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Both standard formulations of the frame problem and standard solutions implicitly assume that the re-identification of objects as persisting individuals between pre- and post-action contexts is unproblematic. In the case of human beings, this assumption is false: humans dedicate considerable cognitive resources to object re-identification. An analysis of both the phenomenology and neurocognitive implementation of object re-identification is used to show that in humans, all of the information architecturally available to solve the frame problem is in fact deployed for object re-identification. The frame problem is, therefore, equivalent to the object re-identification problem in the case of human problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operations in Government bureaucracy have to follow the guidance of policy, laws, and restrictions. The Government staff often do not know which solution they should use when facing a management problem that needs decision-making and problem solving, which means that the project to be carried out may jeopardize other projects and cause contradiction, which may in turn lead to difficulty in executing the project. System innovative thinking has been considered effective in uncovering structural flaws that limit system performance and explaining why a well-intended policy intervention fails to produce expected results. This study proposes a new method of diagnosis and improvement design by using TRIZ for management. Furthermore, through examples of 40 inventive principles, a pattern of innovation perfectly matching the solutions for management is then built up. This research is considered as being available for further users to utilize for management problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process Improvement (PI) is an approach for helping organizations to identify and resolve inefficient and ineffective processes through problem solving and pilot testing change. Use of PI in improving client access, retention and outcomes in addiction treatment is on the rise through the teaching of the Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment's (NIATx) Model for Improvement. Emphasizing five phases of change, five key principles for change, and four revolving aims, NIATx has taught hundreds of addiction treatment administrative and clinical staff to lead successful process improvement initiatives. This paper draws on experience from NIATx and offers methods and concepts to consider in the teaching of core process improvement tools and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses John McDowell's central mentalist notions, conceptuality and mindedness. Conceptuality when applied to everyday living means that we tend to use an equipment based on its usefulness to a specific task not by the physical properties it has such as weight or color. It is the process of how a person conceive, perceive or cope something. Mindedness as discussed by the author stressed that a person is said to be coping when it is involved in a particular activity. It notes that when a person is involved in learning, problem solving, responding to training, that person is mindful of what he is doing.

Choosing the right problem-solving method from available methods is a crucial skill for experts in many areas. We present a technique for automatic selection among methods based on analysis of their past performances. We formalize the statistical problem involved in choosing an efficient method, derive a solution to this problem, and describe a selection algorithm. The algorithm not only chooses among available methods, but also decides when to abandon the chosen method if it takes too much time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the role of anger management in parent-adolescent conflict. In the present study it was assumed that a number of factors contribute to the development and maintenance of parent-adolescent conflict and that treatment of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of conflict would be more effective than treatment that addresses the behavioral component alone. Conflict management skills were conceptualized as self-control skills that either the parent or adolescent could use individually before or during a conflict situation to reduce stress and avoid escalating conflict. The hypothesis that conflict management would enhance the effectiveness of conflict resolution alone was partially supported by the between group differences on the behavioral observation measure. Although the primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether conflict management training added to the effectiveness of conflict resolution training, a secondary purpose was to increase knowledge about small group treatment for reducing parent-adolescent conflict. In the current study, parent-adolescent dyads in both treatment conditions consistently showed both acquisition of communication and problems solving skills and a decrease in conflict at home.

The article presents information on the effects of training in creativity and creative problem finding upon business people. Creativity and problem finding can affect the functioning and effectiveness of business people. The power behind the creative ability is partially dependent on its availability as supplied by the human resource. The supply is a function of the degree to which creativity has been nurtured. To ignore latent and underdeveloped talents is to misuse and waste productive resources. Business organizations can proliferate the effects of underdeveloped creative and problem solving skills that are experienced through education. Many disregard the responsibility of developing creative and problem solving potentials of employees. The result is limited employee performance for a lifetime. Development of creativity and problem solving skills may well raise the ceiling of the creative operating levels of the business world.