Search

To enable off-site construction (OSC), architects must finalize construction details in their design deliverables as early as possible, particularly in a building information modeling (BIM) environment, to enhance design constructability and project efficiency. However, most architects lack construction knowledge and practical experience, which impedes their ability to incorporate design-specific construction input (i.e., manufacturing, logistics, assembly, and installation demands) into BIM processes at the early stages. This deficiency can lead to errors, rework, and ultimately increased construction costs. To address this challenge, this study introduces an innovative approach to incorporate constructability knowledge into architectural design processes for BIM-enabled OSC projects. The methodology involved retrospective case studies of two completed OSC projects utilizing a component-centric analysis framework. This analysis resulted in an ontology of construction-specific design features that identified 11 types of constructability issues and the characterization of nine design feature classes that were categorized into three groups: substance; intersection; and composition. These feature classes and their 29 attributes were rigorously characterized from the perspective of BIM-enabled architectural design. This feature-based approach not only extends the BIM vocabulary and semantics from an architectural standpoint but also encapsulates construction knowledge as an integral input to architectural design. Additionally, three strategies were identified, analyzed, and summarized to inform these design features and attributes and to evaluate their effectiveness of addressing constructability issues. The study's ontological approach assists architects in acquiring a comprehensive understanding of design-specific construction knowledge, enabling them to differentiate, locate, and integrate critical types of constructability information into BIM-enabled architectural design deliverables early in the project delivery process. This paper is a foundational step in the development of automated modeling, algorithms, and constructability assessment for BIM-enabled architectural design deliverables, aimed at achieving a more streamlined construction process. Practical Applications: The study presents several practical implications for the OSC industry, aimed at bridging the gap between architectural design and actual construction through BIM-enabled architectural design. First, the proposed construction-specific ontology of design features can assist architects in identifying and incorporating essential constructability information into BIM. Second, these design features and their attributes cover a broad spectrum of construction-specific design information, going beyond geometric details to include the semantics associated with constructability constraints and design considerations while exploring alternative design strategies and tools. Third, these design features and attributes act as a structured "construction information checklist," which systematically guides architects in the early design stages to ensure comprehensive inclusion of all necessary construction-specific design information. Essentially, this checklist offers architects a preliminary method for incorporating constructability knowledge within a BIM environment at the initial phases of the architectural design process for OSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future is the first fundamental projection for architecture. Architecture has a duration in time, which often goes beyond the very life of its designer, so it is in itself a time machine, which must inexorably come to terms with projections of the future. Through a review of utopias in the field of architectural design over the last few centuries, this paper intends to explore utopian aspirations for the future spatial ideal of architectural education and the dialectic of its need to be 'realized'. The findings indicate that the futurescapes of architectural education requires cross-fertilization through interdisciplinarity, which emerges from the bottom up, generating contributing scenarios from the community; the adaptability of scenarios that are dynamic and in turn can generate variables in constant transformation; the temporal stratigraphy of the built environment, involving the coexistence of artifacts from different eras within the same space, and the need for reconciliation and sustainability; as well as the need for interdisciplinarity and "out of the box" thinking that contributes to a greater awareness of non-traditional approaches. From the perspective of design education, the futurescapes, through experimentation in literature research and educational practice, it is evident that in the educational practice of fostering the next generation of architects and designers, they need to be capable of more than assessing issues from the perspective of design and community, not only to face current challenges but also to design the future they desire for themselves and the communities in which people live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choice architecture describes the environment in which choices are presented to decision-makers. In recent years, public and private actors have looked at choice architecture with great interest as they seek to influence human behaviour. These actors are typically called choice architects. Increasingly, however, this role of architecting choice is not performed by a human choice architect, but an algorithm or artificial intelligence, powered by a stream of Big Data and infused with an objective it has been programmed to maximise. We call this entity the autonomous choice architect. In this paper, we present an account of why artificial intelligence can fulfil the role of a choice architect and why this creates problems of transparency, responsibility and accountability for nudges. We argue that choice architects, be them autonomous computational systems or human-beings, at a most basic level select, from a range of designs, the design which is most likely to maximise a pre-determined objective. We then proceed to argue that, given the growing demand for targeted, personalised choice architecture and for faster, dynamic reconfigurations of choice architecture, as well as the ever-expanding pool of data from which feedback can be drawn, the role of the human choice architect is increasingly obscured behind algorithmic, artificially intelligent systems. We provide a discussion of the implications of autonomous choice architects, focusing on the importance of the humans who programme these systems, ultimately arguing that despite technological advances, the responsibility of choice architecture and influence remains firmly one human beings must bear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss the radical shift which emerges in the 1990s and enhances architecture in the 2000s by turning it into a less sculptural more intellectual field of design. Hence, architects rather focus on ground than figure in design projects. This leads them to interrogate the conventional relationships between figure and ground enabling figure to dominate the ground in architecture for decades. They discover the mutual relationships between figure and ground, and design grounded structures instead of ungrounded sculptures. These artificial structures seem like the extensions of the natural landscape, as such the conceptual and categorical distinction between artificial and natural blurs in architecture. Another conceptual blurring emerges between the concepts of landscape, ground, and field. These are generally used as interchangeable concepts, but landscape encompasses ground and field, making it a more comprehensive concept for architects. It is revealed in the paper that landscape is a reemerging concept which refers to the conceptual shift from form and function to flow and force in architecture. Landscape, therefore, awaits to be explored as a field of flows and forces by even more architects in this century in which cities are characterized by sculptural forms and objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1960s and 1970s, interdisciplinary collaborations among architects, designers, and artists represented an important aspect of Croatian architecture. This paper examines the institutional frameworks and conditions that facilitated such integrative practices. It recognizes the key participants and underscores a change in the underlying motives and other contributing factors for their collaborations across the decades. The paper also classifies the predominant building types resulting from such collaborations and prevalent social and political ambitions. Specific examples, such as institutional buildings, tourist facilities, and commercial buildings, illustrate the outcomes of these interdisciplinary endeavours. The analysis offers insights into the underlying factors and significance of these collaborations in shaping Croatian architectural practices during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Paris Opera designed by Garnier, focusing specifically on those parts of the building that form the backdrop described by Leroux in "The Phantom of the Opera". These elements have also served as inspiration for various subsequent film adaptations. The study delves into Garnier's theories on theater/opera architecture and Leroux's literary creation, contrasting them with film adaptations of Leroux's work. These adaptations demonstrate the close relationship between literature, cinema, and architecture, generally adhering to the principles of the French architect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Villa Karma's authorship is as a rule ascribed to Adolf Loos. According to most accounts, the villa was formed by taking an existing structure and extending it upwards and sideways, in the period between 1903 and 1906. However, as a matter of fact, at that time the construction of the new parts and the transformation of the existing building had only just begun. The period in which the Zagreb architect Hugo Ehrlich was involved in the design and building of Karma stretched from 1908 to 1912; it was then that the villa took on its final external appearance. At the same time the grounds were landscaped, and the interior spaces were defined according to Ehrlich's designs. The hall and the library are an exception, for Ehrlich produced them in line with Loos's approach and in part with materials already sourced. An examination of the documentation kept in three countries has shown that the claim that Ehrlich was just the contractor for the building of designs previously defined by Loos is untenable. The original style can be correlated with a series of formal motifs in the works of Hugo Ehrlich or Viktor Kovačić at the time they were working together, which was contemporaneous with the period in which Karma was undergoing its finalisation. The most telling confirmation of Ehrlich's work consists of several hundred drawings from Ehrlich's personal papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a conference paper about "Next Generation" libraries. It cites changes that impacted library design such as developments in active collaborative and discursive learning and the transformation brought about by information technology. It discusses the Workshop Process utilized by the Iahznummo architects in building consensus for innovation in library design that involves all stakeholders, citing processes involved in libraries in Australia.

Top-Down models are defined by hardware architects to provide information on the utilization of different hardware components. The target is to isolate the users from the complexity of the hardware architecture while giving them insight into how efficiently the code uses the resources. In this paper, we explore the applicability of four Top-Down models defined for different hardware architectures powering state-of-the-art HPC clusters (Intel Skylake, Fujitsu A64FX, IBM Power9, and Huawei Kunpeng 920) and propose a model for AMD Zen 2. We study a parallel CFD code used for scientific production to compare these five Top-Down models. We evaluate the level of insight achieved, the clarity of the information, the ease of use, and the conclusions each allows us to reach. Our study indicates that the Top-Down model makes it very difficult for a performance analyst to spot inefficiencies in complex scientific codes without delving deep into micro-architecture details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the architectural design and cultural significance of Villa Namazee, a modernist building designed by Italian architect Gio Ponti in Tehran. The study explores how the building, once a symbol of modernity and progress, has been neglected, delisted from the national heritage, and fallen into disrepair. Focusing primarily on the case of Villa Namazee in Tehran, Iran, as an example of Ponti's projects in the Middle Eastern context, the second part of this paper aims to reconsider and re-narrate Gio Ponti's project in Tehran. In this context, the article sheds light on the nationally and internationally prominent concepts, ideas, collaborations, and design elements of Gio Ponti's project in Tehran. The paper argues for reevaluating our understanding of heritage and recognizing the importance of preserving modern architectural masterpieces such as Villa Namazee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of Architect/Engineer (A/E) is one of the critical decisions made by owners early in a project. Given that architects and engineers are not commodities; therefore, the assessment of A/E firms should be based on their qualifications. This paper attempts to quantitatively assess and understand the effects of A/E capabilities on project performance. To achieve this, a model was developed to identify the correlations between A/E consultant qualification, project characteristics, and project outcomes. Afterwards, it was validated using a prediction model developed using artificial neural networks implemented on a case study of 18 projects. This model connects the gap between the consultant procurement decision and its impact on the management performance and outcomes of a project. Furthermore, this paper offers an understanding of current procurement practices, as well as presenting the common evaluation criteria and their respective weights as adopted by several public owners in Alberta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinko Kovačić is a prominent Croatian architect and university professor. His design approach is characterised by exceptional empathy that results in architectural works of intense connection with the environment as well as with that of their future users. Although many of Kovačić's works have been published in the daily press and professional publications, the complete oeuvre of this architect has so far not been the subject of scientific research. The aim of this scientific work is to look at his specific design approach based on the analysis of representative examples. Research methods in this paper include the analysis of primary and secondary sources and on-site observation. The article gives a systematic presentation of Dinko Kovačić's work as related to his specific approach, which integrates the modernism of the second half of the 20th century and the Mediterranean tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chair design is one of the most demanding and most challenging tasks for designers, to which creative efforts of numerous architects have been continuously linked. Since the beginning of the twentieth century the intensity of these efforts has not diminished. By creating an ideal microcosm around an essential everyday object, architects also express their understanding of space and time. A chair, like architecture, occupies a position in space that it also defines. The paper analyses three groups of chairs characteristic of the 20th century, different in terms of typology and morphology. Their architectonics are marked by a specific functional, formal and constructive idea, by concrete production possibilities and by technological procedures in the working of individual materials. Notably, reclining chairs, cantilever chairs with steel tube constructions and office chairs. The model of analysis put forward could also serve as a point of departure for future more extensive research into the same, or different, typological and morphological design. Three Croatian chair models are placed in the context of the pertaining design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard Neutra's architecture is known full well due to several publications. They sometimes contain elegant perspectives of presentation made by the architect in its day to illustrate his projects. However, his travel sketches have been hardly studied and, to the best of our knowledge, they have not yet been analyzed in a specialized paper. The present study has the aim to set some of these sketches, currently housed in the Library Digital Collections of the University of California in Los Angeles, in context and make them public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernando Cavestany (1922-1974) was an architect whose short but intense professional career always went hand in hand with a passion for drawing. Even as a student, and later as a practicing architect, he worked as an illustrator for the magazine Revista Nacional de Arquitectura, as did Joaquín Vaquero Turcios, José Luis Picardo, Ramón Vázquez Molezún, and more. This article aims to be a first probe into the graphic work of Fernando Cavestany. To this end, RNA has been used as guiding thread, given that it was the medium he most assiduously published his drawings in. In addition to showing the Madrid architect's drawing skills, this paper seeks to uphold the work of draftspersons, drawing attention to how their drawings, always one of a kind, added expressive quality to architecture journals. In Fernando Cavestany's case, the range of techniques and themes was broad, but there is a prevalence of the spur-of-the-moment travel sketch, which he relished doing all his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary China, ‘experimental architecture’ depicts the rise of independent architectural explorations offered by a group of young Chinese architects in the mid-1990s. These young Chinese architects claimed to have established an autonomous architecture, distant from commercial interventions. This research examines the credibility of architectural autonomy stated by these architects in light of the field theory put forward by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Through this interdisciplinary perspective, the paper focuses on the often overlooked interpersonal networks of critics, architects, and publishers. Through analysing their roles in promoting these experimental architects on the basis of professional publications, this research argues that the notion of architectural autonomy is constituted by a symbiotic collaboration among these actors through a discursive approach and architectural autonomy, despite indicating an architectural resistance against commercial forces, serves a commodity sold in the cultural market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the consideration of the problems generated by the disorderly growth of the Andalusian cities in the 1960's, this paper proposes to analyze how a change of orientation occurred during the Transition in the search for the solution of these problems in the urban field, hand in hand with the neighborhood movement and various professional groups, specially that of architects. In particular, the article considers this collaboration essential to understand the change from a remedial urban planning to a more proactive one, with a morfologist root, materialized in the generation of Local Urban Plans approved by the first democratic City Councils throughout the 1980's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social theories and humanitarian movements, despite their good intentions, have had limited effectiveness. This paper introduces Socio-Systemic science as a conceptual and implementation framework designed for effective high impact systemic action. The science of Socio-Systemic impact is led by the Social Architect who understands how to consciously catalyse key drivers of systemic change. The rise of a systems-based worldview forms the basis of a new way of understanding modern problems, inferring the kind of thinking and leadership required today. The Social Architect is a new entity in this development, working to apply grounded sociological science and understandings of natural systems to improving the human condition. Where traditional activism falls short through structural illiteracy and continually stumbles in engaging mere symptoms of world issues, the Social Architects act as the compassionate analysts addressing the systemic causes of world issues. We can no longer turn a blind eye to structural violence and systemic failure. Inside the dark heart of structural violence are the keys of societal re-architecting that are in fact our only hope out of it. The first part of this paper outlines the science of Socio-Systemic impact. The second part explains how to put the science into practice; reviews current implementation methods being deployed by leading Social Architects; outlines the key skills and roles of the Social Architect working individually as well as strategies for integral systemic action, and, lastly, suggests further action strategies and prospects for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to elucidate reflections of technological transition today through the ‘unity’ of living and manufactured components of building design. Technological advances enable living organisms from algae to humans, and many more, to become useful tools to create interior and structural elements for buildings. Thus, designing with living organisms has become a growing phenomenon in architecture by transforming building components into ‘biobuilding’ components. In this paper, this phenomenon is critiqued through the bonds between the concepts of nature, technology, and building design, from contemporary studies to the highlights back in history. Overall, the paper gives architects insights on the envisioned future that presents a harmony between natural and building environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is centred on the Survey of Portuguese Popular Architecture, organized between 1955 and 1961 by the Portuguese Union of Architects. Based on testimonies and interviews with some architects who conducted the Survey, the paper aims at recovering the memory of the fieldwork on which the Survey was based. The paper is mostly based on the transcription of the interviews. These not only vividly recover the routines, adventures and incidents of the fieldwork, but also provide a very realistic portrait of rural Portugal in the 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the graduation thesis Architect Ignjat Fischer's Hotel Lišanj, Novi Vinodolski, in the south of Primorsko-Goranska County near Crikvenica, built in 1923. The hotel was designed by a well-known architect from Zagreb, Ignjat Fisher, who developed the project before the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1917. The paper analyzes the history of Hotel Lišanj, which intertwines with the development of tourism in Novi Vinodolski. The analysis is focused on the historic building of the hotel. A review of the phases of reconstruction of the hotel from the 1923 until today, and a functional analysis of today's buildingin comparison to Hotel Esplanade in Crikvenica with a similar history is given. The method of hotel reconstruction was "addition" of new volumes in contemporary style, which design should have adapted to the context. Poor consistency and quality of new hotel facilities is probably the reason why hotel chains intuitively advertise themselves primarily with historic buildings. Although the imperial architecture aimed at uniformity of architectural expression, as the time passes, these buildings give an added value to an even more uniform contemporaneity, bearing witness to the multiple layers of the region's history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the use of drawing by the two architects in some of their most significant publications, either separately or together, starting with the 1972 book España Dibujada (Spain Portrayed). I have reviewed in detail their close to thirty books, selecting some of the most representative drawings. The most outstanding conclusion is that one of the most basic characteristics of their graphic expression is linear drawings, sometimes very synthetically constructed, and sometimes with added watercolour, but always with a great architectural accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architects have increasingly turned to Machine learning techniques to streamline various aspects of the architectural design process. Although ML excels at discovering intricate patterns, predicting architectural design parameters through ML remains relatively unexplored. The complexity of the design process entails aspects that affect the form generation process. This paper investigated the feasibility of a framework that employed ML algorithms to predict numeric values for creating 3D models. A single villa was designed parametrically to generate hundreds of samples ensuring a human-centered design process. Four datasets were created from the samples for predicting form and windows parameters. Various regression and classification algorithms were applied, with ensemble learning methods demonstrating impressive performance across all datasets. Regression tasks achieved high R2 of up to 0.97, 0.79, and 0.99 while the best classification algorithm achieved 98 % accuracy. These findings underscored the potential efficacy of the framework in predicting architectural parameters, contingent upon well-designed datasets. [Display omitted] • Machine learning approaches can serve as human-centered in architectural design. • Creating a numeric data set of architectural parameters requires being thoughtfully designed with correlated variables. • Machine learning models can find the patterns and predict the building's parameters with well-developed data sets. • Ensemble learning models can give high accuracy and R2 scores in problems related to predicting architectural parameters. • Utilizing machine learning in the form generation phase can automate the design process giving precise parameters values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of a project, architects convey design ideas via quick 2D diagrams, front views, floor plans, and sketches. Consequently, many stakeholders have difficulty visualizing the 3D representation of the building mass, leading to varied interpretations thus inhibiting a shared understanding of the design. To alleviate the challenge, this paper proposes a deep learning-based method, Vitruvio, for creating a 3D model from a single perspective sketch. This method allows designers to automatically generate 3D representations in real-time based on their initial sketches and thus communicate effectively and intuitively to the client. Vitruvio adapts the Occupancy Network to perform single view reconstruction (SVR), a technique for creating 3D representations from a single image. Vitruvio achieves: (1) an 18% increase in the reconstruction accuracy and (2) a 26% reduction in the inference time compared to the Occupancy Network on one thousand buildings provided by the New York municipality. This research investigates the effect that the building orientation has on the reconstruction quality, discovering that Vitruvio can capture fine-grain details in complex buildings when their native orientation is preserved during training, as opposed to the SVR's standard practice that aligns every building to its canonical pose. The code is available here https://github.com/CDInstitute/Vitruvio. • We introduced a learning-based method for single perspective sketch-to-3D applications in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. • We adapted a previous state-of-the-art Conditional Variational Autoencoder (Occupancy Network) to scalable datasets. • We showed qualitatively and quantitatively how the building orientation affects the reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the architecture of Bartol Felbinger in the context of the relevant and positively evaluated conceptual levels of design. The architect's work is thus perceived in the context of building up the City of Zagreb and the initiation of Croatian Modern architecture. Furthermore, the paper looks into Classicism and Biedermeir inherently linked with Felbinger's work. They are viewed here in the context of the architectural culture of continental Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of architects in improving in-building wireless coverage, a hitherto unexplored and interdisciplinary domain. While architects are still fully focused on built spaces, in this modern era, the attention of the occupants is gradually being influenced by the virtual surrounds, created by wirelessly connected electronic devices, compared to the quality of actual built spaces, they have around them. The rapid growth of internet usage and related technology is bringing a new demand for building occupation—improved wireless connectivity. This paper presents an in-depth analytical discussion of the challenges of in-building wireless signal coverage. It further elaborates on the additional complexities for support at high frequencies. However, studies show that the nature of the space and its bounding surfaces have a direct influence on signal propagation, and thereby, reception. Therefore, this paper proposes architectural interventions to improve in-building wireless coverage and highlights its necessity. In this process, it proposes a collaboration between radio frequency (RF) engineers and architects, during the design phase of buildings. Considering the scope of architectural design, some guidelines are proposed for the architectural interventions, and the possible outcomes of the interventions are discussed. The improvement in user data rate experience, from one of the proposed architectural solutions, has also been investigated using MATLAB-based simulation, along with necessary derivations. The paper, thus, aims to pave the way for farsighted contributions to in-building wireless coverage, from architects, so that buildings can better cope with the demands of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For some time now, scholars have advanced an interest in the unruly and emerging aspects of organizational space while arguing for theoretical integration, wayfinding, and synthesis to overcome conceptual fragmentation of the field. Taking inspiration from recent work focusing on the tensions that emerge from the interplay of architectural design and organizational action, our paper investigates organizational space by drawing on Mary Douglas' work on purity and danger to unravel relations of dis/order in a newly built psychiatric hospital designed with a 'healing architecture'. Using ethnographic data, we analyze the everyday ordering work of nursing staff within two inpatient wards and describe how it unfolds as a response to the patients' use of the hospital design, which amplifies experiences of disorder for the nursing staff. We argue that the tensions between the ordering efforts of architects, nursing staff, and patients to make ward spaces conform to particular ideas also are an important reminder of the key insight in classic organization theory that organization involves perpetual negotations over purpose and concerted action. Unravelling such tensions through Douglas' approach, we contribute with greater insight across theoretical preferences and conceptual differences into how but also why organizational spaces are continuously cast as 'sites of contention'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architect Javier Peña Peña (Madrid, 1913-Almería, 1976) compiled, between 1964 and 1976, a collection of 525 drawings of capitals that he requested from other colleagues, many of them renowned masters of Spanish architecture such as Alejandro de la Sota, Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza, Miguel Fisac, Fernando Higueras or Julio Cano Lasso, among others. The design of a capital reveals a critical, theoretical and intellectual positioning; it reflects the interest towards a certain technical and structural proposal; and it is claimed as a synthesis of intentions about what the contemporary architectural project is for us. This paper, which uses a taxonomy, will establish familiarities of the different capital designs, and will look for possible chronological relationships between each drawing and the professional and academic biographies of each of the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture is a professional discipline that integrates art and science to build attractive, practical and safe structures for human activities. In architecture, design is a core subject where students are taught the main skills to produce drawings and models of building design. Furthermore, architectural design involves a cognitive process that generates higher level of creativity in producing noble design solution. Such process is also fundamental to students who are learning architecture in the higher education. It helps student to develop their level of creativity and competency in design. This intellectual capability is an important aspect for architectural students to practice as professional architect when they graduated. Malaysia has many talented and internationally well-known professional architects. Their works represent high level of creativity that can be beneficial sources of practical knowledge to the students. Unfortunately, these respectable architects’ creative cognitive processes are not properly documented for references to others within the architectural community. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring and identifying the cognitive process characteristics of a local prominent, visionary architect, Dato’ Dr Ken Yeang who is well known for his creative, masterpiece architectural works. A semi-structured interview was conducted to gather insights on his cognitive process while designing to produce creative solution for complex architectural problems. The study found that this professional architect has a distinct formulation of knowledge, skills, attributes and principles that he utilises while designing and looking for creative solutions. This dynamic, integrated process involves imagination (intrinsic) and modelling(extrinsic) capabilities that produce renowned local architectural buildings. Such significant cognitive attributes will be useful guides to improve creativity in design among the young architectural students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on South Africa's post-apartheid foreign policy decision-making has stagnated. For more than a quarter century analysts have generally drawn on secondary material from other scholars, newspaper reporting, and the speeches of government officials to elucidate how South Africa crafts and carries out its foreign policy. The accessibility of previously classified archival documents and the availability of policy makers for research interviews holds the potential to advance scholarship on South African foreign policy along two fronts. First, these primary sources offer insight into foreign policy decision-making processes. And second, they encourage a critical re-evaluation of many of the traditional understandings and tropes that have dominated the study of South African foreign policy. This paper outlines the state of foreign policy studies in South Africa and then demonstrates the power of primary research to alter key ideas about the conduct and content of South African foreign policy through three case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the way of proceeding graphically, through architectural drawing, during the rationalist period in the Canary Islands. For this purpose, we have used a paradigmatic figure among the architects who developed their professional activity in the islands, his name is Miguel Martín Fernández de la Torre, who estudied architecture at the Madrid School of Architecture. The architectural proposals made in his professional development have been carried out in the different islands of the archipelago, we are going to concentrate on some works of his large graphic production, these exemplify his production; some of these works are registered in the Iberian DOCOMOMO. The drawing of rationalism in the Canary Islands, seen through the drawings of this architect, is framed within the coordinates of Spanish rationalism, which confirms that the communication networks between professionals functioned in a fairly fluid manner; likewise, the contribution of international information is also confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any design challenge could be solved by identifying systemic complexity in the issue before following any problem-solving process. Designers approach problems in different forms but historically worked effectively to build a template or phase sequence. The design process can be used by designers virtually in any project which plays a crucial role in designing innovative architectural projects for many architects. Many studies were conducted to analyze, review, compare and recommend several creative approaches to problem management that allow designers to recognize their work and propose new solutions. However, there are not many studies on the stages to follow to undergo a comprehensive design process in architecture. This study aims to review the various stages involved in the design process. Firstly, it addresses the conceptualization phase of design critically examining the creativity and ideation process with creative and strategic thinking. Secondly, it discusses the representation of the design process expressing through storyboards and animatic, computer-aided design and building information modeling, and virtual reality and augmented environments. Thirdly, it discusses design assessment stage where the techniques for assessment of creativity in design and simulation for analyzing users' perspective is explained. In the conclusions of the paper, a discussion has been made on an inter-relationship between the various stages in the design process and its relevance for a comprehensive understanding of the architectural integrative design process to address any design challenge both as a studio project for architecture students or in live projects by the practicing architects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design process requires coordination between professions that have different ways of seeing. Using ethnographic data from a building project, this paper explores how architects and engineers mobilize visual objects to coordinate their professional visions around a design issue. The findings articulate the visual practices whereby design professionals move from a fragmented towards a shared professional vision. In this move, they cease looking at the design issue from within their disciplinary perspective, and begin taking inspiration from each other's. They further adjust the emergent shared professional vision, by iteratively narrowing and broadening its focus. The paper contributes to the practice perspective in design studies, explaining how different ways of seeing are coordinated through practical engagement with visual objects. • Design professionals from different disciplines have different ways of seeing. • Shared professional vision is built through engagement with visual objects. • The move to shared professional vision is performed in the non-digital space. • The adjustment of shared professional vision is performed in the digital space. • Shared professional vision can be iteratively narrowed and broadened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of implementing circular economy within the built environment, quantifying progress and performance towards this effort has posed a substantial challenge. In response, this paper reviews the current state of building-specific circularity indicators, creates a taxonomy, and integrates them within the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work, a commonly employed framework within the UK's built environment. Through a systematic literature review considering both academic and grey literature, 32 building circularity indicators, developed by academia, consulting agencies, and governments, are identified. The first contribution of this study is the creation of a taxonomy of building circularity indicators, which classifies the identified indicators into 8 categories, such as basic characteristics of indicators, circularity level, and sustainability pillars. The second contribution of this study is the alignment of circularity within the stages of Plan of Work framework. It is revealed that the framework does not currently incorporate circularity, resulting in the proposal of a new Stage 8: End of Life to encompass demolition, disassembly, and deconstruction activities. Alignment of the taxonomy to Plan of Work framework provides a guide in utilization of building circularity indicators throughout the process of designing, constructing and operating building projects. • Building-specific circularity indicators are reviewed for the built environment. • A taxonomy of 32 building circularity indicators is created across eight categories. • A new Stage 8: End of Life is proposed for RIBA framework to enhance circularity. • The circularity indicators are integrated with the RIBA Plan of Work framework. • A traffic light approach is employed to guide the use of circularity indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented below is part of the results of a research project developed at Polytechnic University of Madrid. The Architecture Competitions reveal the aspirations of the participants to present the most attractive proposal that will gain the attention of the jury, in addition to responding to the problems and motivations that originate the call. The graphic communication becomes the link between the viewer and the foreshadowing of something that could become a constructed project. By analysing the graphic instruments used in several calls for architectural competitions supervised by the COAM, the aim of this paper is to show the role of visual communication in reading and evaluating a proposal. The tool of the diagram allows to visualize and find the graphic variables most used by the competitors, as well as to specify which of them are drawn on the awarded projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching of colour in the basic course of the Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm is an evidence of the revolutionary renewal of the teachings of the German school in the second half of the 20th century. The basic training of the future designers and architects of the new industrial society undergoes an innovative change of direction in which colour overcomes its exclusive condition as a plastic element. The paper develops the pedagogical itinerary from the colour applied as a hue to the colour used as a code. The review and comparison of teaching experiences reveals the influence of the courses given by the former members of the Bauhaus on the transformative work carried out by Tomás Maldonado. The initial teaching fluctuates between an analytical and an experimental perspective to culminate in problem solving in which color is one more parameter of a programmed process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What Mario Carpo defines as “the second digital turn” (Carpo 2017) represents for architecture an irreversible process meant to modify many consolidated rules in the professional practice. Without upgrading his methods and points of view, education in architecture turns out to be inappropriate for future scenarios, both in terms of content and methods. In this regard, in 2018 the School of Architecture and Design “Eduardo Vittoria” (SAAD) of the University of Camerino launched an experimental educational programme focused on: a) “digital fabrication” as a building strategy; b) the SAADLab# Prototype (the SAAD fab-lab) as fulcrum of an innovative workshop in the field of building construction. The paper presents the result of the 2018/19 workshop concerning a temporary settlement for students made with customised building systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to offer insights into the new conditions the designer is called upon to face in the wake of the technical, cultural and cognitive transformations the spread of ICT is triggering in the construction industry. Digitization, in particular, might place architects in a position of intermediation between new forms of intelligence and new professional skills, defining a design ecosystem in which the effectiveness of decision-making increasingly depends on the way information is managed. In such a scenario, the designer is asked to perform tasks of coordination and "meaning control" of complex and automated processes, which require a deep understanding of the digital phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a contribution to the knowledge about the 1980s postmodern architecture in the city of Split. It is focused on the Brodomerkur Office Building as an outstanding example of postmodern office space at the urban heart of Split. The study analyses the building's urban and architectural features, which are evaluated in both the local and global context. Brodomerkur's unique design makes it an architectural gem worthy of landmark status and preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the paper is to show the educational novelty of a new subject of the architect's formation curriculum at the "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas Central University (UCLV), aimed at updating and promoting a critical vision among the students about contemporary urbanization processes and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Taking into account the reality and trends of world urbanization processes, the hypothesis is formulated that an education in sustainability needs to develop a social awareness focused on the SDGs 2030. The Sustainable Urbanization and 2030 Agenda subject is explained, as well as the results of its application and the lessons learned of this novel experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the history and accomplishments of Jesuit architecture in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the late sixteenth to the late eighteenth century. The author sees Jesuit architecture as a distinct and homogeneous element within Polish architecture. The paper starts with a brief presentation of the existing research in the subject. It moves on to enumerate the activities of the Society in the field of construction, divided into three major booms: the first roughly between 1575 and 1650, the second between 1670 and 1700, and the third from 1740 to 1770, divided by periods of relative decline caused by a succession of devastating wars. The paper identifies the most important architects involved in the construction of Jesuit churches, as well as their most notable works. The paper ends with a brief note concerning the fate of the Jesuit churches after the suppression of the Society and the partitions of Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes some methods of water regulation and the impact that dykes have on the landscape. In the paper, the process of planning the Gabčikovo Waterworks is outlined together with the various solutions for the regulation of the river Danube, and the pros and cons of these variants. The paper aims to report the process of planning from the perspective of the authors, engineers, architects and landscape designers. For this article, archives were searched for published papers and journals to find the older versions of the regulation proposed for the river Danube. Later, the authors were interviewed about their part in the planning process. The paper seeks to answer the question: To what degree was the impact on the landscape was taken into account? Where the landscape was dealt with only from the biological and geological point of view, there was no demand for the image or design of the landscape. The result of this process is a drastic change, and it is upon our generation of architects, urban and landscape designers to learn from the past processes of construction and to improve any future changes in a more collaborative and socially oriented way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of a transportable architecture has been present throughout history. Different architects have experimented with this concept, managing to materialize it in typologies such as the pavilion at international exhibitions. Along the same lines, the museum, as a typology that seeks to get closer to the masses, has found a useful variant in the portable building. If temporary exhibitions acquire their value in their constant contact with the public, the idea of bringing the exhibition together with the architecture becomes relevant. Thus, this paper analyses the paradigmatic experience of the Guggenheim Foundation, a leading museum institution in the competition for a temporary museum in Tokyo. Through the analysis of the proposals of Ban, Nouvel, and Hadid, it will be observed how architects use the full force of their representational styles whilst facing a typological innovation, aiming to appeal and to communicate the original architectural content that will be the main object of the exhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various interactive optimization techniques have been proposed to simultaneously consider quantitative and qualitative goals in conceptual architectural design. However, more research is required to understand the effects of these techniques on design processes and outcomes at the building scale, when substantial building performance simulations are considered. This paper presents a design study involving 34 participants who engaged with live feedback from surrogate models of structural and energy performance, while producing conceptual building geometries in several digital design environments. This study reveals that performance-enabled environments tend to improve simulated design objectives, while designers often prefer more flexibility than traditional automated optimization approaches when given the choice. Together, these preliminary findings encourage further development of interactive approaches to multi-objective early building design. • Surrogate model based live feedback often improved simulated design performance. • Participants tended to prefer design environments with feedback but flexibility. • Interactive feedback and optimization did not noticeably reduce design diversity. • Interactive optimization techniques are still new to many architects and engineers. • Interface improvements for future design tools can help increase their accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Itō Toyō (born in 1941) is in the vanguard of a professional lineage that includes numerous eminent architects from the Heisei era. This paper focuses on that era to draw attention to the continuities observed in the way several generations of architects represent their work, and therefore how they design them. By contemplating their drawings and models, we can identify how they apprehend the definition of the borders of space in ways that are unique to their time. Transmission through the graphic medium provides a singular reading of the legacies at play and at times reveals unexpected elements of permanency in the formal topologies of works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the imagination of prominent architects and architectural theorists, the detail figures as both a promising and perilous element of built form. This paper explores the tension of the "make or break" qualities of the architectural detail(s) in the learning and doing of design, through an ethnomethodologically-informed ethnography of North American design-build architecture education. The discussion parses three episodes which highlight the generative qualities of the detail, in terms of its pedagogical value for architecture, and as a heuristic for the study of design practice. As both the material process of joining disparate elements, and a locus for complex social and professional relations and meaning-making activities, the assembly of the detail is inherently messy, though productively so. • Architecture emerges from complex social, communicative and material practices. • Collaboration in design-build architecture education relies on productive failures. • Professional lessons of design-build are most evident at the scale of the detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]