Search

The maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade and economics. The competitive and rapidly growing sector requires a highly trained workforce with specific skills, especially for the twenty-first-century revolutions. Since, industry 4.0 entails the modernisation of work, which is likely to impact individuals' required skills, especially for seafarers in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, discussions on future maritime operations competencies frequently emphasize technology as a prerequisite for seafarers' ability to adapt to change. The paper seeks to explore seafarers' required skills, especially for the twenty-first century, using the modified Delphi method and Best Worst Method (BWM), which is a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique. Ten skills have been identified from the derived outcomes, divided into two segments: hard skills and soft skills. Technical and theoretical knowledge has been identified as the most influential hard skill, and communication skill as the most critical soft skill. The study will benefit seafarers and organisations related to training and hiring seafarers for making their decisions on the training and hiring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

21st century era has strong competition in the world industry. Competition can be overcome by having self-ability. Soft skills are the main key in the world of industry that can be developed from an early age in school. Soft skills will help someone in pursuing a career in the future. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the knowledge of employee soft skills needed in the 21st century era to achieve personal branding. The data were taken through a literature review using several journals. By applying a strictly reproducible process, the method used was library research with analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles on soft skills needed in 21st century. This paper utilized scientific journals that focused on soft skills employee in 21st century keyword and personal branding for career keyword. The finding showed the core of employee skills were communication skill, critical thinking skill, and problem-solving skill. These core soft skills would lead to another soft skill, like creativity skill, negotiation, and decisionmaking skill. They could be formed and practiced by schools' learning through group discussion, debate, writing report, and presentation. Thus, through the implementation of core soft skills, personal branding would follow automatically as selfcharacteristic. This research made a significant contribution by providing an updated and convincing summary that could be built and applied in individuals. Thus, it has potential for future research or practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the methodology used for the data collection and calculation of erosion rates and presents the recent results for the period 2001-2019 for all the beaches of the Andalusian shoreline. This period is divided into two subperiods (2001-2011 and 2001-2019) to detect possible trend changes during the study years. The proxy corresponding to the internal limit of the backshore has been used, which is very useful for medium to long-term coastal erosion rates. The results show the rates calculated for this proxy, which reveal a high presence of artificially stabilised sectors where the inward migration of the shoreline associated with it is hindered, together with an intensification of the retreat rates in natural sections. Similarly, there is a clear differentiation between a relatively dynamic Atlantic façade with a higher percentage of erosive sectors and a Mediterranean façade highly conditioned by anthropic presence, with a lower percentage but a higher intensity in their values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth industrial revolution has paved the way for emerging technologies, and among them, blockchain stands out for its unprecedented ability to create and trade value in library organizations. This research paper explores the potential application of blockchain technologies in 21st-century library services. By conducting a systematic analysis of the literature, this study examines how libraries can harness blockchain to support innovative services and meet global demands. The study suggests that the recent advancements in blockchain have led to a fourth generation of the technology, which possesses disruptive capabilities across diverse fields, including library and information science. The paper proposes that blockchain can enhance library services such as collection development, circulation services, research, data management, and storage. It is important to note that this paper represents the original ideas of the authors and does not rely on copyrighted materials. Furthermore, it highlights that blockchain remains a vast and underexplored area of research, presenting both challenges and opportunities for library professionals seeking to provide diverse library services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The library profession is in a period of change. Moving from conventional library practices and services to the modern technology and tools based sources and services, created changes in the roles they play. To provide more and more innovative services and to cope with the changing scenario of the library and its services has forced library professionals to equip themselves with better skills for their survival. This paper discussed three requisite skills, for librarian to function in the 21st century, in marketing of library services and resources for optimal utilization. And these are categorized as Professional, Technical, & Personal skills. The paper discusses marketing library services and resources as a concept, benefits of marketing, such as boosting the level of Library's patronage by users, promotion of resources; user awareness, improving the library's reputation were mentioned. Strategies for marketing which include making a library website, emailing users, setting up exhibits and displays of new arrivals, using flyers and posters, planning user education, offering electronic access to information, and planning library week were also explained. Challenges in marketing library services and resources in academic libraries in Nigeria include; lack of fund, Ineffective marketing strategies, lack of marketing policies, shortage of experienced staffing, and infrastructure limitations. Starting with an introduction to library marketing and related literature, the paper draws its conclusion and recommendations were made such as professional development for librarians involved in library marketing, librarians upgrading their technical skills, librarians should enhance their ability to trouble shoot new technology, keep abreast with new technology among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myths are basically the folklores that beautifully narrate the culture, life, and customs followed by ancient people which are perceived in deities that are worshipped. India is well regarded for its diverse and rich culture across the world. Myth in Indian context reflects cultural and religious tales which one generation passed on to another and, as a result, there are several variants of Indian mythology. The contemporary Indian English novelist, Amish Tripathi recreated Indian mythology by mixing it with social fantasies and scientific facts. He adopted mythical characters related to Lord Shiva and other deities in his novels to depict an ideal society. Hence, this paper is aimed to analyse the recreation of myth in Indian context through Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy. It is the best-selling mythological fiction written by Amish Tripathi. This paper also argues that his treatment of mythology in his novels is more of a frame of modern issues of 21st century rather than just a historical retelling. This paper also concludes that Tripathi has turned mythology of India into a relevant scripture of 21st century by forming mythical stories after the significant events of 21st century in India and especially in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global political and economic agenda cycle of the 21st century, interest in the seas has spread rapidly. The security of maritime areas, which are central in issues such as transportation, global trade, natural resource reserves, and transfer, has also become a part of national and international security strategies, especially since the beginning of the 2000s. However, different perspectives on the concept of "maritime security" lead to the lack of a single definition of the concept. Therefore, the factors threatening the security in question should be mentioned differently. The absence of widely agreed upon maritime security threats both complicates global cooperation on maritime security and weakens the fight against these threats. Identifying the most serious and common threats to maritime security is essential for joint action in the fight against them. This study aims to carry out a comprehensive analysis in defining the concept of maritime security and to identify the most serious threats to maritime security in the 21st century. For this purpose, 21st-century maritime security threats have been determined within the scope of academic studies, strategy papers, military documents, and reports published by states and international organizations. Then, the severity levels of these threats were determined through the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) Method. As a result of the study, the three most important factors threatening maritime security in the 21st century are determined as climate change (with a significance level of 0.3169), marine pollution and environmental problems (with a significance level of 0.2104), and sea boundary disputes between states (with a severity level of 0.1783). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical relevance: The scientific foundations for clinical contact lens practice are rooted in the ophthalmic literature. This analysis of contact lens papers celebrates contemporary research achievements in the contact lens field.Background: This work aims to assemble contact lens-related publication metrics so as to identify the most impactful papers published so far this century, as well the top countries, authors, institutions and journals.Methods: A search was undertaken of the titles of papers on the Scopus database to identify contact lens-related articles published this century. The ten most highly cited papers were determined from the total list of 4,164 papers found. Rank-order lists by count were assembled for the 'top 25' in each of four categories: authors, institutions, countries and journals. A 20-year subject-specific contact lens h-index (hCL-20-index) was derived for each author, institution, country and journal to serve as a measure of impact in the field. The top 10 constituents (of the top 25) of each category were ranked by hCL-20-index and tabulated for consideration.Results: The most highly cited paper this century is entitled 'Soft contact lens polymers: An evolution', by Nicholson and Vogt. Lyndon Jones is the most impactful author, with a hCL-20-index of 32. The University of New South Wales (Australia) produces the most impactful contact lens-related papers, and the United States is the most highly-ranked country. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful journal in the contact lens field.Conclusions: Contact lens materials and lens-associated keratitis are topics of high interest in the contemporary contact lens literature, with an emerging interest in orthokeratology for myopia control and glucose monitoring. Impactful 21st century authors, institutions, countries and journals are identified. Optometry is revealed as the leading profession in relation to the publication of impactful contact lens-related papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has offered unlimited opportunities to library and information science (LIS) professionals to explore their potentials and engage in productive ventures through the use of Internet and digital technologies. The objectives of this paper was to explore inforpreneurship opportunities that library and information science professionals could venture in the information industry as well as unravel the challenges that might be encountered especially in today's world of 21st century. The opportunities discussed include: information brokerage, information systems consultancy, blogging and advertisement, web development/programming, database designing/distribution as well as internet café/business centre. The study stressed that these opportunities could enable tech-savvy LIS professionals to engage in one or more of these ventures without necessarily waiting for white collar jobs from the government. They could also offer job opportunities to themselves and to others, become self-reliant, as well as prestige associated with the jobs which could ultimately contribute in boosting the economy of the country, reduce unemployment and empower people. Challenges bedevilling LIS professionals from engaging in inforpreneurship as highlighted by this study include: lack of inforpreneurial spirit and fear of competition, lack of requisite skills/expertise, lack of adequate funds/capital, lack of adequate electricity and bandwidth and poor patronage from fellow citizens. Finally, the study recommended encouraging LIS professionals to develop inforpreneurship spirit during their course of study, reviewing curriculums that could inculcate inforpreneurship ideas in students, granting soft loans to graduates who are endowed with inforpreneurship ideas, improving power supply as well as encouraging fellow citizens towards patronising information products and services produced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literacy and library are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. Society draw literacy skills from the libraries the same way an individual draws from his memory to meet his immediate information needs. Examined in this paper is the relevance of literacy library to the functional literacy need of the 21st Century adult learners. Literacy library is conceptualised as a special library provision targeted at adult members of the society who have enrolled or willing to enrol in a learning programme. Key features of Literacy library are outlined, followed by brief description of specific materials relevant to the 21st century learning engagement of adult. Few studies on public library have focused on addressing problems facing adult learners in accessing library services. This paper recognised the fundamental role Literacy libraries can play in confronting the exclusion of adult learners in library provision and also provided useful insights to the peculiar nature of their literacy needs in their given context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study of the LIS journals published by Emerald group of publications which originated online in the 21st century upto the year 2015. Five such journals include Journal of Enterprise Information Management (JEIM), Journal of Intellectual Capital(JIC), Online Information Review (OIR), Performance Measurement and Metrics (PMM) and Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society (JICES). Highest publication is by OIR and 2009 produced most articles followed by 2008. Research paper tops the list in all the five journals. Single authored papers are predominant followed by two authored papers. Authors from UK contribute maximum numbers of papers and most papers have been contributed from Brunel University, UK followed by University of Hawaii, USA. Authors repeat contributions to the same journal. No author among the top-ranking authors is found to be writing for any other journal among the five journals except Bar-Ilan J. In 2005 most citations are received in the three journals except OIR and JICES where articles published in 2009 received most citations. A six-authored paper in JEIM received most citations followed by a single authored paper in the JIC. The average article length mostly ranges from 16-20 pages in all the three journals except PMM and JICES where it ranges from 11-15 pages. 59 unique keywords appear in the journals and eight keywords are repetitive. Contributions by Indians are negligible. The journals are found to have varied aims and scope and accept articles of varied interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literacy and library are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. Society draw literacy skills from the libraries the same way an individual draws from his memory to meet his immediate information needs. Examined in this paper is the relevance of literacy library to the functional literacy need of the 21st Century adult learners. Literacy library is conceptualised as a special library provision targeted at adult members of the society who have enrolled or willing to enrol in a learning programme. Key features of Literacy library are outlined, followed by brief description of specific materials relevant to the 21st century learning engagement of adult. Few studies on public library have focused on addressing problems facing adult learners in accessing library services. This paper recognised the fundamental role Literacy libraries can play in confronting the exclusion of adult learners in library provision and also provided useful insights to the peculiar nature of their literacy needs in their given context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to extend the scope of cultural criminological research through an investigation of gender representation in 21st Century Bollywood films focusing on portrayals of Sexually Transgressive Behaviour (STB). A sample of nine films released between 2000 and 2016 was analysed against a set criterion that includes: off-screen gender demographics, three tests to analyse the scope of the female character, incidents of Sexually Transgressive Behaviour (STB) and the male gaze. The results demonstrate that Bollywood continues to be a male-dominated industry and that female narratives are largely neglected. The majority of films analysed (six films) demonstrate a blatant objectification of women and seven of these demonstrated clear manifestations of STB. Only two of the nine films pass the Bechdel-Wallace test (a test which indicates the number of female characters, their interactions, and nature thereof), only three films show an independent female character arc and five films have replaceable female characters. This paper concludes that Bollywood films show the potential of being criminogenic (tending to produce crime) and the overall results are indicative that there is ample scope for further academic studies of Bollywood through a cultural criminological lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different elements that compose any photographic narrative. By identifying and assessing them clearly, one is able to find the traces of pioneering ideas stated by Ripa, Warburg and Eisner. Their visual image theories and interpretations paved the way for our understanding of the underlying elements that characterize photography during early 21st century. This academic paper is both an attempt to provide with analytical tools for the comprehension of current photographic narratives and a due tribute to Ripa, Warburg and Eisner for their enlightening approach to visual arts and photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to data obtained from Romania census we can observe a tendency of a continuous increase in the evolution of the ethnic structure of Roma ethnic population, but a comparison with the results of complementary studies raises question signs regarding a change of an identity nature. For this reason, the paper analyses identity elements specific to Roma communities in Romania, presented in specialty litterature (linguistic, social, economic, educational and judicial elements) and resulted from an investigation based on questionnaired and on an interview focused on groups. The results show the fact that the belonging to a tribe is a main characteristic of Roma population. The ability to speak Romani is low; in Romania there are cases of entire communities of a Roma people which lost their language. Nowadays we can observe a trial to revive the Romani language through inter-cultural programs and the promotion of books and dictionaries. The economic profile of persons of a Roma ethnicity is discouraging, characterized by small incomes, of social assistance or by the performance of poorly paid activities which cannot guarantee a secure income. In the affirmation of a Roma ethnic identity cultural traditions are the ones that come first. The construction process of an identity is now centered on a cultural affirmation, on the mobilization of resources from the community, by encouraging and forming intellectual and political elite. A reconsideration of the Roma ethnics in the structure of the contemporary Romanian society must necessarily begin as a redefining of an identity realized by these ethnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze oral tales of the fox in Tapiete (Tupi-Guarani) language as a cultural and linguistic creative practice, in a context in which this indigenous group is undergoing processes of language shift in favor of Spanish. In order to contribute to the study of common discursive patterns among the languages of the Gran Chaco, grammatical, stylistic and (meta)pragmatic resources recurrent in these tales are examined within the framework of concrete speech events, from a linguistic anthropological theoretical perspective. The analysis is based on data documented in audiovisual format during longterm field research undertaken in Tapiete communities in Argentina and Bolivia between 2004 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of a broader investigation into the imaginaries of the afterworld in present-day Argentine literature, this paper aims at addressing the ways in which Carlos Ríos's Cuaderno de Pripyat (2012) narrates the afterworld of an identifiable historical event, the Chernobyl disaster, creating further tension between the crisis itself and the possibility of a post-apocalyptic setting that brings a radical and immeasurable interruption into play. First, we analyze the ways in which this multiplication of temporalities affects the presentation of the testimonies collected in the story. Next, the paper focuses on the collage as a possible explicative key to the fragmentary composition of the story based on the tension between the rationality of that which remains and that of referential oversaturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gandhiji is remembered as a great leader, as he suggested a revolutionary approach to the challenges of India's historical situation. He tried to actualize the needs and aspirations of the Indian people of his times. The 21st century, 'the era of development', has brought with it a number of problems. The COVID-19 experience has once again sensitized us to the need of being independent, self-sufficient and having economic growth which is inclusive and equitable. This research paper explores Gandhiji's thoughts and its relevance to Indian economy today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gandhiji is remembered as a great leader, as he suggested a revolutionary approach to the challenges of India's historical situation. He tried to actualize the needs and aspirations of the Indian people of his times. The 21st century, 'the era of development', has brought with it a number of problems. The COVID-19 experience has once again sensitized us to the need of being independent, self-sufficient and having economic growth which is inclusive and equitable. This research paper explores Gandhiji's thoughts and its relevance to Indian economy today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the modalities of organization and the collective demands made in recent years by the indigenous population of the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (Argentina). In order to do so, it addresses the process of participation of the new ethnic leaderships in local government through the case of the La Coordinación de Pueblos Originarios de Almirante Brown. The paper explores the strategies, the underlying logic, and the decisions that contributed to the processes of ethnopolitical participation in the structure of the contemporary Argentina state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: This systematic review article focuses on leadership challenges encountered by school principals in the 21st century. International evidence indicates principal leadership affects school and student performance. However, little systematic review has been carried out on the issue. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the existing literature on leadership challenges faced by school principals in the 21st century. Methodology: Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses) guidelines, a systematic review was done on two main databases, Web of Science and Scopus. There were three main stages in the process: identification of keywords, screening of articles, and determination of the articles. This resulted in a final database of 16 eligible documents. Findings: The review of these documents resulted in three main themes - personal challenges, school context, and stakeholders, and 11 sub-themes. There were three subthemes for personal challenges such as lack of knowledge and skills, while school context challenges can be divided into six sub-themes such as lack of trained staff and inadequate facilities and resources. The two subthemes for stakeholders challenges are negative attitudes of parents and interventions from the Ministry. Contributions: This systematic review expands the literature of principalship in the 21st Century by highlighting the challenges faced in the context of North American, African, European, and Australian schools. Further work on the challenges faced by school principals in other continents should be carried out to achieve a better understanding on the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses political scandals connected to the contemporary populist parties of Denmark, Finland and Sweden. The dramaturgies of these scandals repeat the general patterns of political scandals identified in previous studies, but they also share special characteristics that make them a specific type of neo-populist scandal. The starting point of the typical neo-populist scandal occurs due to the moral transgression of a member of a populist movement, usually through the use of unacceptable language or behaviour, insulting non-native inhabitants or other minorities within the population. However, provocation and playing the role of the underdog are common strategies employed by populists, and a populist movement may even benefit from a scandal, though the consequences of the scandal depend on the life phase of the movement and on the status of the member involved in the scandal. The moral transgressions and political consequences of neo-populist scandals may serve as an indicator of the condition liberal democracy enjoys, but also reveal contextual differences in particular societies and their moral order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about Czech women converting to Islam, about those, who were born and raised here. It is focusing on the motives of their conversion and on the subsequent changes of their lives. It is also about how their families, friends and entourage have coped with their conversion and how these women have felt about the change of their personal lives. Furthermore this paper is focusing on building of their new identities. The whole paper is built on qualitative research and is backed up with personal testimonies and life stories of nine informants. Their testimonies are compared to theories concerning conversion and compared with researches about Islam converts in different European countries or United States of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to complement the ethnographic and linguistic information about the Zapotec area of southern Oaxaca with the documentation of a series of 42 terms associated with the textile tradition, which are presented in Spanish and accompanied by their equivalent in several linguistic variants and ethnographic notes. The entries of the vocabulary correspond to parts of the backstrap loom, elements of the clothing, fibers, dyes, weaving actions and some designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muslims and Christians have been involved in exchanges over matters of faith and morality since the dawn of Islam. Attitudes between these faiths today are deeply coloured by the legacy of past encounters, and often preserve centuries-old negative views. The interest of the Muslims and Christians in understanding each other is also phenomenal in history. In view of this scenario, this paper attempts to propose some reflections on Muslim-Christian Relations in the 21[sup st] Century in the view of these questions: What kind of relations does Muslims and Christians want in this century? What are some of the obstacles and challenges to be considered? And what steps can be taken to overcome these obstacles or meet these challenges? These questions have been answered in this paper for the kind of Muslim-Christian relations to be anticipated for and worked for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares how urban-themed black British playwriting can be understood within mainstream and applied theatre contexts. The paper first examines the focus of the mainstream theatre's education packs for productions of Kwame Kwei-Armah's Elmina's Kitchen and Roy Williams's Fallout before exploring how black men's participation in Synergy Theatre Project's productions of the same two plays at Her Majesty's Prison, Brixton impacts on participants and audiences in line with some of the key principles of applied theatre practice in prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his book Postales del Porvenir (2006), Fernando Reati gathered a corpus of narratives published after the comeback of democracy in Argentina, from 1985 to the change of the millennium, which he named "anticipatory literature in any of its variations (speculative science-fiction, political-fiction, anti-utopia, dystopia) (13), because it deals with concerns about a relatively near future caused by present or past crises, generally in the context of military dictatorship and repression, exiles, disappearances, late capitalism and increasing globalization, in a peripheral country. In this paper, we aim to analyze the presence of these categories and topics in Pedro Mairal's second novel, El año del desierto (2005), and in Claudia Aboaf's third novel, El Rey del Agua, recently published (Alfaguara, 2016), with the objective of reflecting upon 21st century anticipatory narratives' characteristics through the study of these samples, that we consider representative of the two most significant tendencies of this genre in Argentina: the apocalyptic one (El año del desierto) and the dystopic one (El Rey del Agua). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a short review of the Golden Age of libraries in the last third of the 20th century, the paper will address the present challenges libraries are facing. The apparent ubiquity of information in the internet weakens the position of the libraries. This can be most noted, for example, by a missing strategy on long term archiving. A radical change from the library of librarians to the library of the user is considered to be necessary. Librarians' user interfaces at the acquisition of digital media (PDA) as well as the establishing of creative workspaces such as makerspaces are good examples for partnership and user driven library services. New strategies and visions should be developed and advocated concordantly similar to the "Bibliotheksplan 1973" and "Bibliotheken '93" to strengthen the position of the libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the linkages between archaeology, identity, and tourism in Peru in the twin contexts of economic and social development. The role of archaeologists in the heritage process (patrimonialización) is highlighted, and shown to transcend the production of narratives about the past. The complex role of the indigenous in national mythology, as historical legacy, is shown to hamper engagements between archaeologists and campesino peasants. Policies focused on the management for tourism of material remains of the precolonial past, it is argued, tend to feed objectified pasts. Incipient attempts to develop the tourism industry drawing on the archaeological remains surrounding the anthropic lake at Keushu (Yungay) and on those at the headwaters of the Llullán Valley (Awkismarka or Pueblo Viejo de Huandoy) are discussed to show the promise and pitfalls of ethical practices that may lead to locally grounded heritage strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the author's views on the appropriate role and functioning of the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP), based on the presentations made by the speakers at AEESP's Annual Conference held at Clarkson University at Potsdam, New York, in July 2005. The paper notes that AEESP and also the American Academy of Environmental Engineer (AAEE) were formed in the mid 20th century that their functions were organized to meet the needs of the United States in environmental development for the second half of the 20th century, and while these organizations have achieved much success in their performance in the previous half-century, the picture for the future looks remarkably different. This is because of the increasing acceleration of new technology which is rapidly changing everything, including changing the pattern of economics from country operated systems to an unprecedented new system of globalization. Both AEESP and AAEE now must reorient their roles and functions to expand American professional capabilities to influence continuing development in both the United States and in the developing countries in order to protect as well as to utilize environmental resources as needed to enable sustainable global development. Recommendations are given for feasible steps which American (and other) universities can take for modifying university programs to suit this objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the paradigm shift that comes from the transition from Modernity to postmodernity process and the challenges faced today in the legal field. Furthermore, the aim is to reflect upon the so-called «new» rights, focusing on the environmental law and urban planning law, considered the precursors of this postmodern perspective on the law. Finally, it presents its challenges and prospects for the 21st Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a case study on how an established, mature engineering faculty, with a large population of students can make the successful, high risk, step change transition towards the delivery of CDIO objectives: "Graduating engineers who can conceive-design-implement-operate complex value-added engineering systems in a modern team-based environment" (Crawley et al, 2011). The successful results of the project demonstrated the effectiveness of the systems thinking and CDIO approach, and endorsed this as the basis for a major change strategy. Not only did it demonstrate the quality of all the students on the course, their potential and commitment to engineering, but it also demonstrated willingness of the faculty to take a risk and to embrace change. The project scenario opened up an otherwise overlooked teaching resource: that of practitioner lecturers with many years of experience of implementation and operation of major projects. These skills were essential to the scoping, design, planning and implementation of the project as well as giving the backdrop of best practice from industry. Auckland's experience of introducing a major step change may be used as a template for other universities who may wish to follow Auckland's example. This project shows the value of a hearts and minds approach to change as it brought together students, staff and best practice under a multidisciplinary systems thinking and CDIO approach; all united in the interests of reconstructing Christchurch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the paradigm shift that comes from the transition from Modernity to postmodernity process and the challenges faced today in the legal field. Furthermore, the aim is to reflect upon the so-called «new» rights, focusing on the environmental law and urban planning law, considered the precursors of this postmodern perspective on the law. Finally, it presents its challenges and prospects for the 21st Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the various claims and class actions involving the Qom people of eastern Formosa Province (Argentina) in recent years. In order to do so, it addresses their involvement in the struggle of small-scale peasant farmers. Discussing the protests led by the Movimiento Campesino de Formosa in 2005, the paper goes on to explore the forms, meanings and determinations of the indigenous movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the sonic, especially of vocal music, in the context of animism and perspectivism was hitherto underestimated in anthropological theory. Working on examples of Shipibo-Konibo magical songs from the author's own ethnomusicological fieldwork recordings, in this paper it is proposed that the first-person experience of médicos (healers or sorcerers) has to be considered most valuable for interpreting structures of relationships between humans and non-humans. This experience surfaces most obviously in singing styles and lyrics of songs performed by médicos in the current state of interaction with non-humans during ritual curing, worshipping, or fighting. Results obtained from this analysis include: 1) The ascription of consciousness and human or humanoid physicality to non-humans is the result of the médico's perceptions during musically induced or controlled altered states of perception and cognition (ASPC); 2) The transformation into and identification with non-humans involve full conscious experience by the médico and therefore pertain to the highest level of evidentiality in Shipibo discourse which is ontologically determining; 3) Human physicality and competence of perception and action is not universal among all beings but is a matter of grading dependent on magical and practical powers of the respective species; 4) A "sonic perspectivism" allowing for agency in the construction of perspectives, and an "ambient multinaturalism" extending the notion of transformation from body to environment, are introduced by analysing sonic phenomena. Finally, the author proposes to focus more on indigenous praxis than on analysis and comparison of narratives in order to understand indigenous ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simplest definition of landscape describes it as the physiognomy of the geographical environment. The notion cultural landscape refers to landscape that has been transformed by Man as the result of civilizational development. Cultural landscapes are extremely dynamic and ephemeral systems. Currently, we are witnessing dramatic transformation of the landscape. The processes of consumption and globalization of the landscape are happening on a mass scale in the 21st century. Many of the factors that cause these rapid changes are within the scope of interest of geography; these include analyses of the impact on the environment of mass tourism, transport, fragmentation of the space resulting from growing areas of settlements and service sites, restructuring of industry, etc. The issues discussed in the paper include: factors of landscape transformation, diversification of European landscapes in selected regions and assessment of their condition, analysis of contemporary threats to the quality of European landscapes and directions of their transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is the world organized at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century? What are the structure and the character of the geopolitical order in place today? What elements it is constituted of? How it took form? How can it evolve in the future? What are the factors driving these processes? Those question marks have been at the center of the problematic and the thematic of international relations since its inception as a discipline and emerge forcefully today in view that the international scheme that took form after the Cold War was over has been modified over the last decade by a series of events that have altered its structure and working dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to make an effort aimed at finding an answer to them in reference to the order in place today, and stress the implications of the resulting findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper makes an assessment of the exergy loss of the main minerals produced in the world throughout the 21st century, namely coal, oil, natural gas, iron, aluminium and copper. The reason for using the exergy analysis as an assessment tool is because it takes into account the main physical features that make a natural resource valuable: concentration, composition and quantity. Furthermore, using the same unit of measurement (energy) means all minerals considered can be compared and added. The future depletion degree of mineral reserves has been predicted with the help of five different scenarios. The first scenario assumes that production of all commodities will follow the well-known Hubbert''s bell-shaped curve. The other four models are based on the (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change''s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) for fossil fuel consumption and the Hubbert peak model for non-fuel minerals. The results of this study indicate that there might not be enough available resources to satisfy the predicted future mineral demand. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In my paper, I will try to renew the public philosophy. As a result of specialization and professionalization of academic disciplines since the late 19th centuries, a rather unsound academic situation prevails at many universities in the world; social sciences without any philosophical foundation on the one hand and an academic philosophy without any concern about social theory on the other hand. In order to break out of such deadlock, the public philosophy that has a long tradition since Aristotle to Smith and Hegel must be renewed as a comprehensive trans-discipline now. The public philosophy in this sense is an attempt in the “time of post-specialization of sciences.” What I mean by the time of post-specialization is the academic environment in which social sciences, humanities and natural sciences cooperate with one another to tackle serious problems of our time such as human rights, peace building, dialogue among religions and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What makes some acts morally right and others morally wrong? Traditionally, philosophers have thought that in order to answer this question we must find and formulate exceptionless moral principles—principles that capture all and only morally right actions. Utilitarianism and Kantianism are paradigmatic examples of such attempts. In recent years, however, there has been a growing interest in a novel approach—Particularism—although its precise content is still a matter of controversy. In this paper I develop and motivate a new formulation of particularism as a research program and I show that my formulation is not vulnerable to the most common objections to particularism. Moreover, I argue that the particularist research program shows enough promise to warrant further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, part of a symposium on the views of the author on rationality, presents the author's response to arguments in other papers, by Nicholas Southwood, Stephen Kearns and Daniel Star, and Garrett Cullity, published in the issue. Topics discussed include reason, reasoning processes, and normativity.

Strong representationalism claims that the qualitative character of our phenomenal mental states consists in the intentional content of such states. Although strong representationalism has greatly increased in popularity over the last decade, I find the view deeply implausible. In this paper, I attempt to argue against strong representationalism by a two-step argument. First, I suggest that strong representationalism must be unrestricted in order to serve as an adequate theory of qualia, i.e., it must apply to all qualitative mental states. Second, I present considerations – deriving largely from nonperceptual states – to show that an unrestricted form of strong representationalism is problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical discussions of prioritarianism, the view that we ought to give priority to those who are worse off, have hitherto been almost exclusively focused on cases involving a fixed population. The aim of this paper is to extend the discussion of prioritarianism to encompass also variable populations. I argue that prioritarianism, in its simplest formulation, is not tenable in this area. However, I also propose several revised formulations that, so I argue, show more promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]