete wavelet transform and mathematical transform could significantly improve the estimation of spectrum to chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. The model established based on discrete wavelet transform L1 scale was optimum, which had high estimated accuracy and stability with R² = 0. 578 and RMSE = 1. 104. [Conclusion] As affected by complex geographical environment and climate condition, the spectrum data of P. edulis leaves contains a large amount of noise. The high frequency information extracted by mathematical transform and discrete wavelet transform has weak abilitying estimating chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. Compared with high frequency information, low frequency information has strong estimating ability of chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to understand the content and enrichment characteristics of trace elements in soil and plant(root) of wild Berberis in Guizhou Province and to provide the theoretical reference for cultivation of wild Berberis. 【Method】The contents of trace elements in soil and plant(root) were determined, and the correlation of trace elements between soil and plant(root) and the enrichment ability of plant(root) to trace elements were discussed. 【Result】Total amount of soil trace elements of Berberis guizhouensis Ying, B. pruinosa var. barresiana Ahrendt, B. weiningensis Ying, B. tsienii Ying and B. deinacantha Schneid. was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Mo; B. veitchii Schneid., B. wilsonae var. guhtzunica(Ahrendt) Ahrendt, B.pingbaensis M.T.An was Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>Mo. The highest content of the soil total amount of Cu was B. veitchii, the total amount of Fe was B. tsienii, the total amount of Mn was B. weiningensis, the total amount of Mo was B. deinacantha, the total amount of Zn was B. weiningensis. The highest content of the soil available amount of Cu was B. guizhouensis, the available amount of Fe was B. veitchii, the available amount of Mn and Mo was B. weiningensis, the available amount of Zn was B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica.The highest content of Cu and Mn in the roots of was B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica., Fe was B. deinacantha, Mo was B. deinacantha, Zn was B. tsienii. 【Conclusion】The trace elements between soil and plant(root) were correlated to some extent. The enrichment coefficient of Cu of B. guizhouensis was the highest and was greater than 1, and the other trace elements enrichment coefficient was less than 1.The content of the available trace elements in the soil of non-area of Berberis in Guizhou Province was more obvious than that of the whole area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to provide the scientific basis for rational fertilization in Jianhe County of Guizhou Province and similar areas. [Method] The effects of soil nutrient indexes(total N .organic matter, available N .available K, available P, total P and total K)on soil fertility are explored by using variation coefficient method, correlation coefficient method and weighted mean method, and then the soil fertility in paddy field and dry' land is evaluated by using improved Nemerow comprehensive evaluation method combined with the weight coefficient mean value of the three methods. [Result] The soil available k in paddy field and total P in dry land were at a lower level, while other nutrient indexes were at a medium-high, high and higher level. The soil available N content in six dry' land sampling sites with different plants was high. Soil total P and available k fluctuate greatly among sampling sites, while organic matter content fluctuates less. The soil available P in fertility factor weighted coefficient of paddy field and dry land was the highest, respectively 0. 2710 and 0. 2358 comparing the mean value of the three weighted method weighted coefficient. The available P is the main factor influencing soil fertility in paddy field and dry' land and soil fertility indexes is 1.52 and 1.63 separately. The soil comprehensive fertility was at a fertile level. [Conclusion] The soil fertility of paddy field and dry land in Jianhe County is at a fertile level, and available P is the main factor influencing soil fertility in paddy field and dry land. The soil N content in paddy field and dry land is high, which can meet the demand of crop production. Therefore, N fertilization should be reduced in production. The soil K content in paddy field is low, and the corresponding fertilization measures should be taken to improve K supply level in paddy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species found in the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. Based on its tubular-campanulate calyx, this taxon should be a member of sect. Paraphlomis Prain. The new species resembles P. patentisetulosa C.Y. Wu & H. W. Li, P. hispida C.Y. Wu, and P. hirsutissima C.Y. Wu & H.W. Li, but differs from these three taxa in the following aspects: the stems are very short (<7 cm), with one or two short internodes, giving the impression of having a tuft of basal leaves; it has sparsely setose hairs on the outer surface of the calyces and short fruiting calyces. The florescence, fruit period, habitat, and the geographical distribution of P. kuankuoshuiensis are also quite different from the three closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to provide a reference for edible rose cultivation and industrial development in Guizhou, and to know the adaptation of the four edible roses, Rosa glauea(RG), Rosa damascene(RD), Pingyin rose(RP) and White rose(RW), to the climatic environment in Guiyang, Guizhou, through the quality analysis of color of flowers, shape of petals, weight of flowers, characteristic of leaves, and composition of essential oils. [Method]Biological traits were obtained by field invesligation and statistics;the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation, and analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] 39 aroma components were observed in RG, RD, RP and RW19, 22, 10, and 26 kinds of components were respectively detected from RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for 99. 48 %, 98. 00 %, 94. 00 %, and 100. 00 % in total aroma components. Flavoring composition in RG were citronellol and geraniol(51. 44 % and 20. 47 %), and that in RD were geraniol and nerol(32. 72 % and 22. 71 %), in RP were citronellal and geraniol(55. 87 % and 24. 59 %), and in RW were also citronellal and geraniol(28. 21 % and 30. 38 %). Essential oils component in RD and RW were the closest to ISO 9842:2003. Linalool, terpineol, geraniol, acacia alcohol and n-heptadecane were observed in volatile oils of RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for respectively 24. 78 %, 46. 28 %, 30. 83 %, and 37. 54%. [Conclusion] RD, RW and RG well adapted to the climatic environment of Guiyang area, and could be cultivated and generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand chemical properties and available microelement characteristics of soil for growth of wild Bletilla striaes, explicit suitable soil environment of Bletilla.striaes cultivation and provide a reference for soil environment selection of Bletilla.striaes artificial cultivation. [Method] The microelement effective state and chemical properties of soil for growth of wild Bletilla.striata were investigated by field survey and the sufficient and lack level was analyzed by indoor analysis to discuss restriction factors affecting soil available microelement content. [Result] The pH and content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, available Cu, available Zn, available Fe and available Mn in soil of Bletilla.striata cultivation are 7.65-7.99, 26.86-280.58 g/kg, 1.55-14.44 g/kg, 0.47-0.99 g/kg, 1.89-19.52 g/kg, 99-641 mg/kg, 2.40-18.75 mg/kg, 70-122 mg/kg, 0.45-1.70 mg/kg, 0.83-14.66 mg/kg, 11.80-119.85 mg/kg and 24.88-52.55 mg/kg respectively. [Conclusion] The suitable soil environment for Bletilla.striats growth is alkalescence and needs higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapid available potassium. The soil organic matter, N, P and K content has no obvious effect on Cu and Mn content in soil. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil is positively related to Zn and Fe content very significantly.Selecting the soil with higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus can improve available Zn and Fe content in soil during Bletilla.striata artificial cultivation process, which is beneficial to growth and quality of Bletilla striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to explore the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in different recovery modes of rocky desertification control, and to provide scientific basis for further optimizing the vegetation allocation of rocky desertification control. [Method] Taking soil from five sampling sites as the study object, including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lonicera japonica, mixed forests, cardamom and abandoned farmland in Huajiang Rocky Desertification Control Demonstration Area in Guizhou. Soil layers of 0 - 10, 10 -20 and 20 -30 cm were sampled and monitored for 3 years before, during and after rainy season, and the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients under different recovery modes were analyzed. [Result] With the restoration of vegetation, compared with abandoned farmland, average values of soil bulk density, soil retention ability and capillary porosity in the four plots decreased respectively by 0.61 %, 7.97 % and 1.12 % , soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased by 53.45 %, 45.72 %, 80.81 % and 1.44 % respectively, hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 53.36 % and 25.80 % , respectively. In the same plot, the contents of soil organic matter and soil nutrient contents were all shown as during rainy season > after rainy season > before rainy season. With the increase of depth of the soil layer, content of soil nutrients of different recovery models decreased, nutrients mainly concentrated in the surface layer. [Conclusion] There were differences in nutrient contents between different restoration models, and vegetation restoration in karst rocky desertification area had an ameliorative effect on ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of the economic crop flue-cured tobacco is greatly impacted by natural climates, making it a risk industry. In recent years, flue-cured tobacco production is influenced by extreme weather such as typhoon, low temperature, hail, frost, drought, plant diseases and insect pests. It is imperative to establish a sound insurance system for tobacco planting. In this paper, the practice and functions of tobacco planting insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture were summarized, the experience and existing problems in the practice process were analyzed, and finally the countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to further improve the tobacco planting insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the global sulfur isotope curve was plotted based on the δ 34S values of evaporates resultant from oceanic evaporation. In the long period of geological history the δ 34S values showed obvious peaks for three times during the process of ancient oceans’ sulfur isotope evolution, namely the Early Cambrian (+30‰), the Late Devonian (+25‰) and the Permian-Triassic transition interval (+17‰), but the causes of the abnormal rise of sulfur isotopic values during the geological period are still in question. In this paper, 18 samples collected from a large Devonian barite deposit from Zhenning County were analyzed to determine their δ 34S values, revealing that the 18 samples have very high δ 34S values (δ 34S=41.88‰–+68.39‰), with an average close to 56.30‰, which are higher than the isotopic values of contemporary sulfates (+17‰–+25‰). A comparative analysis was conducted of the emerging of high δ 34S barite deposits (from Cambrian and Devonian) and the δ 34S variation curves of the ancient oceans. The results indicate that the time when the obvious peaks of δ 34S values appeared and the time of massive sedimentation of high δ 34S barite deposits are very close to each other, which, in our opinion, is not a coincidence. There may exist some correlations between the sulfur isotope evolution of ancient oceans during the diverse periods of geological history and the massive sedimentation of high δ 34S barite deposits. Therefore, it is inferred that perhaps it was the massive sedimentation of high δ 34S barites that caused the sharp rise of δ 34S values in a short period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of gold ore prospecting and exploration in recent years a new type of micro-disseminated gold deposits have been found in the regions of Southwest Guizhou Province and Northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with the orebodies directly occurring in diabase or in the contact zone between diabase and strata. The orebodies are strictly controlled by fault structures. The discovery of this type of gold deposits has brought about new prospects for gold ore prospecting in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Golden Triangle region. From the preliminary analysis of the geological characteristics of the Qiaoxiang gold deposit in Wangmo County, in combination with the results of research work in the adjacent areas in recent years, this paper roughly described the geological characteristics and metallogenic conditions of this type of gold ore deposits with an attempt to make more and more geologists pay enough attention to this type of gold ore deposits, so as to promote gold ore prospecting in Guizhou Province to develop toward a variety of types of gold deposits in all round way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strong laboratory capacity is essential for detecting and responding to emerging and re-emerging global health threats. We conducted a quantitative laboratory assessment during 2014-2015 in two resource-limited provinces in southern China, Guangxi and Guizhou in order to guide strategies for strengthening core capacities as required by the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005).Methods: We selected 28 public health and clinical laboratories from the provincial, prefecture and county levels through a quasi-random sampling approach. The 11-module World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory assessment tool was adapted to the local context in China. At each laboratory, modules were scored 0-100% through a combination of paper surveys, in-person interviews, and visual inspections. We defined module scores as strong (> = 85%), good (70-84%), weak (50-69%), and very weak (< 50%). We estimated overall capacity and compared module scores across the provincial, prefecture, and county levels.Results: Overall, laboratories in both provinces received strong or good scores for 10 of the 11 modules. These findings were primarily driven by strong and good scores from the two provincial level laboratories; prefecture and county laboratories were strong or good for only 8 and 6 modules, respectively. County laboratories received weak scores in 4 modules. The module, 'Public Health Functions' (e.g., surveillance and reporting practices) lagged far behind all other modules (mean score = 46%) across all three administrative levels. Findings across the two provinces were similar.Conclusions: Laboratories in Guangxi and Guizhou are generally performing well in laboratory capacity as required by IHR. However, we recommend targeted interventions particularly for county-level laboratories, where we identified a number of gaps. Given the importance of surveillance and reporting, addressing gaps in public health functions is likely to have the greatest positive impact for IHR requirements. The quantitative WHO laboratory assessment tool was useful in identifying both comparative strengths and weaknesses. However, prior to future assessments, the tool may need to be aligned with the new WHO IHR monitoring and evaluation framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]