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This paper investigates the potentiality of pseudo-random number generation of a 3-neighborhood 3-state cellular automaton (CA) under periodic boundary condition. Theoretical and empirical tests are performed on the numbers, generated by the CA, to observe the quality of it as pseudo-random number generator (PRNG). We analyze the strength and weakness of the proposed PRNG and conclude that the selected CA is a good random number generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanofibers have been showing much greater potential to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of polymer-based composite materials. The purpose of this study is to extract the cellulose nanofibers from waste bio-resources; such as waste newspaper and paper sludge. The cellulosic raw materials were treated chemically and physically in order to extract individualized cellulose nanofiber. The combination of acid hydrolysis and following mechanical treatment resulted in the extraction of cellulose nanofibers having diameter of about 40 nm. In order to examine the reinforcing effect of the extracted cellulose nanofibers, fully biodegradable green nanocomposites were fabricated by composing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin with the extracted cellulose nanofibers, and then the tensile tests were conducted. The results showed that the enhancement in mechanical properties was successfully obtained in the cellulose nanofiber/PVA green nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the impact of moisture on mechanical properties of insulation paper. According to the molecular modeling approach proposed by Theodorou, the amorphous cellulose models of insulation paper with different moisture contents were built up to calculate mechanical parameters and hydrogen bond networks. And relevant conclusions could be drawn through further analysis on these calculation results: water molecules can destroy hydrogen bond network between the neighboring cellulose molecules, which might be responsible for the significant decrease of Young's modulus and other mechanical parameters, while no appreciable effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on mechanical properties was detected. Thus tensile tests were also carried out to study the moisture influence on the Young's modulus, by which the result of the simulation was approved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong matching preclusion number of a graph is the minimum number of vertices and edges whose deletion results in a graph that has neither perfect matchings nor almost-perfect matchings. This is an extension of the matching preclusion problem and has recently been introduced by Park and Ihm.15 In this paper, we examine properties of strong matching preclusion for alternating group graphs, by finding their strong matching preclusion numbers and categorizing all optimal solutions. More importantly, we prove a general result on taking a Cartesian product of a graph with K2 (an edge) to obtain the corresponding results for split-stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local connectivity of two vertices is defined as the maximum number of internally vertex-disjoint paths between them. In this paper, we define two vertices as maximally local-connected, if the maximum number of internally vertex-disjoint paths between them equals the minimum degree of these two vertices. Moreover, we show that an (n-1)-regular Cayley graph generated by transposition tree is maximally local-connected, even if there are at most (n-3) faulty vertices in it, and prove that it is also (n-1)-fault-tolerant one-to-many maximally local-connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the fault diameter of the n-dimensional hypercube (or n-cube for short), Qn, for n ≥ 3. Let F be a set of hybrid node-faults and/or link-faults in Qn such that every node of Qn is still connected to at least one fault-free node by a fault-free link. Then we compute the exact diameter of Qn - F for |F| ≤ 2n - 3. As an immediate consequence, our result improves upon those presented by S. Latifi (1993), in which only node-faults were addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radio frequency (RF) argon plasma induced surface modification of paper revealed novel surface characteristics and substantially changed surface topography. It was found that RF-argon glow discharge affects surface properties resulting in photo-degradation and chain-scission mechanism on paper network structure. High-power and extended treatment time caused increasing elemental carbon, while decreasing the oxygen concentration on paper surface. However, increased hydroxyls and the creation of new carbonyl functionalities were verified by trifluoroacetoanhydride and pentafluorophenylhydrazine in vapor-phase derivatization reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a coupled dynamic system. Based on the stability criterion of linear systems, a new approach for constructing chaotic synchronization and anti-synchronization is proposed. The complete synchronizations and anti-synchronizations of the coupled dynamic system are achieved via the linear separation method. Finally, the method is applied in security communication. Numerical simulations are provided for illustration and verification of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the Weierstrass type function in local fields whose graph is a chaotic repelling set of a discrete dynamical system, and proves that their exists a linear connection between the orders of its p-adic calculus and the dimensions of the corresponding graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study on multidimensional fractal behavior of pions emitted in 16O-AgBr interactions at 2.1 and 60 AGeV by dividing the full bin range into different sub-bin ranges. Analysis is performed in (Xη - Xϕ) space following two-dimensional factorial moment methodology using the concept of Hurst exponent, which takes into account the anisotropy of phase space. Different scaling behavior is observed in different bins at two different energies. The data show a positive evidence of change of fluctuation pattern from self-similarity to self-affinity with increase of energy. Multifractal dimensions have been calculated in each case and it is observed that pions at both energies exhibit multifractal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a brief review on reversible dielectric nonlinearity (RDN) was presented and the mechanism of tunability for ferroelectric ceramics was discussed in several different scale levels, such as atomic level (intrinsic nonlinearity described by ferroelectric thermodynamic theory), nano-meter scale (polar nano-region response), submicron scale (ferroelectric domain and domain wall motion), micron scale (polycrystalline structure of ceramics and surface layer) and macroscopic scale (field induced phase transition). It suggests that RDN is a multi-scale phenomenon and is temperature and frequency-sensitive. The halving field E0 in Roberts' Equation may be a good attempt for the quantitating of RDN. The stability of RDN in paraelectric phase is also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we answer a question posed by John Rhodes: "What are the aperiodic-idempotent-pointlike subsemigroups of S?" Answer: Precisely those aperiodic-pointlike subsemigroups that are idempotents, i.e. EPlA(S)={X|X≤E=E2∈PlA(S)}. In the proof we define, for a given variety V (closed under n-tuple expansion) and a given relation R:S-V∈V computing the V-pointlike subsets of S, an "improved" relation R(n):S-V(n) that computes the V-idempotent-pointlike subsemigroups of S. Consequently, for any W with decidable membership problem W ⓜ A is decidable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let ${\mathbb D}:=\{(x_1,x_2)\in {\mathbb R}^2:x_1^2+x_2^2 < 1\}$ be the 2-dimensional unit disk and $\gamma \in H^{1/2} (\partial {\mathbb D},{\mathbb R}^3) \cap L^\infty (\partial {\mathbb D})$. For suitably small H>0, we consider the Dirichlet problem for H-systems \[ \hskip3.4cm \left\{\begin{array}{rlll} \Delta u &=& 2H u_{x_1} \wedge u_{x_2} &\quad {\rm in}\ {\mathbb D}\\[5pt] u &=& \gamma &\quad {\rm on}\ \partial {\mathbb D}\,.\hskip3.45cm {\rm (H)} \end{array} \right. \] It is well-known that (H) admits at least two distinct solutions for non-constant γ and small H>0. In this paper, we introduce conditions on γ and develop methods of finding at least three distinct solutions to (H) under such conditions on γ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a few notions of inverse topological pressure $({\tilde P}^-, P^-, P_- )$, defined in terms of backward orbits (prehistories) instead of forward orbits. This inverse topological pressure has some properties similar to the regular (forward) pressure but, in general, if the map is not a homeomorphism, they do not coincide. In fact, there are several ways to define inverse topological pressure; for instance, we show that the Bowen type definition coincides with the one using spanning sets. Then we consider the case of a holomorphic map $f:{\mathbb P}^2 {\mathbb C}\to {\mathbb P}^2 {\mathbb C}$ which is Axiom A and such that its critical set does not intersect a particular basic set of saddle type Λ. We will prove that, under a technical condition, the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection between the local stable manifold and the basic set is equal to ts, i.e. $HD (W^s_\delta (x)\cap \Lambda)=t^s$, for all points x belonging to Λ. Here ts represents the unique zero of the function t→P-(tϕs), with P- denoting the inverse topological pressure and $\phi^s(y):=\log|Df|_{E_y^s}$, y∈Λ. In general, $HD (W^s_\delta (x)\cap\Lambda)$ will be estimated above by ts and below by $t^s_-$, where $t^s_-$ is the unique zero of the map t→P_(tϕs). As a corollary we obtain that, if the stable dimension is non-zero, then Λ must be a non-Jordan curve, and also, if f|Λ happens to be a homeomorphism (like in the examples from [13]), then the stable dimension cannot be zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an earlier paper, the author introduced a collection of rings that control a categorification of the quantum sl(2) invariant of tangles. We prove that centers of these rings are isomorphics to the cohomology rings of the (n, n) Springer varieties and show that the braid group action in the derived category of modules over these rings descends to the Springer action of the symmetric group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the homogenization limit of the Mullins–Sekerka problem which serves as a model for late-stage coarsening in a phase transformation. We consider the case that the screening length which describes the effective range of particle interactions is much smaller than the system size, which leads to homogenization problems in unbounded domains. The present paper deals with deterministic initial particle distributions which are in an average sense homogeneously distributed. Stochastic particle distributions will be considered in a second paper (Part II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new processing method to produce nanotube reinforced composites by using single-walled nanotube (SWNT) bucky paper as reinforcement. The SWNT bucky paper is an entangled mat of SWNTs, which is a highly porous mesh structure. To successfully produce SWNT bucky paper reinforced composites, it is essentially important to prepare a high-quality bucky paper. In this study, the quality of the bucky paper related to the dispersion of nanotubes within the bucky paper, which was quantitatively-characterized with rope size distribution and pore size distribution. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of various process parameters on the dispersion of nanotubes using design of experiments (DOEs) approach. Based on the experimental analysis, the dispersion process of nanotubes within the bucky paper was optimized by selecting appropriate process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]