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Introduction. Cervical incompetence (cervical insufficiency) is the inability of the uterine cervix to retain a pregnancy in the absence of uterine contractions. It typically presents as acute, painless dilatation of the cervix, which can lead to a midtrimester pregnancy loss. Transvaginal ultrasound can be used as a diagnostic tool and to monitor cervical changes in cases of cervical incompetence. Materials and method. We have searched the literature on articles published on this aspect on PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane, by using the following keywords: “cervical incompetence”, “cervical shortening”, “ultrasound measurements”. We found that some of the ultrasound aspects used in the evaluation of cervical incompetence are: cervical length measurement, funneling assessment and bulging of the fetal membranes into a widened internal os. Conclusions. Cervical shortening is a prognostic indicator for the risk of preterm labor progressing into preterm delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cervical incompetence (cervical insufficiency) is the inability of the uterine cervix to retain a pregnancy in the absence of uterine contractions. It typically presents as acute, painless dilatation of the cervix, which can lead to a midtrimester pregnancy loss. Transvaginal ultrasound can be used as a diagnostic tool and to monitor cervical changes in cases of cervical in competence. Materials and method. We have searched the literature on articles published on this aspect on PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane, by using the following keywords: “cervical incompetence”, “cervical shortening”, “ultrasound measurements”. We found that some of the ultrasound aspects used in the evaluation of cervical incompetence are: cervical length measurement, funneling assessment and bulging of the fetal membranes into a widened internalos. Conclusions. Cervical shortening is a prognostic indicator for the risk of preterm labor progressing into preterm delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cervical-facial fetal tumors are an entity. Head and neck tumors are able to influence the vital prognosis at postnatal birth due to respiratory obstruction. The teratoma is most commonly seen in the neonatal solid, but only about 5% of the teratomas are located in the cervical-facial region. Early ultrasound imaging is the gold standard for the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities, while prenatal 3D ultrasound and prenatal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are complementary tools to establish a more accurate diagnosis. Methodology. We present a clinical case of prenatalversus- nasal suspected pathology, predominantly on the right side of the face, diagnosed by ultrasound at 26 weeks and 6 days of gestation. In addition to 2D and 4D ultrasound, the patient was referred to a reference hospital, where a fetal MRI was performed. The presumptive diagnosis was teratoma and fibrochondroma, tumors that can be solitary associated with one of the PAI or Goldenhar syndromes, but without a morphological facial argument for one of these syndromes. Postnatally, the established diagnosis was teratoma/nasal dermoid, with intrathermoid extension. During the postnatal period, the option of performing the surgical section of the tumor was discussed and adopted by a multidisciplinary team. The histopathological examination confirmed our suspicion and had the objective of a maturated frontonasal teratoma. Conclusions. The clinical significance of these births comes from the postnatal complications that they can cause, due to the over-the-air birth effects of the newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]