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The transport accessibility of cities decreases with the increase in road traffic. Planners, traffic engineers, and road managers are looking for solutions that will reduce congestion on city streets without limiting transport accessibility to the city center. The article presents an overview of solutions used in Poland and abroad that aim to encourage people who travel by car to the city center to use other means of transport. The solutions were identified that can contribute to reducing road traffic in the city without limiting its transport accessibility based on the area inventory in Krakow. The next part of the article analyzes the use of P&R parking and the bike-sharing Wavelo system in Krakow in 2018. The results of the conducted analyses indicate that the most entrances to the P&R parking in Krakow were in the morning hours, whereas the most exits from these parking were in the afternoon. The holiday months were characterized by a lower use of parking space compared with the remaining months. These conclusions may indicate that the people using the analyzed parking lots are mainly commuters. On the contrary, the analysis of the use of the bike-sharing Wavelo system in Krakow allows for the conclusion that a large number of people used rental bikes for short journeys. These trips can complement the journeys made with the use of public transport or as a continuation of the journey after leaving the car in the P&R parking. Investments and development of this type of solutions may be an incentive for people traveling by car to use another means of transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to eliminating toll booth delays is understanding that they are primarily caused by lack of throughput at toll plazas, not by the fact that vehicles must slow down to pay a toll. A straightforward improvement to toll plaza operations is the addition of gates. However, if this addition is made abreast of the existing gates, it is deficient in two ways. A solution that promises to eliminate toll delays is the use of Automatic Vehicle Identification in conjunction with fully automated toll gates. In such a system, a vehicle carries an identification tag that is read by an instrumented toll gate, while the cars go through without need to slow down.