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The present investigation was undertaken in 110 mung bean genotypes in alpha lattice design in two replications to estimate the correlation coefficients, direct and indirect effects of various yield contributing traits on grain yield for 18 quantitative traits and nine screening traits against bruchids. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that single plant yield showed high significant positive correlation with number of pods per plant, followed by number of clusters per plant and hundred seed weight. Path analysis showed that days to 50 per cent flowering and number of pods per plant showed high positive direct effect on single plant yield. The bruchid bioassay resulted in the identification of 12 genotypes with complete resistance to bruchids and all the characters showed high significant positive correlation with each other except for number of eggs laid. Hence, the resistant genotypes identified in this study can be used in resistance breeding programme for bruchids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate the genetic variability, character association and path coefficient for various quantitative traits in fifty rice genotypes comprising of landraces and varieties under water limited conditions. Drought being a major abiotic stress causes severe reduction in grain yield especially during reproductive stages. The results revealed the presence of high genetic variability and significance for all the traits studied. The traits like single plant yield, number of filled spikelets per panicle, number of productive tillers per plant, flag leaf length, leaf rolling and leaf drying showed high variability compared to all other traits. The traits viz., spikelet fertility, number of productive tillers per plant, number of total tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf breadth, panicle length, number of filled spikelets per panicle and relative water content exhibited a significant and positive correlation and direct effect on single plant yield, suggesting the potential importance of these traits in the improvement and selection of stable and high-yielding rice genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present experiment was undertaken to study the variability, trait association and principle component analysis among eighteen characters in 53 rice genotypes including landraces and cultivars. Higher estimates of GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and GAM were observed for a number of filled grains per panicle followed by a number of spikelets per panicle and single plant yield indicated that these traits could be utilised for selection in rice improvement. Study of association of yield attributing traits revealed that the single plant yield had a significant positive association with the total number of spikelets per plant, number of filled grains per plant and number of primary branches per plant and had a significant negative association with the length of the primary branches. Hence, direct selection of positively associated characters can improve the grain yield and increased primary branch length reduces the number of primary and secondary branches that might lead to a reduction in yield. Path coefficient analysis showed that the number of spikelets per panicle, primary branches per plant and length of secondary branches had a positive direct effect on yield. Therefore, giving weightage during selection to the above the mentioned traits could improve the yield and yield attributes. The principal component analysis showed that out of 18 traits studied, only eight principal components (PCs) had Eigen values greater than 1.00 and accounted for approximately 80.18% of the total cumulative variability. Single plant yield, number of fertile spikelets and total number of spikelets per plant and number of tillers showed maximum vector length confirming that the maximum contribution to the total diversity and the genotypes with the above characters could be utilized as donors to improve the yield and its attributing traits in future breeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense L.) is one of the neglected crops which is becoming popular as nutri-cereal. Development of high yielding stable cultivars may offer better economic return from this crop. Assessment of interrelationship among important economic traits helps to identify major yield component traits which could be selected for overall yield improvement hence development of superior genotypes. In this context, 50 genotypes of little millet were evaluated during kharif 2021, to identify important yield component traits through correlation and path analysis of 16 quantitative traits. Estimates of genotypic correlation coefficients were found to be higher than the estimates of phenotypic correlation coefficients, indicating that association were majorly under genetic control. It was revealed that direct selection based on fodder yield per plant, plant height and 1000 seed weight may help in augmenting grain yield in the experimental material, whereas, harvest index came out as the most important character for indirect selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was carried out to assess the genetic variability and association among yield attributing traits in 60 different safflower genotypes over six environments. The pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all attributes had a considerable degree of variation. The pooled analysis of variability parameters revealed that the phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV)for all of the characteristics evaluated, indicating that experimental variance contributed to total variation. Petal yield/plant and seed yield/plant had the highest PCV and GCV followed by number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitula, height of insertion of first branch, hundred seed weight, number of primary branches/plant, length of longest primary branches, number of secondary branches and height up to main capitula. Number of capitula/plant, seed yield/plant, petal yield/plant, height of insertion of first branch, number of seeds per capitula, hundred seed weight, number of primary branches/plant, length of the longest primary branches, number of secondary branches, height upto main capitula, capitulum diameter and plant height all had high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean. Seedyield/plant showed positive, significant and directcorrelation with number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitulum, height up to the main capitulum, plant height, number of primary branches/plant, capitulum diameter, and hundred seed weight. Number of capitula/planthad the maximum direct effect on grain yield/plant followed by number of seeds/capitulum, hundred seed weight and petal yield/plant. Hence selection of these traits would improve seed and petal yield in safflower breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The F3 population of 22 wheat genotypes for 14 traits was evaluated at Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, during rabi, 2020-21. ANOVA revealed highly significant variation among all the traits studied. According to GCV and PCV grain yield per plant, harvest index, ear weight, test-weight, the number of productive tillers per plant and the number of grains per ear were found to be high (>20). High heritability (>60) and GA% (>20) of mean were observed for grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, test-weight, the number of ears per plant, the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of grains per ear, the number of spikelets per ear, ear weight, harvest index. The number of productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index exhibited a significant positive correlation and path direct with grain yield per plant. Thus, the above mentioned traits are additive genetic control and direct selection in wheat has good potential for improvement in grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the highly consumed legumes and has the ability to withstand wide environmental conditions. Sixty greengram genotypes were evaluated for genetic relatedness with 11 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of clusters per plant, the number of pods per cluster, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, pod length, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. The data were subjected to variability, genetic advance, heritability, correlation and path analysis. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was found to be high for the number of clusters per pod and the number of pods per plant. High heritability was noticed for single plant yield, plant height and hundred seed weight. The genetic advance was found to be very high for the number of pods per plant. Association studies revealed that the single plant yield was significantly correlated with the number of pods per plant (0.75) followed by the number of pods per cluster (0.60), the number of clusters per plant (0.58) and the number of seeds per pod (0.49). The direct and positive effect was recorded for the traits viz., days to maturity (1.44), the number of pods per cluster (0.67), pod length (0.46) and plant height (0.24). Phenotypic selection of traits contributing to grain yield exhibiting high heritability and genetic advance would help in the selection of superior genotypes for the improvement of grain yield in greengram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was consisted of 100 urdbean genotypes grown at two locations i.e. at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and its Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur during Summer, 2019. In principal component analysis, first four PCs possessed Eigen value more than 1 and revealed 73.29% and 66.43 % variability at Ludhiana and Gurdaspur respectively. PCA analysis suggested the importance of biological yield per plant, plant height, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, yield per plant and pods per plant to speed up the urdbean improvement. The correlation studies suggested significantly positive association of clusters per plant, pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index with grain yield per plant at both locations. Path analysis indicated that harvest index, biological yield per plant, nodes per plant, branches per plant showed the higher and positive direct effect on seed yield at both locations. Direct selection of genotypes with positively correlated characters can be considered useful for increasing seed yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to find the correlation and path coefficient analysis of 40 genotypes of sorghum for forage and grain yield and its attributes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at the Sorghum Research Station, SDAU, Deesa, Gujarat during Kharif-2018. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. The high values of GCV and PCV were recorded for leaf: stem ratio followed by dry fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant, panicle length and panicle width. The genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that leaf area, panicle width, day to maturity and 1000-grain weight exhibited high and positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. The genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that days to flowering, leaf width, the number of leaf per plant, leaf length and panicle width exhibited high and positive direct effect on dry fodder yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-one accessions of Oryza glaberrima were evaluated to study variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. Three checks namely, BPT 5204, IR 64 and Swarna for were utilized for comparison of variability parameters. High range of variation, PCV, GCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for days to 50 per cent flowering and the number of spikelets per panicle. Correlation revealed that the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, 1000 seed weight, kernel length, and L/B ratio showed a positive association with grain yield. However, days to 50% flowering, plant height and kernel breadth were found to be negatively correlated. Path analysis identified L/B ratio, panicle length and kernel breadth, which had the maximum direct positive effect on grain yield, while, L/B ratio via kernel length and days to 50% flowering via 1000 seed weight exhibited high positive indirect effects on grain yield per plant. Therefore, the selection of accessions with more panicle length and early maturity would be most suitable for selection in yield improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was undertaken with 107 elite rice genotypes to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for yield and yield component traits. In addition, character association between the yield and yield components and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield were also studied. High PCV and GCV were recorded for ear bearing tillers per plant, while high heritability were recorded for all the traits studied. Further, the high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for plant height, the number of ear bearing tillers per plant, the total number of grains per panicle, test weight and grain yield per plant. Among these, ear bearing tillers per plant had recorded a high variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean in addition to correlation and direct effects with grain yield per plant indicating its effectiveness as important selection criterion for the yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted with thirty five genotypes in rabi season of 2016-17 at research and education farm, Department of Agriculture Botany, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. Observations were recorded on eleven characters viz., days to initiation of flowering, day to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, straw yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant. The correlation study revealed that the characters viz., plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, straw yield per plant and harvest index showed highly significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant (g) at phenotypic and genotypic level. The path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters viz., days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g), straw yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%) exhibited positive direct effect on grain yield per plant (g). On the basis of path analysis and correlation study for grain yield, it could be concluded that selection on the basis of days to initiation of flowering, number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant and 100 seed weight could help in genetic improvement of grain yield per plant in lelentil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to assess the grain yield and its related yield components to establish a reliable selection criteria for evolving high yielding varieties in rice. The EMS derived M4 mutants of Anna(R) 4 rice cultivar was used for assessment of variability and association of yield and yield related traits. Phenotypic co-efficient of variation were invariably slightly higher than the genotypic co-efficient of variation, which indicated mild role of environment on the expression of these traits. However, moderate to high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance for the traits viz., number of grains per panicle, panicle weight and single plant yield renders the phenotypic selection more effective, since these traits were under the control of additive gene action. Association studies revealed that the number of grains per panicle, panicle weight and hundred grain weight showed positive significant correlation and direct effect towards grain yield in mutant population. The reduction of grain size and hundred grain weight ultimately increased the maximum number of grains per panicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted to explore the genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield and yield component traits in maize. One hundred maize inbred lines obtained from Department of millets,TNAU were raised along with five checks in Augmented block design II and observations were recorded on twenty morphological traits. Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variance for all the characters. High PCV, GCV heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for anthesis silking interval, number of tassel branches, number of kernels per row, grain yield per plant, cob weight, ear height and number kernel rows per cob. This indicated the effectiveness of selection towards these traits. Critical analysis of results obtained from character association indicated that grain yield per plant had positive significant association with cob weight, cob girth, number of kernels per row plant height, cob length, ear height, 100 kernel weight, tassel length and chlorophyll index. Thus selection for these traits could bring about an improvement in yield attributes of maize. Path analysis for the attributed traits revealed the direct influence of cob girth followed by number of kernels per row, shelling percentage, days to 50 percent silking and ear height on grain yield. Hence these traits could be used as an effective selection indicator to identify the elite genotypes from a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The F2 segregating generation of two crosses viz., CO 52 × CR Dhan 310 and RNR 15048 × CB 13543 were evaluated for variability parameters, character association and path coefficient analysis. The results revealed that both the crosses exhibited high GCV and PCV for the traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and single plant yield. The traits viz., number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, hundred grain weight and single plant yield showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene effect and selection for these traits may be effective. Correlation studies revealed that plant height, number of productive tillers and panicle length had significant positive association with single plant yield in both crosses. Number of productive tillers per plant showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. Path analysis revealed that number of productive tillers per plant showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment was carried out by using 101 germplasm accessions along with seven checks during Kharif 2018 in augmented design II to evaluate the association among grain yield and its component traits into direct and indirect effects of traits on the yield. The study was conducted for nine traits viz., plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, panicle length, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, hundred seed weight and grain yield per plant. Association studies indicated that hundred grain weight (r = 0.294) showed a significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant. This indicates that a strong association of this trait with grain yield per plant that could be fruitfully exploited for enhancing the yield potential in sorghum. Partitioning of yield and yield components into direct and indirect effects revealed that the characters, hundred seed weight (0.2922), leaf width (0.074), panicle length (0.1294) and stem diameter (0.0034) showed a positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Hence, these results revealed that the characters viz., leaf width, panicle length, and hundred seed weight are important traits for grain yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barnyard millet is one of the hardiest, climate resilient and fast growing crop that is bestowed with high nutrient content in grains. An experiment was carried out in barnyard millet under natural sodic soil condition to study the genetic variability and association for different morphological and yield contributing traits. Ninety nine barnyard millet genotypes including two commercial check varieties viz., MDU1 and CO (KV) 2 were evaluated under sodic soil condition. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the characters studied. High phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation and heritability were recorded for plant height, ear width, lower raceme length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and grain yield per plant. Association studies indicated that grain yield per plant had highly significant positive correlation with days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, ear width and thousand grain weight. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the highest direct and indirect effect on grain yield per plant was exhibited by days to fifty percent flowering. Thus, days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, ear width and thousand grain weight can be used as selection indices for increasing grain yield of barnyard millet in sodic soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]