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Context: Human activities are having a significant impact on biodiversity worldwide, to the extent that we are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction event. Although a substantial proportion of species globally have an elevated risk of extinction, some species are poorly known and there is insufficient information available to adequately assess their risk of extinction. Aims and methods: One such species is the glossy grass skink (Pseudemoia rawlinsoni), a widespread but enigmatic lizard species in south-eastern Australia. In order to improve our knowledge of its life history, and particularly its generation length, we examined museum specimens collected from across the range of the species, supplemented with measurements from field-caught individuals. Key results: We estimated that the species reaches sexual maturity in 3 years, at approximately 40 mm snout–vent length. Its generation length was estimated as 5 years. Sexual dimorphism was evident, and female body size was positively related to litter size. Although there was no evidence for substantial variation in morphology across the range of the glossy grass skink, a phylogeographic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequence data (ND4) revealed the presence of seven genetic sublineages (up to 5.1% genetic divergence) within the species. Conclusions: The glossy grass skink appears to be a single, but widespread and genetically variable, species. Implications: Our study demonstrates how a targeted, multifaceted study can be effective at rapidly gathering data that can be used to contribute vital information to the assessment of extinction risk in Data Deficient species. Conservation efforts are often inhibited by a lack of information on a species; but we show it is possible to inform extinction risk with rapidly gathered data. We found that the glossy grass skink (Pseudemoia rawlinsoni) is a widespread, geographically variable species that matures in 3 years and has a generation length of 5 years. This information, in combination with other field-based studies, indicates that the glossy grass skink meets the criteria for listing as a threatened species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]