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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anticancer taxane profiles of edible and non-edible parts of seven Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) genotypes. Hazelnut is one of the healthy foods rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Its regular consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and cancer. Hazelnut has been described as a plant source that produces taxanes which are widely used in many cancers. Türkiye is a homeland of hazelnut culture and has its own cultivars. Investigation of anticancer taxane profiles in different parts of Turkish hazelnut genotypes is important to show the potential and value of this plant from the perspective of the pharmaceutical and food industries. Materials and Methods: In this study, green leafy covers (GLCs) and hard shells (HSs) (non-edible parts), skinless kernels (SKs), brown-skins (BSs), and brown-skinned kernels (BSKs) (edible parts) of Çakıldak, Sivri, Tombul, Palaz, and Kalınkara as standard and Ham and Sivri Yağlı as local genotypes were used. The five parts of each genotype were ground to powder and eliminated to a size of less than 80 mesh. Each part was extracted using hexane and methanol for 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), baccatin III (BAC III), cephalomannine, and paclitaxel analyses in three replicates. Samples and standards were analyzed by acetonitrile: water gradient method on NOVA Spher 100 Phenyl-Hexyl C18 column inhigh-performance liquid chromatography reverse phase system with 228 nm ultraviolet detector and 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Microsoft Office Excel, 2016, and analysis of variance Jamovi Version 2.3 were used for statistical and data analysis, consecutively. Results: Hazelnut parts differed to a very high degree from each other in terms of the highest amount of 10- DAB III (Ham HSs, 9,15 μg/g), BAC III (Kalınkara BSs, 7.24 μg/g), cephalomannine (Sivri Yağlı BSs, 6.37 μg/g), and paclitaxel (Ham BSKs, 4.36 μg/g) they contained. While HSs, BSKs, and BSs were rich in taxanes in all of the analyzed genotypes, SKs, and GLCs remain limited for anticancer taxanes. Conclusion: This is the first report that revealed the differences in taxane contents of Turkish hazelnuts including previously untested standard and local genotypes and their parts. Significant differences between genotype and hazelnut parts are expected to highlight the health benefits of consuming raw Turkish hazelnut with BSs and their possible use as a functional food. These results add more information to elucidate the bioactive potential of Turkish hazelnuts and their by-products and provide a promising resource for the food and pharmaceutical industry with an anticancer perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the healing effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper aduncum on cell line Human Dermal Fibroblast Adults (hDFa). Materials and methods. The extract was obteined by solid-liquid extraction, then concentrated and lyophilized. The proteins contained in the hydroalcoholic extract was purified; by the high-performance liquid chromatography Reverse Phase RP-HPLC; protein peaks from the HPLC purification via RP- were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF Mass Spectrometer on ABSciex 4800 (Applied Biosystems); these N-terminal sequences of the 5 purified proteins, which were called K1 K2; K3; K4 and K5, were identified. The values of mean effective concentration (EC50), mean inhibitory concentration (IC50), and the percentage of cell proliferation were determined by MTT assays. Cell migration was assessed by scratch. Also the expression of growth factors was analyzed: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), using the technique of polymerase chain reaction with real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT-qPCR). Results. The hydroholic extract showed an IC50 of 200µg/ mL and the EC 50 value was 103.5 mg/mL in HDFA cell line. Cell proliferation assay showed that protein K2 (1ug/mL) increased proliferation compared to other treatments. In the fibroblast migration assay, K2 (50ug/mL) protein showed increased activity. The relative expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased 8.6 folds compared to the control in the presence of K2 protein. Conclusions. The hydrocoholic extract of Piper aduncum, as well as isolated proteins, increased proliferation and migration of fibroblasts (HDFA); likewise they increased the expression of growth factors involved in the healing process. In wound model in rats the angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and fibroplasia were stimulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were isolated from walnut pepsin hydrolysates using ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-25 chromatography, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and the ÄKTA preparative HPLC separation and purification system. ACE inhibitory activity was measured using in vitro HPLC analysis, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing was used for structural identification. Those fractions with the highest ACE inhibitory activity were further purified using RP-HPLC and the ÄKTA systems. The most active ACE inhibitory peptide had the sequence Tyr-Val-Pro-His-Trp-Asp-Leu and a molecular weight of 929 Da. Its activity, along with the activity of a synthetic ACE inhibitory peptide with the same sequence, was measured using HPLC following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments. The IC values obtained before and after digestion were 0.136 and 0.173 μM/mL, respectively, which indicated that the peptide was relative stable during digestion and might have in vivo biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through Sephadex gel chromatography, reverse-phase-high-performance-liquid-chromatography and ultra-high performance-liquid-chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, a novel tetrapeptide (Ser-Glu-Leu-Glu) of excellent ferrous-chelating capacity (41.24 μmol/g) was identified in millet bran globulin hydrolysate. Physicochemical properties and security of SELE were predicted in silico. The result showed that SELE was no toxic. Based on a model generated from response surface methodology, the optimum preparation conditions of SELE-ferrous chelate were obtained with the mass ratio of SELE to FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O of 43.3: 1, at pH 6.7 and 28.7 °C for 28.8 min. The ferrous-chelating ratio of SELE was 97.06% under these conditions. Structure of SELE-ferrous chelate was characterized with ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier-infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrated that amino group and carboxyl group of SELE were the primary ferrous-chelating sites. Moreover, SELE-ferrous chelate showed higher iron-solubility than FeCl 2 and ferrous lactate against different pasteurization conditions, heating at 100 °C for 30 min, and various pH values (P < 0.05). SELE-ferrous chelate also demonstrated higher iron-solubility than FeCl 2 and ferrous lactate against simulated gastrointestinal digestion (P < 0.05). These results indicated that SELE could be used as ingredient of iron fortifications and had potential applications in the food industry. [Display omitted] • SELE of high Fe2+ chelating ability was identified in millet globulin hydrolysates. • Amino group and carboxyl group of SELE were the primary ferrous chelating sites. • Iron solubility of SELE-Fe2+ chelate is stable under most pasteurization conditions. • SELE-Fe2+ chelate is more stable than FeCl 2 at various pH (P < 0.05). • SELE-Fe2+ chelate showed the highest stability against gastrointestinal digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bleu TX-III was isolated from Bothrops leucurus snake venom on one-step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC, was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, and was confirmed by Q-Tof Ultima API ESI/MS (TOF MS mode) mass spectrometry in 14243.8 Da. Multiple alignments of Bleu TX-III show high degree of homology with basic PLA2 myotoxins from other Bothrops venoms. Our studies on local and systemic myotoxicity "in vivo" reveal that Bleu TX-III is myotoxin with local but not systemic action due to the decrease in the plasmatic CK levels when Bleu TX-III is administrated by intravenous route in mice (dose 1 and 5 g). And at a dose of 20 μg myotoxin behaves like a local and systemic action. Bleu TX-III induced moderate marked paw edema, evidencing the local increase in vascular permeability. The inflammatory events induced in the mice (I.M.) were investigated. The increase in the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α was observed in the plasma. It is concluded that Bleu TX-III induces inflammatory events in this model. The enzymatic phospholipid hydrolysis may be relevant to these phenomena. Bothrops leucurus venom is still not extensively explored, and the knowledge of its toxins separately through the study of structure/function will contribute for a better understanding of its action mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on a study in which gonadotropin (GTH) was purified from the pituitaries of the Pacific chinook salmon using a combination of stepwise ethanol precipitation and concanavalin-A affinity chromatography. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; Screening of an enriched cDNA library for the β-GTH genes using two synthetic oligonucleotides; Effect of testosterone implantation on pituitary PTH and β-GTH mRNA; Corresponding increase in both the pituitary GTH and mRNA levels.