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Neuronal loss is the central issue in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet no treatment developed so far can halt AD-associated neurodegeneration. Here, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb2A7) against 217 site-phosphorylated human tau (p-tau217) and observed that p-tau217 levels positively correlated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in AD patients. Intranasal administration efficiently delivered mAb2A7 into male PS19 tauopathic mouse brain with target engagement and reduced tau pathology/aggregation with little effect on total soluble tau. Further, mAb2A7 treatment blocked apoptosis-associated neuronal loss and brain atrophy, reversed cognitive deficits, and improved motor function in male tauopathic mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that mAb2A7 treatment reversed alterations mainly in proteins associated with synaptic functions observed in murine tauopathy and AD brain. An antibody (13G4) targeting total tau also attenuated tau-associated pathology and neurodegeneration but impaired the motor function of male tauopathic mice. These results implicate p-tau217 as a potential therapeutic target for AD-associated neurodegeneration. • P-tau217 correlates with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in AD patients • Antibody against p-tau217 attenuates pathology and neuronal loss in tauopathic mice • P-tau217 antibody restores brain function and proteostasis in tauopathic mice • An antibody targeting total tau leads to motor deficits in tauopathic mice Zhang et al. demonstrate that passive immunotherapy targeting p-tau217 is an effective strategy for intervening in tau-associated pathology and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy, with potentially little side effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel combined measurements techniques has been designed in this work, enabling the acquisition of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectral signals at the same point on a sample. The application of this combined technique to the analysis of multi-layered mock-up blocks painted with orpiment and realgar pigments has yielded significant insights. By correlating variations in the emission line intensity of characteristic elements within the LIBS spectra with depth-specific Raman spectra, the number of laser pulses that penetrated the pigment layers has been accurately determined, thereby establishing a method to measure layer thickness. Finally, the technique wasto analysis the actual mural fragment from Mogao Cave 196, determining the types of pigment and the thickness of the pigment layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wavelengths and transition rates of W40+-W42+ ions within the range of 40–140 Å, have been calculated using the Flexible Atomic Code of the Dirac-Fock-Slater method with a central potential. We investigated the charge state distribution of W38+-W45+ ions at different temperatures by constructing an appropriate rate equation and demonstrate the importance of the dielectronic recombination process. Additionally, we simulated the emission spectra of W40+-W42+ ions in a Tokamak plasma environment using collisional-radiative modeling. Our findings demonstrate strong agreement with experimental results and other related theoretical investigations. Finally, we propose certain pairs of transition lines as diagnostic tools for plasma temperature and density, leveraging the correlation between line intensity ratio and electron temperature and density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment with few therapeutic options. Despite many failures in developing AD treatment during the past 20 years, significant advances have been achieved in passive immunotherapy of AD very recently. Here, we review characteristics, clinical trial data, and mechanisms of action for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting key players in AD pathogenesis, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau and neuroinflammation modulators. We emphasized the efficacy of lecanemab and donanemab on cognition and amyloid clearance in AD patients in phase III clinical trials and discussed factors that may contribute to the efficacy and side effects of anti-Aβ mAbs. In addition, we provided important information on mAbs targeting tau or inflammatory regulators in clinical trials, and indicated that mAbs against the mid-region of tau or pathogenic tau have therapeutic potential for AD. In conclusion, passive immunotherapy targeting key players in AD pathogenesis offers a promising strategy for effective AD treatment. ● Passive immunotherapy is a major strategy under clinical development for AD treatment. ● Monoclonal antibodies against Aβ including lecanemab and donanemab showed significant efficacy in phase III clinical trials. ● ARIA and brain atrophy cannot be ignored in Aβ-targeted immunotherapy. ● Passive immunotherapy targeting tau and neuroinflammation is at an early stage of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties and spectrum of the highly charged tungsten ions draw more and more attention, due to its potential application in the next generation fusion reactor. The transition wavelength and rate of the magnetic-dipole transition between the levels of the ground configuration of W53+ ion in the range of 10 − 20 nm were calculated by Dirac–Fock–Slater (DFS) method with a local central potential and Multi-Configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method, respectively. The results are consistent with the previous EBIT experimental data and other theoretical data. A collisional-radiative model was constructed, and the spectrum of magnetic-dipole transition of W53+ ion observed on EBIT (Y. Ralchenko et al., Phys. Rev. A. 83 , 032517, 2011) was reproduced theoretically. Another two new transitions near the wavelength of 16.683 nm and 18.018 nm are also assigned to the M1 transition of W53+ ion. • The EBIT spectrum of W53+ ion was reproduced and analyzed by CRM with accurate atomic data. • The new M1 transition between the ground configuration of W53+ ions were assigned to the experimental spectrum. • The MCDHF transition wavelength was used instead of DFS results to get better agreement with the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]