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This paper aims to understand the schooling / (dis) qualification of workers in the countryside and the city, with the arrival of agro-industrial complex in the western region of Santa Catarina, from the formal education of youth and adult, dedicated to training simple and part of the workers. The region has a dependent relationship with large agricultural industries, like Brazil Foods (BRF), Aurora and diplomat Industrial e Comercial Ltda. Using this approach, workers of the countryside and the city, experience a dialectical relationship of (dis) qualifications, opposite the agroindustrial capital. The reported text using the method of dialectical materialism, in which capital and labor are not separate but united dialectically in capitalist production. The study area comprises the town of Xaxim in the west of Santa Catarina, characterized by the presence of an agribusiness of birds, as well as significant trade and services sector, aimed to serve mostly the needs of the agroindustrial capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that the discourse of palm oil production for biodiesel constitutes a frontier ideology. Around it, the representation of space endowed with comparative advantages is reedited. To do so, it is based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, and in company reports, as well as interviews with company representatives. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, in the first part examines the palm oil production, consumption and global trade, indicating that it is destined to the food, cosmetics and hygiene industry. The second shows the new frontier ideology promoted by palm oil at the beginning of the 21st century, highlighting the analytical pertinence of this category to interpret territorial dynamics of the Amazonia agrarian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, agro-industrial residues are focusing attention worldwide as a new source of pozzolans; in Brazil one of the wastes generated from agro-industrial activities comes from elephant grass that is cultivated as biomass for energy cogeneration. The goal of this paper is to analyze the influence of elephant grass, once activated at 700 °C for 1 h in electric furnace, on the evolution of the hydration reaction as well as physical and mechanical properties in blended cement elaborated with 20% of elephant grass ash. For the present study, different instrumental techniques of characterization and methodologies (XRF, XRD, TG/DTG, mercury porosimetry, isothermal calorimetry and mechanical strength) were used. The results obtained in the present work show, that due to its high pozzolanic activity, the elephant grass ash activated at 700 °C can be used as an alternative pozzolan in the blended cement manufacture. Additions of 20% of ash confirm the formation of CSH gels and hexagonal C 4 AH 13 as main products from hydration as well as pozzolanic reaction. The 20% ash blended cement showed lower heat evolution than OPC and similar to the 20% silica fume blended cement, a 12% of reduction of compressive strength and an important reduction of pore sizes below 50 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's most influential development agency, the World Bank Group (WBG), is the leading actor in development finance and plays a central role in global efforts to protect the environment. Following the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, the institution was responsible for all investment projects of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which was then newly established to serve as the interim financial mechanism for the United Nations Conventions on Climate Change and Biodiversity. The promise that the GEF would lead to the “greening” of development finance remains largely unfulfilled. More recently the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change appointed the WBG as the interim trustee of the new Green Climate Fund which plans to mobilize an estimated US$ 100 billion per year by 2020. While the World Bank Group plays this critical role in global environmental efforts, its main business continues to be lending for development. This includes the financing of large-scale infrastructure projects, agribusiness, large dams as well as investments in gas, oil and mining. This regular lending portfolio for development is often at odds with environmental sustainability. For example, despite the growing area of climate finance, support for fossil fuel projects continues to be dominant in the institution's lending for the energy sector. Another climate-related area is the World Bank's pioneering role in advancing REDD+, an initiative designed to reduce the emission of global green house gases by integrating efforts to protect forest areas into global carbon markets. Ultimately, its success will depend on addressing sensitive questions such as land ownership, forest governance and the equitable sharing of benefits. In conclusion the paper considers the underlying corporate culture and the difficulties in reconciling environmental and social sustainability with the institution's supply-side driven focus on meeting lending targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze what extent the location inluences the internationalization process of Brazilian companies. From ive models of internationalization, that key concept is cross compared to explain the empirical analysis of the cases. The research is characterized by its longitudinal approach and methodological procedures based on the adaptive theory. Data analysis was performed in two stages: descriptive and the method of constant comparison, both using ATLAS/ti software. Based on the concept properties, four signiicant events emerged, with distinct dominance over time: trends, and comparative locational advantages (transactional and comparative) and disadvantages. The results show that the comparative advantages were decisive for the start of the internationalization and boosted the trends in the region. Transactional beneits are present in later stages, acquired through the opening of subsidiaries abroad. Locational disadvantages were also perceived throughout the whole process due to unforeseen chance events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates and analyses the process of building a knowledge management (KM) model at Brazil's Embrapa (The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). Embrapa is a world class knowledge organization whose mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian agribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer. The qualitative research strategy used was the study of a single case with incorporated units of analysis and two criteria were observed for the judgment of the quality of the research project: validity of the construct and reliability. Multiple sources of evidence were used and data analysis consisted of three flows of activities: data reduction, data displays and conclusion drawing/verification. The results revealed a robust KM model made of four dynamic axes: (i) strategy (a strategic conception of information and knowledge use), (ii) environment - four different groups of enabling conditions (social-behavioral, information/communication, cognitive/epistemic and business/managerial), sine qua non conditions for successful implementation, (iii) tool box - sets of IT tools and managerial practices and (iv) results - in terms of outputs, being both tangible and intangible assets. The conclusions suggest that a collaborative building of a KM model in a diverse and geographically dispersed organization is more likely to succeed than one that is build and implemented from the top-down perspective. Embrapa's KM Model is more inclined to be a knowledge-based view of organization than merely a KM model. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the application of the Statistical Information System classifications in force in Brazil in the agro-industrial production chain, thus filling a gap in the literature of agricultural sciences. Due to its prominence in the sector, in terms of production / marketing / exports, it was selected the productive chain of the oil-juice-citrus Brazilian industry. The goal is to identify each classification position in the chain and downstream and upstream demands for each activity and product. Considering the statistical system, it was analyzed the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE) and the Mercosul Common Nomenclature (NCM). It was consulted the statistical information of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the United Nations (UN), besides the specific scientific literature. In general, these classifications of economic activities and products are not mutually exclusionary but can overlap each other with relative ease and minimal intervention. Despite the many existing segmentation, both the supply chain and the classifications from this work are set correctly. The productive chain of the oil-juice-citrus Brazilian industry involves these activities: cultivation, production, harvesting, processing of juices and related, industrial utilization of by-products and waste / scrap, packing houses, distribution, marketing and consumption. The products are: agricultural inputs, orange (fruit), juices, essential oils, aromatic waters, terpenes, terpenoids, limonene, fragrance and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gas emissions related to food production in selected countries around the world in 2000, 2007, and 2014 were analyzed in this paper. In recent decades, many studies have suggested that greenhouse gas emissions mostly caused by agricultural production should be reduced. However, a low-carbon agricultural sector often involves a reduction in inputs, which may result in smaller production volumes. Nevertheless, the overarching goal should be to maintain food production at a sufficient level to meet the population's food requirements. Food production is particularly important in the context of the forecasted growth of the world population. In this situation, greenhouse gas emissions per product unit should be regarded as a key indicator that reflects the environmental sustainability level of production processes. Defined as such, environmental sustainability was examined across the entire food production system—referred to as agribusiness. This study calculated the emissions of major greenhouse gases related to food production and compared them to the GDP of agribusiness. The average ratio of the agribusiness carbon footprint to GDP in countries examined was nearly 2 kg of CO 2 equivalent/USD in 2000. This value kept decreasing during the study period, reaching 1.21 in 2014. A decrease in the ratio was recorded despite an increase in agribusiness greenhouse gas emissions, which validated the research hypothesis that an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from agribusiness does not necessarily reflect a decline in the environmental performance of agribusiness production. This is especially true for China and Brazil, whose greenhouse gas emissions related to food production increased considerably in the years examined in this study along with a clear decline in emission levels per unit of agribusiness GDP. This study is innovative, because the literature does not provide any similar calculations for the food production subsystem, especially regarding emission levels per production unit. This approach required the authors to integrate the calculation methods used in agribusiness production with those applicable to agribusiness greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, this study relied on consistent methods developed by the authors to calculate these values. The research adds to existing literature by calculating the carbon footprint for the entire food production system, and it argues that better environmental performance of agribusiness production can be achieved despite higher greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a review related to the obtainment of cellulose from different structures in agro-industrial residues, both for application in the food industry and for the reinforcement of other materials. Cellulose nanofibers are produced by the heart of palm (Bactris gasipaes) industry in Brazil and are used as a stabilizer in avocado oil emulsions; conversely, cellulose nanocrystals are produced in waste from the tequila industry (Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul) in Jalisco, Mexico, and are used for reinforcement applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]