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Mammals are key components of biodiversity mediating ecosystem functions, mainly because of the diversity of forms and functions of this group. Understanding and making explicit the role of mammals underpinning Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) or directly contributing to human well-being would help to influence policy formulation towards sustainable development and nature conservation. Through a workshop held at the XXXII Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoología and subsequent collaborative work, we compiled information related to Mammal's Contributions to People in Argentina (MCP-Arg) based on participants' interpretation of the available literature and their field experience. Argentinian mammals contribute to 12 of the 18 defined NCPs. We derived numerous MCP-Arg from studies that focused mainly on ecological processes and conservation, revealing an information gap in MCP-Arg description, quantification, and mapping. All taxa contribute similarly to the overall contributions, highlighting the importance of preserving mammal diversity. Conservation should also be framed at the local community rather than regional scales, aiming to preserve ecological functioning and contributions to human well-being, especially within regulation contributions. Our results show destructive feedback between threats and habitat-related contributions, with habitat degradation being the greatest threat to mammalian contributions and habitat maintenance the most threatened one. Our research indicates that a substantial amount of knowledge about MCP-Arg is available through narratives and interpretations. Considering the NCP approach to mammalian research, we can make significant contributions to both mammal conservation and human well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation measures are more likely to succeed when they take into account the perceptions and opinions of the local people who are in contact with the intended targets of protection. One way to account for local perceptions is to include local people in research and monitoring. We worked in a portion of the Dry Chaco that is rich in biodiversity, yet poor in urgently-needed information on medium and large vertebrates. We applied participatory monitoring together with small-scale ranchers, criollos, and indigenous Wichi residents. In this article we analyze the effectiveness of this method in incorporating local people in research activities. We explain the development of the methodology and its components, how we worked with local people and how we collected the data. Participatory monitoring comprised several different activities: meetings, training, practice and data collection. Local settlers added goals to those initially proposed, participated in activities, decided on methods of data collection and solved problems. Finally, we analyzed whether the method allowed us to meet the scientific objectives of our research: (i) to determine the species of medium and large vertebrates (> 0.5 kg) that are present in the area; (ii) to monitor their presence; and (iii) to describe the natural environments where animals were detected. With participatory monitoring we did meet our three scientific objectives. Yet participatory monitoring was not only a tool for collecting data, but also a tool for social integration. The method allowed the participation of people normally excluded from the system, to take into account their perceptions and to strengthen their capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]