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In the globalization trend, China's cultural heritage is in danger of gradually disappearing. The protection and inheritance of these precious cultural resources has become a critical task. This paper focuses on the Miao batik culture in Guizhou Province, China, and explores the application of knowledge graphs, natural language processing, and deep learning techniques in the promotion and protection of batik culture. We propose a dual-channel mechanism that integrates semantic and visual information, aiming to connect batik pattern features with cultural connotations. First, we use natural language processing techniques to automatically extract batik-related entities and relationships from the literature, and construct and visualize a structured batik pattern knowledge graph. Based on this knowledge graph, users can textually search and understand the images, meanings, taboos, and other cultural information of specific patterns. Second, for the batik pattern classification, we propose an improved ResNet34 model. By embedding average pooling and convolutional operations into the residual blocks and introducing long-range residual connections, the classification performance is enhanced. By inputting pattern images into this model, their categories can be accurately identified, and then the underlying cultural connotations can be understood. Experimental results show that our model outperforms other mainstream models in evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, achieving 94.46%, 94.47%, 93.62%, and 93.8%, respectively. This research provides new ideas for the digital protection of batik culture and demonstrates the great potential of artificial intelligence technology in cultural heritage protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine–continental transitional shale of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in northern Guizhou is an important source rock in the upper Yangtze region of China, and it holds significant potential for the exploration of shale gas. To investigate the correlation between sedimentary conditions and the accumulation of organic matters in marine–continental transitional shale, this paper performed an extensive analysis using organic geochemical testing, organic petrology examination, a cross-section polisher–scanning electron microscope (CP-SEM), and geochemical analysis. The Jinsha and Dafang drilling cores were selected as the research subjects. The results showed that the TOC of the Longtan Formation in the study area was relatively high, and the TOC content of the tidal flat–lagoon environment (average of 8.37%) was significantly higher than that of the delta samples (average of 2.77%). The high content of Al2O3 (average of 17.41% in DC-1, average of 16.53% in JC-1) indicated strong terrigenous detrital input. The proxies indicated that the Longtan Formation shale in northern Guizhou was deposited in a climate that was both warm and humid, with oxic–dysoxic sedimentary water characterized by high biological productivity and a rapid sedimentation rate. The organic-rich shales during the marine and continental transitional phases were affected by various factors, including the paleo-climate, water redox properties, paleo-productivity, sedimentation rate, and other variables, which directly or indirectly impacted the availability, burial, and preservation of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From core observations of shales of the Niutitang formation in the northern part of Guizhou Province, China, calcite was often found to act as a natural fracture filler and affect the extension of fractures in hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the tensile mechanical behavior of shales by calcite veins. In this paper, by computed tomography scanning of shales containing calcite veins of different dip angles from the Niutitang formation, a three‐dimensional numerical model reflecting the internal fine structure of the shale was constructed. Direct tensile numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of calcite veins at different angles on the fine‐scale damage process and mechanical properties of shale. The experimental results show that the tensile capacity of the shale increases with the increase in calcite veins. Depending on the dip angle of the calcite vein, the damage pattern of the shale is divided into three types of damage: pull‐off damage along the calcite vein, jagged damage, and horizontal damage perpendicular to the loading method. At high dip angles, the shale damage is more intense and the fracture network more complex. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the acoustic emissions provide a good indication of the microscopic behavior of the shale specimens during the damage process. The box dimension method was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the shale specimens at the final damage, and it was found that the damage was more intense and the fracture network was more complex at high dip angles, and there was an angular threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has an exceptional diversity in Begonia, holding the second largest number of described species in this genus at the national level. Many new taxa need to be explored and described. This paper reports two new species, Begonia ruchengensis (B. sect. Reichenheimia) and B. auritalata (B. sect. Platycentrum), from Hunan province and Guizhou province, respectively. Besides the detailed morphology description, color illustrations, and line drawings, the diagnoses of these two species distinguished from their allied taxa are provided. Their conservation statuses are evaluated according to The Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large volume of evidence indicates that only high-class students attend extracurricular activities (Art, music, sport, dancing). On the other hand, this evidence intensively underlines the substantial importance of such extracurricular activities, particularly in visual art, in promoting children's cognitive and non-cognitive well-being. Adolescents' participation in visual art was always interrelated with enhancing their emotional affection towards the Art and cognitive skill in making one, which ultimately built solid efficacy that allows them to interact with their society. The present cross-sectional study sought to shed light on the potential impact of visual art on adolescents' emotional, cognition, and self-efficacy development, which needs to be improved in the Chinese context. Hence, randomly sampled (N = 2139) junior secondary school students were recruited from the rural province of Guizhou in Southwest China to attain the aim of the study. The study's finding affirms that students engaged in artistic activities start to develop a habit of communicating with their peers, showing their work, and commenting on works made by their peers or observed in art exhibitions or museums; such a process makes them self-efficacious. Ultimately, this paper extends the application of visual art activities from educational benefits to nonacademic development, which are the primary agents for children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting the best planting area for blueberries is an essential issue in agriculture. To better improve the effectiveness of blueberry cultivation, a machine learning-based classification model for blueberry ecological suitability was proposed for the first time and its validation was conducted by using multi-source environmental features data in this paper. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA) was adopted to optimize the CatBoost model and classify the ecological suitability of blueberries based on the selection of data features. Firstly, the Borderline-SMOTE algorithm was used to balance the number of positive and negative samples. The Variance Inflation Factor and information gain methods were applied to filter out the factors affecting the growth of blueberries. Subsequently, the processed data were fed into the CatBoost for training, and the parameters of the CatBoost were optimized to obtain the optimal model using SSA. Finally, the SSA-CatBoost model was adopted to classify the ecological suitability of blueberries and output the suitability types. Taking a study on a blueberry plantation in Majiang County, Guizhou Province, China as an example, the findings demonstrate that the AUC value of the SSA-CatBoost-based blueberry ecological suitability model is 0.921, which is 2.68% higher than that of the CatBoost (AUC = 0.897) and is significantly higher than Logistic Regression (AUC = 0.855), Support Vector Machine (AUC = 0.864), and Random Forest (AUC = 0.875). Furthermore, the ecological suitability of blueberries in Majiang County is mapped according to the classification results of different models. When comparing the actual blueberry cultivation situation in Majiang County, the classification results of the SSA-CatBoost model proposed in this paper matches best with the real blueberry cultivation situation in Majiang County, which is of a high reference value for the selection of blueberry cultivation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Camellia oleifera germplasm resources were collected from Guizhou Province, but the fruit morphological variation and genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasm resources remain unclear. The genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasms resources in Guizhou was studied based on fruit traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers to build a core collection. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the collection, management, development, and utilization of C. oleifera resources in Guizhou province. The variation coefficients among and within varieties of seven fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera ranged from 11.79% to 61.76% and from 8.15% to 42.31%, respectively, showing rich phenotypic variation. Furthermore, 12 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity. These primers generated 214 polymorphic bands, and the average number was 17.833. The average number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and major allele frequency (MAF) were 8.999, 2.301, 0.965, 0.50, 0.836, and 0.238, respectively. The results showed that 12 SSR markers had high polymorphism, and the genetic diversity of 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources was high. Based on SSR molecular marker information and fruit traits clustering, 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources were divided into three groups. When constructing core collections based on fruit traits and molecular marker information, the PowerCore-25 of core collections greatly preserves fruit traits and improves genetic diversity. This paper can provide a reference for the genetic diversity and fruit traits variation of C. camellia germplasm resources in Guizhou Province. It is significant for establishing a core collection, thus promoting germplasm innovation and the development of the oil tea industry in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to this study, no species of Pseudophanias Raffray had been reported from Nanling, a vast biodiversity conservation area that spans five provinces in southern China. In this paper, three new species of the genus are described: Pseudophanias furcilobus sp. nov. (Guizhou, Guangxi), P. leigong sp. nov. (Guizhou), and P. mulun sp. nov. (Guangxi), suggesting that additional study on the diversity of this group in the area is required. These species are characterized, keyed, and compared to similar congeners, supplemented with illustrations of the habitus and other morphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the digitaleconomic, computing power has become an important indicator to measure the degree of national economic development. With analyzing the two national strategies of "Channel Computing Resources from the East to the West" progect and "Construction of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle", and based on the construction of Chengdu-Chongqing Hub Node, the reasons that why Chengdu-Chongqing hub node has been laid out as one of the eastern hub nodes were analyzed. It due to four aspects, namely, strategic location advantage of computing, data integration system guarantee, computing infrastructure compaction, and maturity of computing application scenarios. Further, the operations in the advanced data center of Western (Chongqing) Science City demonstrate that the nationalcomputing hub built in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle boosts the project that channels computing resources from the east to the west. Then the paper discussed the coordinated development between Tianfu data center cluster and Chongqing data center cluster, as well as the coordinated development between national computing hub built in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and national computing hub built in Guizhou province. It suggested that Tianfu data center cluster and Chongqing data center cluster should build coordination mechanisms from six aspects, including the network, data, computing power, industry, algorithm and energy. The neighboring national computing hubs can implement coordination based on the allocation of computing power business, the cross-domain circulation of data elements, and new business formats for digital cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades of rapid development, China has always attached great importance to the redevelopment of rural areas. Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the rural revitalization strategy proposed at the meeting has always received extensive attention. In 2019, the Chinese central government released a document on its rural revitalization strategy. In the document, Guizhou Province was listed as a key area to receive focus on pursuing rural revitalization. Meanwhile, the Guizhou government also formulated The Implementation Opinions on the People's Government of Guizhou Province's Rural Revitalization Strategy. The aim of this paper is to try to establish a model according to the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the Guizhou government and extracts the main influencing factors from its analysis. Through the analysis of the data collected during the process of the rural revitalization, the paper undertakes a deep analysis of the evaluation and studies an optimized approach to the revitalization to provide a referenced review for other villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in raindrop spectrum characteristics is an important factor affecting the accuracy of estimations of precipitation. The in-depth study of raindrop spectrum characteristics is of great interest for understanding precipitation process and improving quantitative radar precipitation estimation. In this paper, the raindrop size distributions at Longli (57913), Puding (57808) and Luodian (57916) stations in Guizhou were analyzed from the perspective of precipitation microphysical characteristics. The results showed that the raindrop size distribution was different among different regions. The correlation coefficients of the mass-weighted average diameter for the rain intensities at these three stations were 46.89%, 49.51%, and 47.03%, respectively, which were slightly lower than the normal correlation coefficients of the average volume diameter for the rain intensities: 67.80%, 71.28%, and 71.46%, respectively. Based on the data from the Guiyang weather radar, raindrop spectrometer, and automatic rain gauge, the dynamic Z-I relationship method and the LSTM neural network method were used to estimate precipitation. The correlation coefficients of the dynamic Z-I relationship method and the LSTM neural network method at the three stations studied were 0.8432, 0.7763, and 0.8658 and 0.8745, 0.9125, and 0.8676, respectively. Regarding the process of stratiform cloud precipitation, the correlation coefficients of the dynamic Z-I relationship method and LSTM neural network method at the three stations were 0.6933, 0.0902, and 0.1409 and 0.7114, 0.4984, and 0.4902, respectively. In the estimation of cumulative precipitation for 45 days from 1 July to 16 August 2020, the relative errors of the neural network estimation at the three stations were −4.25%, −11.35%, and −8.68% and the relative errors of the dynamic Z-I relationship estimation were −2.68%, −7.41%, and −21.23%, respectively. The final relative error of the neural network was slightly worse than that of the dynamic Z-I relationship in the cumulative precipitation estimations of Longli station and Puding station, but the overall correlation coefficients of the LSTM neural network method were better than those of the dynamic Z-I relationship method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, well-being of older people measure (WOOP) was developed and validated in a Dutch population. Although WOOP was developed targeting the older people, it has the potential for use in a wider population. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between WOOP and EQ-5D-5L and compared their psychometric properties in a sample of patients, carers and healthy general public covering a wider age group. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Guizhou Province, China between July and August 2022. Data was collected using paper and pencil. We analysed and reported the acceptability, item response distribution, the Spearman correlation coefficients of all items, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of all items, the known-group validity and the convergent validity of EQ-5D-5L utility and WOOP utility. A total of 322 participants completed the survey with 105 patients, 101 carers and 116 healthy general public. 9% of participants had at least one missing response. Three items of WOOP did not have any level 5 responses and EQ-5D-5L had more level 1 responses. The correlations were low between EQ-5D-5L and WOOP items and the three-factor EFA showed these two instruments had only one shared factor and the other two factors were only related to WOOP items. Younger people had lower missing response rate and a different response distribution for three items. WOOP measures a broader construct beyond health while EQ-5D-5L is a more sensitive instrument when health is considered alone. There is a potential of using WOOP in a wider population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has become a key technology for producing high-precision digital surface models (DSMs) and digital orthophoto maps (DOMs) in full time and all weathers. Airborne millimeter-wave InSAR, with large-scale and high-resolution imaging, is characterized by high spatial resolution, flexibility, and immunity to loss-of-correlation. This paper introduces our modeling experiments with airborne dual-antenna, Ka-band InSAR regarding typical topographies of China. Ka-band SAR data were acquired in designated experimental areas in flat (Heyang area in Shaanxi) and mountainous areas (Shibing area in Guizhou and Qionglai area in Sichuan). The key processing of the experimental data for DSMs and DOMs is demonstrated in the paper, especially the proposed robust and efficient phase unwrapping (PU) method for the interferometric data and block adjustment method of strip calibration. The results show that the proposed unwrapping method can provide reliable unwrapped phase results in undulating areas, and the block adjustment can carry out consistent calibration for strips with sparse ground control points (GCPs). The accuracy assessment of the DSM shows that the coordinate root mean square error (RSME) of the obtained DSM is less than 2 m in height, and 2.5 m horizontally, which meets the 1:5000 requirement for topographic mapping in difficult areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centella asiatica (commonly known as gotu kola, the Chinese name is Jixuecao) has a long history of application and is widely used in many countries. Ethnobotanical fieldwork with Buyi villagers in Guizhou Province, China revealed that Centella asiatica is one of the most frequently consumed herbal teas. This paper reports on the nutritional value of Centella asiatica and some preparation methods for a new complex health care tea that we developed with it. The main objective of this short case study is to reflect on the social and ethical implications of developing a commercial tea product based on traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum bicolor is cultivated worldwide. Leaf spots on sorghum, which lead to leaf lesions and impaired growth, are prevalent and severe in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. In August 2021, new leaf spot symptoms were observed on sorghum plants growing in agricultural fields. We used conventional tissue isolation methods and pathogenicity determination tests. Inoculations of sorghum with isolate 022ZW resulted in brown lesions similar to those observed under field conditions. The original inoculated isolates were reisolated and fulfilled Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological character and phylogenetic analyses of the combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (TUB2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes, we identified the isolated fungus as C. fructicola. This paper is the first to report this fungus-causing disease in sorghum leaves. We studied the sensitivity of the pathogen to various phytochemicals. The sensitivity of C. fructicola to seven phytochemicals was measured using the mycelial growth rate method. Honokiol, magnolol, thymol, and carvacrol displayed good antifungal effects, with EC50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) values of 21.70 ± 0.81, 24.19 ± 0.49, 31.97 ± 0.51, and 31.04 ± 0.891 µg/mL, respectively. We tested the control effect of the seven phytochemicals on the anthracnose caused by C. fructicola: honokiol and magnolol displayed good field efficacy. In this study, we expand the host range of C. fructicola, providing a basis for controlling sorghum leaf diseases caused by C. fructicola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst regions are exceptionally responsive to global change with their harsh natural environment, fragile ecology, and acute human-land conflicts. The reconstruction of cropland spatial pattern in karst areas during the historical period is typical for studying human-land relations in karst areas and has important practical significance for climate study. The ecological environment changes at regional and global scales, primarily to provide essential data and a theoretical basis for studying the inverse evolution of rock desertification in karst areas. Guizhou province, a typical karst area, was selected as the research area in 1820. Based on the correction of historical population data and cropland data, a reconstruction model of cropland spatial pattern in karst areas during the historical period was constructed by selecting factors such as elevation, slope, soil types, organic matter content, climatic productivity potential, distance to river and distance from settlements to reconstruct the spatial pattern distribution of cropland in 1820 of Guizhou. The results show that the data on cropland recorded in Guizhou during the Qing dynasty is too low, mainly due to Yin-Ni and the policy of Tu-Di-Mian-Ke. In 1820, the total area of revised cropland in Guizhou was 1,851,792 hm2, with the highest proportion of 14.32% in Dading Fu and the lowest in Songtao Ting at 1.6%. Only 30% of the grid in Guizhou has a cropland distribution. It is mainly concentrated in the central part of Qianzhong District (Anshun and Guiyang Fu), the southern part of Qianbei District (Pingyue Fu and southern Zunyi Fu), the western part of Qiandongnan District, the central and eastern parts of the Qiandongbei District. The overall average reclamation rate of land in Guizhou is 10.93%, the highest reclamation intensity in Qianzhong District, with 8.5% of grids ≥ 50%, and the smallest in Qianxinan District, with only 1.65% of grids ≥ 50%. The analysis is validated by comparing the reconstruction model and the reconstruction results. It can be seen that the reconstruction model and research results of this paper can more objectively reflect the distribution of cropland in karst areas during the historical period, and the reconstruction model is suitable for karst areas with low productivity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the 2D (two-dimensional) characterization analysis of mineral dissemination characteristics requires complex sample preparation, destroys the sample structure, and produces stereological errors, a new method for analyzing mineral dissemination characteristics in the ore in situ, non-destructively and stereoscopically, is required. The research object in this paper is a medium–low grade calcareous-magnesium phosphate ore in Guizhou, and XMT (X-ray microtomography) and BPMA (BGRIMM Process Mineralogy Analysis) are used to conduct a comparative study of 3D (three-dimensional) and 2D analysis of mineral dissemination characteristics. The results of grain size analysis show that fluorapatite and gangue minerals belong to equal-grain dissemination, with very little fine particle content. The results of 2D analysis are finer than those of 3D analysis, but 3D non-destructive analysis produces more accurate results. In addition to particle size analysis, the binding relationship between minerals analysis results show that, when compared to the 2D distribution of minerals, 3D visualization can more intuitively and stereoscopically observe the distribution of minerals inside the ore and the intergrowth relationship between minerals. Through comparative study, it can be seen that the application of 3D visualization has developed a new method for the study of mineral dissemination characteristics, which makes up for the shortcomings of 2D analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is a complex, porous medium with pore structures of various sizes. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately describe the characteristics of pore structure by using the traditional geometry method. The results from the present investigation suggest that the porous media system of the coal reservoir has obvious fractal characteristics at different scales. To study the complexity of the pores in the coal reservoir, 27 coal samples from Guizhou, SW China were studied. The fractal dimensions of coal pores were calculated, and the fractal dimension of a pore in a coal reservoir can be classified into two types: percolation and diffusion. The comprehensive fractal dimension can be obtained using the weighted summation method and the pore volume fraction of different fractal segments as the weight. The percolation fractal dimensions (Dp) of coal samples are between 2.88 and 3.12, the diffusion fractal dimensions (Dd) are between 3.57 and 3.84, and the comprehensive fractal dimensions (Dt) are between 3.05 and 3.63. The Dd values of all coal samples are all larger than the Dp values, which indicates that the random distribution and complexity of diffusion pores in coal are stronger than those of the percolation pores. The percolation fractal dimension decreases as the maturity degree increases, whereas the diffusion and comprehensive fractal dimensions increase. The diffusion pore volume fraction and total pore volume are all highly correlated with the comprehensive and diffusion fractal dimensions, respectively. The correlation between the comprehensive fractal dimension, diffusion pore volume fraction, and coal reservoir porosity is negative exponential, whereas the correlation between the total pore volume and coal reservoir porosity is positive linear. In comparison with the percolation and diffusion fractal dimensions, the comprehensive fractal dimension is better suited for characterizing the permeability of coal reservoirs. The fractal analysis of this paper is beneficial for understanding the relationship between the fractal characteristics of coal pores and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural farmland transfer is a key factor in the successful implementation of targeted poverty alleviation strategies in China. In this paper, a multidimensional index system with 15 indicators from five dimensions, namely, natural, human, physical, financial, and social capital was established. It analyzed the effect of farmland transfer on poverty alleviation under four typical poverty alleviation models implemented in a karst area in China by using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Difference (DID) to analyze 467 rural households questionnaire responses from five representative villages in Guizhou Province. The results show that different models had different effects on poverty reduction. In the model of "three changes" + relocation for poverty alleviation + rural tourism + poor households, farmland transfer was the most effective in poverty alleviation, as attested by its average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) value of 0.44. Rural households' nonfarm income increased significantly to develop rural tourism after relocation from inhospitable areas. In the model of "farmland lease/shareholding" +cooperative + enterprise + poor households, farmland transfer had a moderate effect on poverty alleviation, with an ATT value of 0.06. Its effect on the total income of rural households was the lowest among the four models. This study's results can provide a theoretical reference for solidifying the benefits of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategies in karst areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The northern Guizhou coalfield exhibits complex geological conditions and well-developed structures. Hard rock formations are damaged by faults, causing frequent water inrush accidents. To study the damaging effect of faults on roof key strata and the mechanism of water inrush accidents, this paper chose the 5914 coal mining faces of the Longfeng coal mine as the engineering background, determined the water inrush source and key strata through field investigation, hydrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculation, and used RFPA-flow numerical simulation software to simulate the hydraulic coupling effect. The characteristics of the shear stress, damage degree, and hydraulic gradient were analyzed, and finally, the high-density electrical method was employed for simulation verification. The results indicated that the key stratum can control water inrush, but under the influence of faults, the roof forms multiple separation layers, and several sudden increases in displacement occur (the sudden jump phenomenon). A stress concentration area is formed in the head-end tunnel through the fault, and the number of AE events increased to 1150. The water-force gradient exhibits a uniform local large-scale evolution process, and finally, the height of the water-conducting fracture reaches 60 m through the aquifer. This height is 3 times that without fault influence. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculation and field analysis results, which verifies that the fault imposes a highly significant weakening effect on the key stratum, providing data support for later engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of low prediction accuracy of precipitation time series data, an improved overall mean empirical modal decomposition–prediction–reconstruction model (MDPRM) is constructed in this paper. First, the non-stationary precipitation time series are decomposed into multiple decomposition terms by the improved overall mean empirical modal decomposition (MEEMD). Then, a particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) models are used to make predictions according to the characteristics of different decomposition terms. Finally, the prediction results of each decomposition term are superimposed and reconstructed to form the final prediction results. In addition, the application is carried out with the summer precipitation in the Wujiang River basin of Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2018, using the first 38 years of data to train MDPRM and the last 20 years of data to test MDPRM, and comparing with a feedback neural network (BP), a support vector machine (SVM), a particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM), a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a recurrent neural network (RNN), etc. The results show that the mean relative error (MAPE) of the proposed MDPRM is reduced from 0.31 to 0.09, the root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced from 0.56 to 0.30, and the consistency index (α) is significantly improved from 0.33 to 0.86, which has a higher prediction accuracy. Finally, the trained MDPRM predicts the average summer precipitation in the Wujiang River basin from 2019 to 2028 to be 466.42 mm, the minimum precipitation in 2020 to be 440.94 mm, and the maximum precipitation in 2024 to be 497.94 mm. Based on the prediction results, the agricultural drought level is evaluated using the Z index, which indicates that the summer is normal in the 10-year period. The study provides technical support for the effective guidance of regional water resources' allocation and scheduling and drought mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to adverse geological conditions, intense human engineering activities, and extreme weather conditions, catastrophic landslides have frequently occurred in southwest China, causing severe loss of life and property. Identifying the kinematic features of potential landslides can effectively support landslide hazard prevention. This study proposes a remote sensing identification method for rotational, planar traction, and planar thrust slides based on geomorphic features as well as vertical and slope-oriented deformation rates. Rotational landslides are characterized by similar vertical and horizontal deformation rates, with vertical deformation mainly occurring at the head and gradually decreasing along the slope, while horizontal deformation mainly occurs at the foot and gradually increases along the slope. As for the planar slide, the dominant deformation is in the horizontal direction. It is further classified into the planar traction and planar thrust types according to the driving position. The vertical deformation of planar traction slides is concentrated at the foot, while the vertical deformation of planar thrust slides is concentrated at the head of the landslide. We identified 1 rotational landslide, 10 planar traction landslides and 10 planar thrust landslides in the basalt weathering crust area of Guizhou. Field investigations of three landslides verified the method's accuracy. Combining two-dimensional rainfall and time-series deformations, we found that there is a significant positive correlation between landslide deformation acceleration and precipitation. The landslide kinematic identification method proposed in this paper overcomes the shortcomings of the inability to accurately characterize landslide motion by line-of-sight displacement and realizes the non-contact identification of active landslide motion patterns, which is an essential reference value for geological disaster prevention and control in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pusa village is located in the karst mountain area of Nayong County, Guizhou Province, China. Laoyingyan mountain rock is gently dipping, the upper part consists of hard rock formations, and the lower part is made up of soft rock composed of 3 coal seams. On August 28, 2017, a massive landslide occurred in this area, resulting in 82,3000 m3 of debris, which resulted in significant casualties and brought up the malaise in society. In this paper, the geological conditions and long-term mining activities in the study area are analyzed by field investigation. The base friction tests and numerical models are used to simulate and analyze the failure and deformation process of Pusa collapse to accommodate the research on the deformation and failure mechanism of the slope and provide better prevention and treatment suggestions. The results show that the Pusa collapse can mainly be attributed to unique geological conditions, underground mining activities, and the topography of the slope. The intensified mining activities promoted the development of fractures and cracks in the slope, resulting in unstable upper slopes. The failure process of the Pusa collapse can be summarized into four-stage: the development of goaves roof deformation, the crest of the slope cracks, intensification of deformation, and occurrence of collapse. The upper slope with high strength rock developed crack-toppling failure. Meanwhile, the upper slope with low strength rock developed subside-crack-sliding failure, and those two failures together contributed to the mechanism of Pusa collapse. Slope deformation and failure mechanism can be summarized as subside-crack-toppling-shear sliding type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships among species diversity, functional diversity, functional redundancy, and community stability are central to community and ecosystem ecology. In this paper, a "space substitution for time" approach is used to study the plant communities at different stages of the natural recovery process of degraded karst vegetation on the karst plateau of Guizhou. These restoration stages include the herbaceous stage, herbaceous and shrub transition stage, shrub stage, tree and shrub transition stage, and tree stage. We calculated the functional diversity and functional redundancy of the community based on functional characteristics and mediated the relationship between functional diversity, functional redundancy, and stability of the plant community through changes in functional diversity and functional redundancy. This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of changes in species diversity and community stability and thus further reveals the intrinsic reasons for maintaining the stability of karst plant communities. The most important results include the following: (1) Species diversity, functional redundancy, and stability gradually increased with restoration, and there were significant differences among the different stages; functional diversity increased at first and then decreased, and reached the highest level at the tree and shrub transition stage; (2) Plant height and specific leaf area were functional traits that influenced the diversity and stability of the plant community, with plant height being positively correlated with plant community diversity and stability, and specific leaf area being negatively correlated with plant community diversity and stability; (3) During the community's recovery, functional diversity and functional redundancy interacted to maintain stability. In the early and late stages of recovery, the effect of functional redundancy on stability was greater than that of functional diversity, but it was the opposite in the middle stages; (4) The tree and shrub transition stage is the likely point at which the functional diversity of plant communities in karst areas reaches saturation, and the growth rate of functional redundancy after functional diversity saturation is greater than that before saturation. Overall, community stability increased with species diversity; habitat heterogeneity increased functional diversity in the early stages of recovery; and habitat homogeneity increased functional redundancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the transfer of Lannigou gold mining from shallow to deep, a series of stability problems of surrounding rock have been caused. The drilling pressure relief technology has unique advantages in the control of mine pressure in high-stress roadways. In order to explore the damage effect of borehole pressure relief technology on rock, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission tests were carried out on siltstone specimens with borehole diameters of 8 mm, 12 mm, and 16 mm, respectively, and the acoustic emission signals of the whole process were collected simultaneously to explore the uniaxial compression of siltstone specimens with prefabricated holes in this paper. According to the statistical characteristics of acoustic emission, the damage law of siltstone specimens with prefabricated holes was explored from the microscopic point of view and the damage effect of drilling on siltstone specimens reflected by the acoustic emission phenomenon was revealed. The research results show that there are multiple stress drops before the deformation and failure of the rock sample with prefabricated drill holes; there is a positive correlation between the diameter of the drill hole and the power law index of the stress drop distribution; the acoustic emission activity of the rock during the deformation and failure process can be indirectly reflected the evolution of microfractures; the energy probability density function under different borehole diameters conforms to the power law distribution; the critical exponent obtained by the maximum likelihood estimation has an optimal plateau value, which can accurately characterize the power exponent of the energy distribution; the launch waiting time and aftershock sequence have a good power-law distribution in logarithmic coordinates. The research results provide a certain theoretical basis for the application of drilling pressure relief technology in southwestern Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper studies the influencing factors of permeability in shales of the Longmaxi Formation, located in the southern Sichuan Basin, China. The methodologies used in the present study include overburden pore permeability experiments, whole rock analysis and geochemical tests, NMR measurements of fluid saturation, pore size distribution and specific surface area distribution, SEM and extraction of pore structure parameters, and core analysis. The results show the following: (1) high TOC and high maturity generate a large number of organic pores, which may improve the permeability of shale. (2) Mineral composition and rock relative permeability also have influence on permeability to a certain degree, since different minerals have different effects on shale permeability. Clay in the study area has an adverse effect on permeability. The results show that the organic-rich siliceous clay mixed shale facies in this area has the best permeability. (3) A large specific surface area and total pore volume are associated with good shale permeability, while average pore size does not correlate with permeability. A small fractal dimension of pore morphology and simple pore structure result in good permeability, and bedding is the key controlling factor for the anisotropy of shale permeability. (4) Water in shales can influence the permeability of microfractures by binding to clay minerals. Low permeability in shales with high bound water saturation suggests that water and clay mineral absorption may block flow channels, resulting in poor permeability. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influencing factors on shale permeability of the Longmaxi Formation in the study area and to provide a reference for the exploration and development of shale gas in this area of the Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper studies the influencing factors of permeability in shales of the Longmaxi Formation, located in the southern Sichuan Basin, China. The methodologies used in the present study include overburden pore permeability experiments, whole rock analysis and geochemical tests, NMR measurements of fluid saturation, pore size distribution and specific surface area distribution, SEM and extraction of pore structure parameters, and core analysis. The results show the following: (1) high TOC and high maturity generate a large number of organic pores, which may improve the permeability of shale. (2) Mineral composition and rock relative permeability also have influence on permeability to a certain degree, since different minerals have different effects on shale permeability. Clay in the study area has an adverse effect on permeability. The results show that the organic-rich siliceous clay mixed shale facies in this area has the best permeability. (3) A large specific surface area and total pore volume are associated with good shale permeability, while average pore size does not correlate with permeability. A small fractal dimension of pore morphology and simple pore structure result in good permeability, and bedding is the key controlling factor for the anisotropy of shale permeability. (4) Water in shales can influence the permeability of microfractures by binding to clay minerals. Low permeability in shales with high bound water saturation suggests that water and clay mineral absorption may block flow channels, resulting in poor permeability. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influencing factors on shale permeability of the Longmaxi Formation in the study area and to provide a reference for the exploration and development of shale gas in this area of the Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better study the propagation law of tunnel blasting in mountain landforms, taking the excavation blasting project of the Yangliu tunnel along the Yinsong expressway in Guizhou as the research object, the propagation law of vibration waves to tunnel blasting under the mountain tunnel was analyzed based on the ABAQUS finite element software and compared with the field monitoring data. The results show the peak vibration velocity of numerical simulation. Generally, the simulation value is slightly larger than the field monitoring value, but the average error of closing speed is less than 25% and the maximum error is less than 45%. The component velocity of surface peak vibration under blasting to load is the largest in the vertical direction. The "cavity effect" formed by the side-passing tunnel wall has the most significant amplification effect on the peak vibration velocity in the X direction of the rock and soil above it, which is about 1.62∼1.85 times and the resultant velocity is enlarged by 1.27∼1.45 times. Blasting vibration waves spread to the surface in the form of spherical waves inside the mountain, causing the vibration center of the surface to move to the area with lower elevation. The "cavity effect" caused by the side-through tunnel and the shift of the surface diffusion center to the lower part together led to the peak velocity of the lower measuring point of the Yangliu tunnel being much higher than that of the higher measuring point. The research results of this paper have certain reference significance in controlling the influence of underground blasting vibration on residential buildings in mountain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For low permeability coal seam permeability is weak, low degree of gas migration, prone to gas accidents and other issues. In this paper, a numerical model is established to simulate the process of hydraulic fracturing under monotonic loading and cyclic loading, and a method of increasing permeability of coal seam by cyclic loading hydraulic fracturing technology is proposed. Combined with similar experiments, the influence of cyclic load and cyclic load applied parameters on the fracturing effect of coal and rock mass was analyzed by applying a cyclic load with a pulse pump. The effect of cyclic load pressure technology on coal seam drainage was analyzed by application in 20915 gas control roadways of a coal mine in Guizhou. The results show that after fracturing, the fracture extends along the weak plane of the prefabricated fracture, the pore pressure in the fracture is high pressure, and the pore pressure around the fracture decreases step by step. Due to the compression of the crack, the energy is transferred to the two ends of the crack. The pore pressure has an irregular oval distribution, and there is stress concentration. The pressure value reaches 41.48 MPa. After the cyclic load was applied to the model, the pressure reached the maximum value of 27.64 MPa at 3.37 s. Compared with the monotonic load, the pressure value was reduced by 46.27%. Through pressure and ringing analysis, the fatigue damage of specimens can be realized under cyclic loading. In the experiment, the unconstrained initiation pressure was 2.48 MPa, but after the constraint was applied, the initiation pressure increased to 4.58 MPa, and the pressure increase reached about 55%. After multiple loading and unloading, the peak pressure of the specimen can be reduced and the number of cracks can be increased. In the experiment, the gas extraction rate of ordinary drilling was maintained at about 0.019 m3/min, and the gas extraction rate of ordinary fracturing drilling fluctuated at 0.025 m3/min after 21 days of gas extraction. The pumping capacity of 15 Hz and 20 Hz cyclic loading fracturing boreholes tended to be stable after 15 days, which were about 0.041 m3/min and 0.062 m3/min, respectively. Cyclic loading hydraulic fracturing is better than monotonic loading hydraulic fracturing, and the lower the cyclic loading frequency, the better the fracturing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dugesia from Guizhou province, China, based on an integrative approach, combining morphological, histological and molecular information. This new species, Dugesia gemmulata Sun & Wang, sp. nov., is characterized by the ventral part of the most posterior section of the bursal canal being provided with a voluminous, ellipsoidal muscular swelling; sac- or egg-shaped seminal vesicle situated near the ventral body surface in anterior portion of the penis bulb; postero-dorsal wall of seminal vesicle communicating with a narrow duct that first runs almost vertically but then shows a postero-dorsally directed loop before connecting with a small diaphragm; an ejaculatory duct opening terminally or subterminally; an asymmetrical penis papilla, with its dorsal lip being provided with a bump; oviducts opening asymmetrically into female copulatory apparatus, with the left oviduct opening into the common atrium and the right oviduct opening into the vaginal section of the bursal canal. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new species belongs to a clade comprising species from the Australasian and Oriental regions, while it shares a sister-group relationship with D. umbonata Song & Wang, 2020, a species characterized by a muscular swelling on the dorsal side of its bursal canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide susceptibility assessment serves as a critical scientific reference for geohazard control, land use, and sustainable development planning. The existing research has not fully considered the potential impact of the spatial agglomeration and dispersion of landslides on assessments. This issue may cause a systematic evaluation bias when the field investigation data are insufficient, which is common due to limited human resources. Accordingly, this paper proposes two novel strategies, including a clustering algorithm and a preprocessing method, for these two ignored features to strengthen assessments, especially in high-susceptibility regions. Multiple machine learning models are compared in a case study of the city of Bijie (Guizhou Province, China). Then we generate the optimal susceptibility map and conduct two experiments to test the validity of the proposed methods. The primary conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) random forest (RF) was superior to other algorithms in the recognition of high-susceptibility areas and the portrayal of local spatial features; (2) the susceptibility map incorporating spatial feature messages showed a noticeable improvement over the spatial distribution and gradual change of susceptibility, as well as the accurate delineation of critical hazardous areas and the interpretation of historical hazards; and (3) the spatial distribution feature had a significant positive effect on modeling, as the accuracy increased by 5% and 10% after including the spatial agglomeration and dispersion consideration in the RF model, respectively. The benefit of the agglomeration is concentrated in high-susceptibility areas, and our work provides insight to improve the assessment accuracy in these areas, which is critical to risk assessment and prevention activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydropower, an excellent power source for peak shaving, can respond quickly to load changes, which helps to overcome the anti-peak characteristics of wind and solar power. However, complementary operation with wind and solar power changes the operating boundaries of hydropower stations, making the original operating rules no longer applicable. Considering daily peak-shaving demands, this paper proposes a methodology to develop operating rules for a hydro–wind–solar hybrid system (HWSHS). First, a multi-objective and multi-timescale operation model is developed to ensure energy generation and peak-shaving performance simultaneously. Second, the feasible and reasonable region of available energy-based operating rules is analyzed, and three rule forms are employed to explore the optimal operating rules. Last, NSGA-II is utilized to optimize the rule parameters. A decoupling method is proposed to handle the shape constraints of operating rules, and the multi-timescale simulation method for a HWSHS is developed as the fitness function. In the simulation method, a load reconstruction-based load shedding (LRLS) method is introduced to determine the hourly output of each hydropower station. A forebay elevation check method is performed to obtain the hourly forebay elevation and correct the hourly output. The Beipan HWSHS in Guizhou Province, China, is selected as a case study, and the optimal operating rules are determined. The results also show that (1) the standard operating rules with hedging and packing increase peak-shaving performance by an average of 4.31% and 2.03% compared to the standard operating rules and linear operating rules, respectively; (2) the peak-shaving performance can be significantly increased (6.70%) with a slight decrease (0.37%) in the energy generation through changing the seasonal distribution of water and energy of the cascade hydropower stations; (3) the LRLS method, which makes the interday energy distribution more uniform, increases the peak-shaving performance by an average of 9.17% compared to the traditional load shedding method; (4) the energy generation and peak-shaving performance of the HWSHS are affected by the transmission capacity, and it is necessary to increase the transmission capacity by 25% to 35% of the installed capacity of wind and solar power stations. • A methodology is proposed to develop operating rules considering peak-shaving demands. • A multi-objective and multi-timescale operation model is developed. • The feasible and reasonable region of available energy-based operating rules is analyzed. • A multi-timescale simulation method is designed to simulate the operation of a HWSHS. • The methodology significantly improves the peak-shaving performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of roof stress and fracture distribution characteristics on the stability of stope surrounding rock under repeated mining in close-distance coal seams, the research background of this paper is the close-distance coal seam mining of a mine in Guizhou province, China. The dynamic evolution characteristics of stope roof caving and the stress environment change law under repeated mining are studied by using the method of similar simulation experiment, numerical simulation, and field verification. The results show that the roof stage under repeated mining can be divided into four stages: normal mining, roof deterioration, end face roof leaks, and support crushing. The tip-to-face distance, support height, and support working condition are the main influencing factors in end face roof control. The main reason for the support crushing is that the roof above the support is broken, the main roof cannot form the self-stable structure, and the support force is insufficient. The roof dynamic load is high, and the subsidence of the end face roof is large, which is prone to roof caving during the stope roof weighting. Moreover, the roof weighting is frequent under repeated mining, which leads to the broken roof and the support cannot be supported, resulting in the occurrence of the support crushing accident. The control strategies for stope roof under repeated mining are provided based on the thorough study findings. The working face 17101 roof is successfully controlled by the aforesaid procedures, which provides the foundation for the management of stope surrounding rock under repeated loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration target at different depths through the ground-airborne frequency domain electromagnetic method (GAFDEM) is detected by transmitting waveforms at different frequencies. When taking these different depths into detail, arbitrarily distributed frequencies are needed. However, the current transmitting waveforms are mostly in a fixed frequency ratio or frequency difference, which fails to meet the requirements of exploration accuracy and efficiency at the same time. Therefore, as a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a transmitting waveform design method based on selective harmonic eliminated pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) technology. In the SHEPWM method, three transmitting waveforms with the desired spectrum are obtained by directly controlling the switching angles of a binary sequence with an artificial neural network algorithm. Firstly, our study puts forward the basic theories and principles of the full-periodic asymmetric SHEPWM waveform. Secondly, the study, through simulation, realizes the pseudorandom, depth-focused, and layer-identification waveform with different detection depths. Finally, the application of the proposed SHEPWM waveform to the geological survey in Kaili City, Guizhou Province, proves the correctness and feasibility of this proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drought resistance mechanism of typical mosses in the karst area was studied, and the water and photosynthetic physiological adaptation of mosses to karst environmental change was analyzed in this paper, which provided the basis for the restoration and control of karst rocky desertification ecological environment. Three superior plants in the rocky desertification area of Guizhou province were selected; they are, respectively, Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwaegr.) Par., Barbula unguiculata Hedw., and Bryum argenteum Hedw. Results show that the three kinds of plant rock mosses of leaf water potential (Ψs), free water content ( V a ), total water content, and relative water content (RWC) decreased; bound water ( V s ), water saturation deficit (WSD), and V s / V a ratio increased; transpiration rate (Tr) fell slightly, under drought stress. The physiological indexes of water have different degrees of recovery after rehydration. The total chlorophyll content shows a trend of first increasing followed by falling and then rising. RWC was negatively related to qN and positively related to F v / F m , yield, ETR, and qP. After rewetting, the fluorescence parameters are returned to average level under mild-to-moderate stress. At the same time, it is hard to get back to the control level under severe pressure. The water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with stress and recovered to different degrees after rehydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to examine the coupling and coordination degree (CCD) between the urbanization and ecological environment in Guizhou, China. The entropy weight method and coupling effect model were used to calculate the CCD between the urbanization and ecological environment of Guizhou and each of its prefectures. The results show the following: (1) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the urbanization and ecological environment deterioration in Guizhou, which can be described by the Kuznets curve; (2) both the urbanization and ecological environment improve with the increase in the CCD; (3) unlike the traditional urbanization path, the urbanization in Guizhou features the parallel progress of industrialization and ecological environment protection. These results prove another possibility of the Kuznets curve: the curve can reach the turning point without high urbanization. This new urbanization path of balance-upgrading provides an important reference for backward areas to realize low-carbon economy and sustainable development at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pteris insignis, which has the medical function of clearing heat and draining dampness as well as activating blood to subside swelling, is widely distributed and rich in resources in Guizhou. As far as we know, there is no literature report on the study of its chemical constituents and biological activity. The purpose of this paper was to explore the material basis of this species, to reveal the related bioactive constituents and lead compounds. The aerial part of P. insignis was extracted with 95% methanol to give crude extract, which was then isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI gel CHP 20P, YMC gel ODS-A-HG and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of obtained compounds were deduced by the analysis of comprehensive spectral data. Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as ( -) -a-tocospirone (1), cyclolaudenol ( 2), ( 25, 35) -pterosin C ( 3), ( 2R, 35)-pterosin C ( 4), pterosin ll (5), plerosin F (6), a-ionone A(7), saurnpunol C/D (8/8'), ficusol (9), palmilic acid ( 10), 2-dodec-2-envlsuccinic acid dimdhyl esler (11), nwlhyl-9-phen1'l-lO-hydmxy(1cladecanoale (12), hexadecarn1ic acid-2,3-dihydmxypmpy 1 esler ( 13), mdhyl daidale ( 14), ( Z, Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid mdhyl esler ( 15), ( Z, Z, Z) -9, 12, 15- ocladecalrienoic acid esler ( 16), carnlenoid ( 17), /J-siloslernl ( 18) . All Lhe compounds were isolated fmm P. imignis for Lhe firsl Lime. The results of Lhis sludy will lay a scientific foumlalion for Lhe rational use of ils r'f'.sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human settlement environment is a dynamic subsystem where people live and produce in the social system. This paper aims at evaluating comprehensively the suitability state of a given human settlement environment in a certain time and space and its evolutionary trend, the set pair analysis theory and its connection numbers are introduced into the suitability evaluation, and the set of human settlements is established. The set pair analysis model based on partial connection number is used to assess the suitability status and the development trend of human settlements in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2017. The result shows that the set pair analysis model has the features of convenience, impersonality and good feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental prediction is one of the crucial means for social sustainable development. Based on the continuous sampling of atmospheric precipitation in Guanling County, Guizhou Province, China, from March 2016 to February 2017, and combining the reanalyzed data of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this paper analyzed the variations of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation at the synoptic scale in the Guanling region. The results showed that the variations of δ2H, δ18O, and d-excess values in precipitation exhibited remarkable seasonal variability. The stable isotopic values in precipitation in the winter half-year were higher than those in the summer half-year. The meteoric water line of the winter half-year was close to the annual meteoric water line. The results showed that there was more than one fundamental source of moisture. It was affected by the winter monsoon period, which is longer than the summer monsoon period, so the local evaporation of water vapor participating in the water circulation had a greater impact. With the increase of precipitation, the intercept and slope of the meteoric water line gradually decreased, which indicated that the secondary evaporation was weak under the effect of stable isotope subcloud cluster. The correlations of precipitation δ18O with temperature T and precipitation P vary with time scales. As the time scale decreased, the correlation between δ18O and the temperature and precipitation improved. When P ≤ 5 mm and 10°C < T ≤ 30°C, the most sensitive changes in stable isotopes were observed. In the study area, the backward trajectory model showed that the moisture in the winter half of the year was mainly from the transportation of the westerlies wind, replenishment, and local reevaporation of near-source ocean water, while the water in the summer half of the year mainly came from the transportation of water from the ocean at low latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A composite index named GLCDES is developed to dynamically assess the level of Green Low-carbon Circular Development. • The combined-assignment VIKOR model based on game theory is developed to thoroughly estimate the construction level of GLCDES. • Southwest China's Green Low-carbon Circular Development Economic System construction level is examined from 2012 to 2021, showing how the long-side principle governs each region's value. • Selecting and strengthening the long side in combination with its reality is an effective way to improve the construction level of GLCDES. Emission peak and carbon neutrality are critical components of China's overall ecological civilization, and the establishment of a sound Green Low-carbon Circular Development Economic System (GLCDES) is a fundamental countermeasure for solving China's resource, environmental, and ecological problems. This paper used the new development concept as entry points to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system encompassing six subsystems: development dynamics, production and living systems, green benefits, low-carbon benefits, circularity benefits and socio-economic benefits. The combined-assignment VIKOR model, based on game theory, was used to thoroughly estimate the construction level of GLCDES by combining panel data from four southwestern provinces, including Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, from 2012 to 2021. The study discovered that: the construction level of GLCDES in all four southwestern provinces increased over the past ten years, but the increase was not significant, the four development effectiveness indices, including green, low-carbon, circularity and socio-economic, were significantly improved, the development dynamics index was not significantly enhanced, and the index of production and living systems declined in fluctuation from year to year. The construction level of GLCDES between regions was very uneven and can be divided into two echelons, with the gap between Chongqing and Guizhou being particularly obvious. Regions can be categorized into three major categories based on the number of dominant subsystems. According to the above results, the total value of the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of each region is governed by the principle of the long side, which is an effective way to improve the construction level of GLCDES by selecting and strengthening the long side in combination with its reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Metallogenic mechanism of lithium resource in sedimentary bauxite (aluminum) deposits was proposed. • Lithium associated with clay minerals in sedimentary bauxite (aluminum) deposits was concluded. • The occurrence states of lithium in clay minerals were reviewed. • The affecting factors of lithium leaching from clay minerals were discussed. Bauxite-associated type Li resource is mainly discovered in the sedimentary bauxite (aluminum) deposits forming areas, especially Northern Guizhou-Southern Chongqing, Western Henan and Central Guizhou, China. This paper reviews the enrichment mechanism and occurrence states of Li in sedimentary bauxite (aluminum) deposits. The Li in these deposits is derived from underlying carbonate rock, and the favorable sedimentary environment, e.g., alternation climate of dry and humid, the marine-continental transitional zone with reduction-weak oxidation and low salinity, is conducive to the Li enrichment in these deposits. Li is mainly hosted by independent mineral (i.e., cookeite), partly adsorbed by montmorillonite, and rarely adsorbed by illite/kaolinite. Furthermore, the leaching methods and affecting factors of Li from bauxite-associated type Li resource are summarized. Acid solution is the main leaching solution, but its excessive use can generate abundant acidic residues, which have hazards to the environment. Thereby, leaching solution with little or no acid has been recommended. The affecting factors of Li leaching are the calcination temperature, leaching temperature, leaching time, liquid–solid ration and mineral particle size. The above summary deepens the understanding of the enrichment mechanism and occurrence states of Li in the sedimentary bauxite (aluminum) deposits, and has the potential to promote Li resource, initially considered uneconomical, become an important economic source of Li. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is one of the most severe natural hazards with a significant impact on water resources. Droughts affect the sustainability of water resources and may result in environmental degradation of a region. The appropriate drought index is playing an important role on drought assessment. This paper addresses the best-fitting distribution of monthly water balance (WB), and the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in Guizhou Province, China, during 1960–2017. The best-fitting distribution of monthly WB calculated using three potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimation methods was determined based on the goodness-of-fit test. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at various timescales was computed based on the optimal distribution. The modified Mann-Kendall method, run theory, and inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation method were used to investigate spatiotemporal evolution of drought. Over result revealed that the common log-logistic distribution was not the most suitable distribution for WB in Guizhou Province and the gen. extreme value distribution is optimum fit for the WB series calculated based on different methods for 76.47% of the stations. Moreover, different calculation methods seem to have little influence on the fitting results. The drought shows an upward trend in spring and autumn and a downward trend in summer and winter during 1960–2017; the increasing magnitude of summer and autumn drought was greater in the northeastern and northwestern Guizhou Province. The annual droughts are significantly increasing (p = 0.05) at Anshun and Panxian. The drought frequency showed a decreasing trend from light drought to severe drought in Guizhou Province, and the drought intensity was relatively more severe during 2010–2017 than other periods. These findings are helpful for water resource management in Guizhou Province and indicate that we should pay more attention to the drought mitigation of the higher-elevation regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Petrocodon luteoflorus Lei Cai & F.Wen was first described and illustrated from Maolan National Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The diagnostic characters and notes of this species between its most morphologically similar species, P. dealbatus Hance, a detailed description, colour photographs, etymology, as well as distribution and habitat, are also provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Imported falciparum malaria from Africa has become a key public health challenge in Guizhou Province since 2012. Understanding the polymorphisms of molecular markers of drug resistance can guide selection of antimalarial drugs for the treatment of malaria. This study was aimed to analyze the polymorphisms of pfcrt, pfmdr1, and K13-propeller among imported falciparum malaria cases in Guizhou Province, China.Method: Fifty-five imported falciparum malaria cases in Guizhou Province during 2012-2016 were included in this study. Their demographic information and filter paper blood samples were collected. Genomic DNA of Plasmodium falciparum was extracted from the blood samples, and polymorphisms of pfcrt, pfmdr1, and K13-propeller were analyzed with nested PCR amplification followed by sequencing. Data were analyzed with the SPSS17.0 software.Results: The prevalence of pfcrt K76T, pfmdr1 N86Y, and pfmdr1 Y184F mutation was 56.6, 22.2, and 72.2%, respectively, in imported falciparum malaria cases in Guizhou Province. We detected two mutant haplotypes of pfcrt, IET and MNT, with IET being more commonly found (54.7%), and five mutant haplotypes of pfmdr1, of which NFD was the most frequent (53.7%). There were totally 10 combined haplotypes of pfcrt and pfmdr1, of which the haplotype IETNFD possessed a predominance of 28.8%. In addition, three nonsynonymous mutations (S459T, C469F, and V692L) and two synonymous mutations (R471R and V589V) were detected in K13-propeller, all having prevalence less than 6.0%. In particular, a candidate K13 resistance mutation, C469F, was identified for the first time from Democratic Republic of the Congo with the prevalence of 2.0%.Conclusions: The high prevalence of IET haplotype of pfcrt and NFD haplotype of pfmdr1 suggests the presence of chloroquine, artemether/lumefantrine, and dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine resistance in these cases. Therefore cautions should be made to artemisinin therapy for P. falciparum in Africa. Continuous monitoring of anti-malarial drug efficacy in imported malaria cases is helpful for optimizing antimalarial drug therapy in Guizhou Province, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reveals three new sac spider species. All of them are distributed in southern China and can be placed in the Clubiona corticalis-group: Clubiona caohai sp. nov. from Guizhou, Clubiona dakong sp. nov. from Tibet and Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov. from Hunan. Diagnosis, detailed descriptions, illustrations and distribution map of these three species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fractures not only improve the physical properties of shale reservoirs but also promote the formation of hydraulic fracturing networks. The accurate identification of natural fractures in shale reservoirs is of a great significance to the exploration and development of shale gas. In this paper, the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Cen'gong block of northern Guizhou Province is taken as the research horizon. A variety of conventional logging parameters are selected to identify the natural fractures in the Niutitang Formation of three shale gas wells in the study area by combining R/S analysis method. Fracture locations can be accurately determined by calculating the second derivatives of lg(R/S) function. Considering the sensitivity of logging parameters to natural fractures, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to assign the corresponding weight to each logging parameter. A new parameter, fracture development coefficient, is introduced to quantitatively characterize the development degree of natural fractures. The results of R/S analysis are compared with those of core fracture observation and statistics. The results show that R/S analysis has a good effect on shale fracture identification, and the effect of fracture identification of three wells presents the following order: TM‐1 > TX‐1 > CY‐1. There is a positive correlation between fracture development coefficient and fracture linear density, indicating that the larger the fracture development coefficient is, the more developed the shale fractures are. Therefore, the fracture development coefficient can be used to characterize the degree of fracture development. In addition, we also analyze the errors of the identification results of R/S analysis and compare this method with conventional logging method. R/S analysis based on conventional logging is an accurate and efficient fracture identification method, which provides a new idea for the study and quantitative characterization of the natural fractures in shale reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southwestern Guizhou is a main distribution area of Carlin-type gold deposits in China, and rich in epithermal deposits like antimony, arsenic and mercury. The elemental paragenesis-separation is common among these deposits, especially between gold and antimony. This paper systematically analyzes the fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry of two typical deposits in southwestern Guizhou, namely, Shuiyindong gold deposit and Dachang antimony deposit. The analysis shows that the ore-forming fluids from the two deposits have similar properties and the same origins, and the ore-forming materials of the two deposits come from the same sources: the ore-forming fluids from both deposits are of low to medium temperature, low to medium salinity and medium density; both of them might belong to the system of H2O-NaCl-KCl-CO2. The tests on gas-liquid phase compositions and H-O isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluids of both gold and antimony deposits come from multiple sources; the main source is the underground hot fluid formed from meteoric water, and a few amount of magmatic fluid and even mantle fluid might also be involved in the formation of the fluids. The sulfur isotope test reveals that the δ34S values of gold and antimony deposits both concentrate in a small range near 0‰, and the S isotope composition is similar to that of mantle sulfur, indicating that the sulfur in the ore-forming materials of the gold and antimony deposits mainly come from deep mantle. The research results lay the theoretical basis for the metallogenic factors in southwestern Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species found in the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. Based on its tubular-campanulate calyx, this taxon should be a member of sect. Paraphlomis Prain. The new species resembles P. patentisetulosa C.Y. Wu & H. W. Li, P. hispida C.Y. Wu, and P. hirsutissima C.Y. Wu & H.W. Li, but differs from these three taxa in the following aspects: the stems are very short (<7 cm), with one or two short internodes, giving the impression of having a tuft of basal leaves; it has sparsely setose hairs on the outer surface of the calyces and short fruiting calyces. The florescence, fruit period, habitat, and the geographical distribution of P. kuankuoshuiensis are also quite different from the three closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many studies have been concerned with Changhsingian brachiopod faunas in South China, brachiopod faunas of the mixed nearshore clastic-carbonate facies have not been studied in detail. In this paper, a brachiopod fauna collected from the Changhsingian Wangjiazhai Formation and the Griesbachian Yelang Formation at the Liuzhi section (Guizhou Province, South China) is described. The Liuzhi section represents mixed clasticcarbonate facies and yields 30 species of 16 genera of brachiopod. Among the described and illustrated species, new morphological features of genera Peltichia, Prelissorhynchia and Spiriferellina are provided. Because of limited materials, four undetermined species instead of new species from these three genera are proposed. The Liuzhi brachiopod fauna from lower part of the Wangjiazhai Formation shares most genera with fauna of carbonate facies in South China, and the fauna from the upper part is similar to that from the Zhongzhai and Zhongying sections, representative shallowwater clastic facies sections in Guizhou Province. Consistent with the lithological feature of the Wangjiazhai Formation at the Liuzhi section, the Liuzhi brachiopod fauna shows similar changing pattern with fauna from sections of shallow-water clastic and carbonate facies, and all present a sudden decline of diversity prior to the Permian-Triassic boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The huntsman spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 contains 140 species worldwide, of which 61 have been described from China. In this paper, this knowledge is increased by the description of two new species from Yunnan Province in China. These new species, P. physematosa sp. nov. (♀) and P. semilunata sp. nov. (♂♀), are treated with five previously described ones, P. bibulba Xu & Yin, 2000 (♂♀), P. signata Jäger, 2001 (♂♀), P. wu Jäger, Li & Krehenwinkel, 2015 (♂♀), P. yinae Jäger & Vedel, 2007 (♂), and P. yunnanensis Yang & Hu, 2001 (♂♀), as the newly defined Pseudopoda signata species group. The P. signata group can be distinguished from other groups within Pseudopoda by the male palps with long, slightly broad, S-shaped embolus, small but distinct tegular apophysis, pronounced dRTA and reduced vRTA, and by the female with V-shaped or W-shaped anterior margins of lateral lobes, membranous and wide first winding, long and strongly curved SIDS (sclerotised internal duct system), the latter mostly covered by the first winding. The monophyly of this group is also supported by molecular phylogenetic results mainly based on Chinese Pseudopoda species. In addition, photographs of P. bibulba (♂♀), P. signata (♂♀), and P. yunnanensis (♂♀) are provided. P. bibulba is newly recorded from Guizhou Province and P. signata is newly recorded from Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]