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Proximity effects allow for the adjustment of magnetic properties in a physically elegant way. If two thin ferromagnetic (FM) films are brought into contact, electronic coupling alters their magnetic exchange interaction at their interface. For a low- T C rare-earth FM coupled to a 3d transition metal FM, even room temperature magnetism is within reach. In addition, magnetic proximity coupling is particularly promising for increasing the magnetic order of metastable materials such as europium monoxide (EuO) beyond their bulk T C , since neither the stoichiometry nor the insulating properties are modified. We investigate the magnetic proximity effect at Fe/EuO and Co/EuO interfaces using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By exciting the FM layers with circularly polarized light, magnetic dichroism is observed in angular dependence on the photoemission geometry. In this way, the depth-dependence of the magnetic signal is determined element-specifically for the EuO and 3d FM parts of the bilayers. In connection with atomistic spin dynamics simulations, the thickness of the EuO layer is found to be crucial, indicating that the observed antiferromagnetic proximity coupling is a short-ranged and genuine interface phenomenon. This fact turns the bilayer into a strong synthetic ferrimagnet. The increase in magnetic order in EuO occurs in a finite spatial range and is therefore particularly strong in the 2D limit—a counterintuitive but very useful phenomenon for spin-based device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater recharge is essential for managing surface and subsoil water resources. Not only for supplying people with daily drinking water, groundwater use for agricultural land and people's livelihood is also continuously increasing. As a result, there has been a decline in groundwater supply in various parts of the world, and it is highly desirable to identify the potential groundwater zones for specific sustainable development. This study aims to use an easy-to-use tool package named Landslide Sustainability Mapping Tool pack (LSM tool Pack) for preparing potential groundwater zone based on R and ArcGIS software integration. This tool uses five modules for processing. Among them, the Feature selection (FS) module brings a novel approach, determining the best subset feature for demarcating the groundwater potential zone. As a result, this best factor subset is used as an input of this tool pack. Additionally, PE modules evaluate the performance of proposed models in statistical performance metrics. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained with the integration of Performance Evaluation (PE) modules and ARC maps, which helps visual interpretation in evaluating models. This study uses the LSM tool Pack in the Rupnarayan river basin to map the potential groundwater zone based on fourteen controlling factors selected through the FS module, which will further help the local government to make a substitute policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]