This empirical study explores financial links between indigenous and non-indigenous economic systems in a remote river catchment in Northern Australia (the Mitchell). It finds evidence of a profound and asymmetric 'disconnect' between these economies: an exogenous increase in indigenous incomes raises the incomes of non-indigenous people, but the reverse is not true. Evidently, those seeking to improve the incomes of indigenous people in Northern Australia cannot simply seek to ( i) increase payments to indigenous people, or ( ii) expand the non-indigenous sector hoping that some benefits will 'trickle down'. Instead, structural change is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]