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The current paper seeks to examine the relationship between energy consumption and real output in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) economy. Technically, we assess the following two questions: 'does the increase in energy consumption cause more economic growth in the UAE economy?' or 'does the rapid economic growth lead to more energy consumption?' We utilise the bounds testing approach to cointegration and error correction model and Granger causality test to achieve the paper goal. The paper employs an annual data series of the UAE real gross domestic product and energy consumption over the 1973-2008 period. The findings of the paper have two levels: short-run and long-run. In the short-run, the results reveal a clear statistically significant bidirectional positive relationship between energy consumption and real output in the UAE economy. However, in the long-run the estimate illustrates only one relationship prevails from the short-run. This one is the statistically significant positive unidirectional relationship running from real output to energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the correlation between per capita GDP and per capita consumption of different sources of energy for OPEC Member Countries, the G-7 and three Asian countries, both with and without natural logarithm. In addition, the paper estimates the ratios for total GDP and total energy consumption of different sources of energy and also estimates GDP energy consumption elasticities. The paper concludes that on a per capita basis most OPEC Countries exhibit negative and weak relationships for all forms of energy, including electricity. For the G-7 and Asian countries, this relationship is positive and strong, with the exception of oil for G-7 countries, where there is a weak correlation. Surprisingly, most OPEC Countries showed a comparatively strong and positive correlation when tested for total GDP in relation to total energy consumption of the respective energy sources. The relationship for the rest of the countries remains unchanged. Population might have distorted the results in OPEC Countries. These results suggest that one should be cautious when drawing conclusions and not ignore the aggregate comparison, as this could otherwise lead to wrong results. For G-7 countries, there has been a significant shift in the pattern of energy consumption in relation to GDP when comparing 1960–73 and 1973–2001. All adjusted downward in the later period. However, the greatest adjustment was associated with petroleum consumption. The general conclusion is that wealth creation in G-7 countries is directly associated with the efficient use of all forms of energy. In contrast, most OPEC Countries exhibit a weaker linkage between energy consumption and economic development on a per capita basis, probably due to inefficient usage of resources or due to disproportionate distribution of wealth and thus energy usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between energy consumption and real gross domestic product ( GDP) per capita for the 15 former Soviet Union countries during the period 1992-2009. These countries have been rarely investigated with regard to the related nexus in the literature despite the important role of these countries in energy markets as producers and consumers. Panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests and panel vector error correction model in a dynamic panel framework are employed to infer the causal relationship. The empirical results show that there is a unidirectional causal relationship running from energy consumption to the real GDP per capita in the long run but not in the short-run for the former Soviet Union countries and Commonwealth Independent States countries regardless Russia is included or excluded. However, we discover a bidirectional relationship for oil importer and natural gas importer countries. Therefore, the findings of this study support the growth hypothesis for the former subsegments and feedback hypothesis for the latter subsegments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]