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Objective: The goals of this study were to assess the associations of severe nonadherence to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), objectively assessed by HCQ serum levels, and risks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares, damage, and mortality rates over five years of follow‐up. Methods: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort is an international multicenter initiative (33 centers throughout 11 countries). The serum of patients prescribed HCQ for at least three months at enrollment were analyzed. Severe nonadherence was defined by a serum HCQ level <106 ng/mL or <53 ng/mL for HCQ doses of 400 or 200 mg/day, respectively. Associations with the risk of a flare (defined as a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 increase ≥4 points, initiation of prednisone or immunosuppressive drugs, or new renal involvement) were studied with logistic regression, and associations with damage (first SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI] increase ≥1 point) and mortality with separate Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Of the 1,849 cohort participants, 660 patients (88% women) were included. Median (interquartile range) serum HCQ was 388 ng/mL (244–566); 48 patients (7.3%) had severe HCQ nonadherence. No covariates were clearly associated with severe nonadherence, which was, however, independently associated with both flare (odds ratio 3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–6.42) and an increase in the SDI within each of the first three years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.92 at three years; 95% CI 1.05–3.50). Eleven patients died within five years, including 3 with severe nonadherence (crude HR 5.41; 95% CI 1.43–20.39). Conclusion: Severe nonadherence was independently associated with the risks of an SLE flare in the following year, early damage, and five‐year mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of diets with increased dietary fibre content (HF) from alternative feedstuffs is a solution to limit the impact of increased feed costs on pig production. This study aimed at determining the impact of an alternative HF diet on pig digestibility and at estimating genetic parameters of this trait. Digestibility coefficients (DC) of energy, organic matter and nitrogen were predicted from faecal samples analysed with near infrared spectrometry for 1,242 samples, and it represented 654 Large White pigs fed a conventional (CO) diet and 588 fed a HF diet. Growth and feed efficiency traits, carcass composition and meat quality traits were recorded. Pigs fed the HF diet had significantly lower DC than pigs fed the CO diet (−4.5 to 6.0 points). The DC were moderately to highly heritable (about 0.26 ± 0.12 and 0.54 ± 0.15 in the CO and the HF diet, respectively). Genetic correlations were favourable with feed conversion ratio, daily feed intake and residual feed intake, but unfavourable with average daily gain (ADG) and carcass yield (CY). To conclude, DC could be an interesting trait to include in future breeding objectives if pigs were fed diet with HF diets, but adverse genetic trends with ADG and CY would have to be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]