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Objective Background Method Result Conclusions Implications This study investigates the roles of women's empowerment through employment and decision‐making power on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender traditionalism in Muslim‐majority nations.Women empowerment and gender ideology perspectives argue that women's resources or egalitarian ideology decrease the IPV that women experience. Many studies, in various nations, found backlash effects where women were exposed to more IPV.Using Demographic and Health Surveys of Afghanistan 2015 (N = 19,862), Egypt 2014 (N = 6,283), Pakistan 2017–2018 (N = 3,167), and Tajikistan 2017 (N = 4,864) and negative binomial regression analyses, we examined the effects of married women's empowerment on IPV (emotional, physical, sexual, and husbands' controlling behaviors [HCB]).Overall, we found that women's gender traditionalism increased IPV in all nations. Women's empowerment, however, decreased the total IPV associated with gender traditionalism in four nations, but women's employment increased the total IPV in Egypt.We conclude that total IPV and HCB are related to gender traditionalism, but they depend on women's empowerment in some Muslim‐majority nations.Governments might consider making policies that would increase women's knowledge on gender equity and working women's rights, such as including gender quotas in workplaces to empower women. This could lead to a long‐term decrease in attitudes that tolerate IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Technology and Women's Empowerment" explores the relationship between technology and women's empowerment in various social, cultural, and economic contexts. It emphasizes the importance of women having access to technology as both consumers and producers in the tech industry. The book showcases case studies from around the world that demonstrate how technology can empower women by providing access to social networks, education, knowledge, and economic opportunities. However, the article also acknowledges that there are still barriers preventing women in underdeveloped nations from effectively accessing and utilizing technology, and calls for increased investment in digital skill development programs and infrastructure. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential and challenges of technology for women's empowerment, offering valuable insights for those interested in technology, women's empowerment, and social justice. [Extracted from the article]

Positivity discourses targeting women have become a global phenomenon. A body of literature has responded to criticise their potential to psychologise and depoliticise efforts to achieve gender equality. The purpose of this review is to analyse this critiques' literature, which mostly focuses on the Western context, to better understand the phenomenon and how its analysis might be applied to a non-Western context, in this case Vietnam. As a group of scholars based in Vietnam, we have observed a similar set of positivity discourses emerge in the country over the last 10 years. Despite its grounding in a Western context, we argue that the critique's literature and its theoretical interpretations, when situated differences are considered, are useful for analysing the emergence of this phenomenon in Vietnam. The review provides insights for social psychologists wishing to engage with questions on women's subjectivity in a global context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As women's empowerment is critical for the adoption of agricultural technologies by farmers, some governments have over the last three decades adopted a gender equality approach to food security. In Ghana, women play a vital role as farmers and food processors, which means they impact household nutrition in important ways. In this article, we explore women's empowerment in maize‐producing sites in Ghana by drawing on original data collected from over 400 farmers and service providers as part of a United States Agency for International Development‐funded Feed the Future project. We employ a quasi‐"women's empowerment in agriculture index" to measure the extent to which men and women maize producers are either empowered or disempowered in the domains of production, access to resources, control over income, leadership, and time allocation. Our study reveals that cost and time poverty are the main factors that influence the adoption of technologies to reduce postharvest losses. We also find that women are disproportionately disempowered in the areas of control over the use of income and time poverty. Importantly, we further find that researchers need to account for perceived versus actual empowerment when examining gender inequality in agriculture. Our study findings and policy recommendations will be of interest to policymakers, scholars, and development practitioners. Key points: Cost and time poverty are the main factors that influence the adoption of technologies to reduce postharvest food losses in Ghana.Ghanaian women are critically disempowered in the areas of control over the use of income and time poverty.Researchers need to account for perceived versus actual empowerment when examining gender inequality in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: The development of human capital is a priority for most nation states, accelerated by the COVID‐19 global pandemic. In the context of reimagining a "new normal" post‐COVID, we reconsider the concept of human capital, and focus on knowledge, skills, and training of individuals in order to capture aspects of inclusive development. Purpose: This paper shows how the perspective of women, informal sector workers, representing some of the most marginalized workers in society, informs and improves our understanding of human capital and its development and utilization. Methods and approach: Our findings are derived from field‐based research conducted over the summer of 2021 in which multiple (virtual) focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with selected members of the Self‐Employed Women's Association (SEWA) in India. Findings: Through our FGDs, the participants provided new perspectives and insights into our knowledge of human capital, emphasizing the importance of social protection programmes, gender equity, ongoing training opportunities, decentralized supply chains, and income security. Perhaps most significantly, the benefits accrued to women through being organized have been key to unlocking their human capital potential. Policy implications: Our research highlights themes that are often overlooked in the literature or are beyond the scope of more narrow conceptualizations of human capital. We show that human capital is tightly interwoven with other forms of capital (community assets), and hence efforts to build the former cannot be achieved in isolation from attending to the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During World War II, the British and Soviet governments permitted more personal contact between their citizens in hope that they would develop feelings of goodwill and become more supportive of their Alliance. This article examines the wartime correspondence exchanged between women of Britain and the Soviet Union as well as between two organizations, which facilitated their interactions. Participants from both countries used personal and gendered language to frame the Alliance and their contributions to it. Despite their ideological and political differences, the participants found common ground by focusing on their shared experiences as mothers, wives, and workers as well as by stressing a model of womanhood, which contained both radical and traditional elements. They combined essentializing concepts of femininity, which emphasized women's maternalism and vulnerability, with arguments for women's empowerment, based on their ability to change state policies and overcome gender inequities. The two committees that facilitated the exchanges wielded this feminine ideal to bolster the Alliance as well as to advance their own institutional agendas. Ultimately, these conversations shed light on: popular participation in the Anglo‐Soviet alliance, the power of emotion to forge political ties, and how womanhood was conceptualized and put in service of military and political goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comparative case study uses qualitative data to explore and analyze the institutional obstacles that women in reserved seats face to their political empowerment in the Gram Panchayat in India and the Union Parishad in Bangladesh. The findings reveal that women in reserved seats in both countries confront some fundamental institutional barriers, such as a masculine model of politics, lack of political party support, as well as lack of power and resources. Indian women face serious problems—the inclusion of ex-officio members, the rotational system, bureaucratic dominance, and partisan elections—whereas Bangladeshi women suffer from the unequal distribution of reserved seats under a quota policy and lack of clarity in rules, power, and provisions. A lack of financial resources limits the effective participation of women members in the decision-making process in both countries. Further institutional reforms are vital to ensure women's political empowerment through reserved seats in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering bridewealth in Melanesia from the angle of women's autonomy, in this introduction we review and analyse the various elements of this marriage practice that reveal its place in the symbolic, social and economic worlds of women. With an accent on social transformation, we discuss women's autonomy and agency in relation to the constraints that bridewealth puts on their lives, and on how they engage with it. Knowing what bridewealth is, and how the rules of reciprocity that it indexes obligate married women, the focus is on women's ability to act within these constraints or to redefine their contours, particularly with regards to economic and reproductive agency. The article, which serves also as the introduction for the special issue on bridewealth in the journal Oceania, discusses themes analysed in the collection, such as the moral prospects of bridewealth today, its relation to 'capital' in twenty‐first century Oceania, the triad value/valuables/valuers, and the empowerment of women. It concludes with thoughts on gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: affect; cartography; emotion; thematic maps; cartographie; émotion; cartes thématiques EN affect cartography emotion thematic maps FR cartographie émotion cartes thématiques 184 198 15 06/04/20 20200601 NES 200601 Introduction As representations of spatial data, maps can support productive access to information and knowledge construction (MacEachren and Kraak [32]), and may draw in readers imaginatively and emotionally (Aitken and Craine [1]). Data and maps The first author used one dataset to create the three maps: a choropleth, a contiguous cartogram, and a repeating icon tile map (see Figures -). The user was asked to take a minute to explore the map before completing the two data-related map interpretation tasks below the map image. The tile map Despite the distortions to geography and topology in the tile map, the average success rate across the two tasks was highest for this map type, at 97% (compared to 94% for both the choropleth and cartogram). [Extracted from the article]

Gender, although gaining attention, remains under‐researched in disaster risk reduction protocols and response and recovery efforts. This study examines women's experiences of two disasters in small towns in the United States, utilising qualitative interviews with residents of Granbury and West, Texas, during the first year of disaster recovery. Granbury was struck by an EF‐4 tornado on 15 May 2013, whereas an explosion occurred at a local fertiliser facility in West on 17 April 2013. The paper explores how women's experiences of inter‐gender power dynamics in decision‐making, the prioritisation of childcare, and women's participation in the community affect their post‐disaster recovery. Previous research highlights different forms of human response and recovery vis‐à‐vis 'natural' and technological disasters, with less attention paid to gender differences. The results point to the persistent, and similar, effect of gender stratification on women's experiences across different types of disasters in the US and the continued importance of gender‐sensitive disaster policies and programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work has documented the need to engage with how men construct masculinities within postfeminist discourses in the workplace. Postfeminism has sparked debates concerning the changing ideals of masculinities, highlighting the tensions between traditional forms of patriarchy and 'new' ways of being a man (e.g., emotional, a 'new father', in crisis). Men have been depicted as being in search of a new identity, opposed to the ever‐growing confidence and empowerment of women. In mobilizing postfeminism as a discourse, this article illustrates how men working in an Italian pharmacological research centre (managed by men but dominated by women) assume subject positions that contradictorily fluctuate between tradition and fluid modernity, to reveal a masculinity which we identify with the 'new industrial man'. The postfeminist masculinities exposed in the analysis mesh pro‐ and anti‐feminist ideas by appealing to un/heroic and romanticized subjectivities. The analysis also shows how un/heroic masculinities and men's appeal to biological differences to reinforce social ones and devalue the feminine obfuscate organizational gender inequalities. The article advances masculinity theory by offering a nuanced analysis of how masculinities and men are affected by paradoxical contemporary pressures for more egalitarian gender relations and a renewed emphasis on patriarchal traditions, which continue to support the gendering of the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentoring is widely acknowledged to be an important contributor to women's career success and progression, but women often struggle to access mentoring networks that can help sponsor and develop their careers. Formal mentoring programmes designed specifically for women help overcome this challenge, but such schemes may at the same time reinforce masculine discourses which position women as deficient in relation to the invisibly male norm that is implicit within contemporary working practices. Drawing on a formal women‐only mentoring programme built on gender‐positive goals to empower women to 'be the best they can be' within the events industry, this article considers the extent to which such programmes can both challenge and reproduce gendered discourses of business and success. Interviews with mentors and mentees illustrate how such programmes make gender visible within business and individual careers, but masculinist underpinnings of organizational discourses remain invisible, unacknowledged and thus largely unchallenged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to development research, as well as research studying inequality in agricultural systems. We use empirical data from an ethnographic study in the village of Mamba, in northern Tanzania (2006-2009). This study analyzes the question of changing gender relations and the patriarchal constraints to collective action under market liberalization of cash crops. Our findings demonstrate that the shift to a market economy has influenced the nature of production relations, deepening inequalities in gender relations and the position of women. However, some women circumvent their disadvantaged situations through their association with various types of collective action groups or networks. In order to investigate the different impacts on women's lives, we analyze women's interest and motivations for these collective actions. We also identify the processes of adaptation to the new production relations through the coffee trade network and tomato cultivation groups, two local initiatives. We analyze the differences between these two forms of collective action and theorize on their different impacts on women's empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our work challenges and points out the limitations of the theoretical presumptions underlying the relationship between empowerment, education, and employment that have been emphasized in both the exiting literature and the current rhetoric to “empower” women in developing countries. We use survey, life history, and focus group data to empirically examine the relationship between schooling, paid work, and power in domestic decision making for young, married women in Sri Lanka. We argue that the relationship between education, work, and women's control of household decisions is conditioned by the larger social context, and as such, it is likely to reflect the extent to which the division of labor and access to information and economic resources are the bases of domestic power in the society under consideration. Our results make a strong case for the need to move away from broad-based conceptualizations of women's empowerment to a consideration of the specific arenas and dimensions along which women can have power. In focusing on the domestic arena alone, we find that there are important differences in both the nature and determinants of the financial as opposed to the social and organizational dimension of power in Sri Lankan households. Women who control one of these aspects of family decisions do not necessarily control the other, and while education and employment play an important role in determining women's input in financial decisions, they are largely immaterial in determining household decisions related to social and organizational matters. Our results also demonstrate the importance of going beyong simplistic and limited measures of schooling and work to consider more fundamental structural factors involving family, social, and economic organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]