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Background: Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis is a tick species distributed only in China. Due to its ability to transmit a variety of pathogens, including species of the genera Anaplasma, Rickettsia, Babesia, and Theileria, it seriously endangers livestock husbandry. However, the microbial community of the midgut of H. qinghaiensis females collected from yaks and Tibetan sheep has not yet been characterized using metagenomic sequencing technology. Methods: Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis were collected from the skins of yaks and Tibetan sheep in Gansu Province, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from the midguts and midgut contents of fully engorged H. qinghaiensis females collected from the two hosts. Metagenomic sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community of the two groups. Results: Fifty-seven phyla, 483 genera, and 755 species were identified in the two groups of samples. The ticks from the two hosts harbored common and unique microorganisms. At the phylum level, the dominant common phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Mucoromycota. At the genus level, the dominant common genera were Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Pseudomonas. At the species level, bacteria including Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia minasensis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa along with eukaryotes such as Synchytrium endobioticum and Rhizophagus irregularis, and viruses such as the orf virus, Alphadintovirus mayetiola, and Parasteatoda house spider adintovirus were detected in both groups. In addition, the midgut of H. qinghaiensis collected from yaks had unique microbial taxa including two phyla, eight genera, and 23 species. Unique microorganisms in the midgut of H. qinghaiensis collected from Tibetan sheep included two phyla, 14 genera, and 32 species. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the functional genes of the microbiome of H. qinghaiensis were annotated to six pathways, and the metabolic pathways included 11 metabolic processes, in which the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were the most abundant, followed by the genes involved in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: These findings indicate that most of the microbial species in the collected H. qinghaiensis ticks were the same in both hosts, but there were also slight differences. The analytical data from this study have enhanced our understanding of the midgut microbial composition of H. qinghaiensis collected from different hosts. The database of H. qinghaiensis microbe constructed from this study will lay the foundation for predicting tick-borne diseases. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of tick microbiomes will be useful for understanding vector competency and interactions with ticks and midgut microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has been encapsulated in delivery systems to address the solubility limitations of DMY in water and improve its bioavailability. Air-assisted electrospinning has been used as a novel technology to load DMY. To evaluate the impact of adding DMY to dextran/zein nanofibers and understand the effects of the Maillard reaction (MR) on the physical and functional properties of DMY-loaded nanofibers, dextran/zein/xylose nanofibers with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% DMY were fabricated, followed by MR crosslinking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicated that the addition of DMY and the MR did not affect the morphology of the nanofibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated amorphous dispersion of DMY within the nanofibers and a decreased crystalline structure within the nanofibers following the MR, which might improve their molecular flexibility. The nanofibrous film formed after the MR exhibited both increased tensile strength and elastic modulus due to hydrogen bonding within the nanofibers and increased elongation at break attributed to the increased amorphization of the structure after crosslinking. The nanofibers were also found to exhibit improved heat stability after the MR. The antioxidant activity of the nanofibers indicated a dose-dependent effect of DMY on radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The maintenance of antioxidant activity of the nanofibers after the MR suggested heat stability of DMY during heat treatment. Overall, dextran/zein nanofibers with various DMY contents exhibited tunable physical properties and effective antioxidant activities, indicating that dextran/zein nanofibers offer a successful DMY delivery system, which can be further applied as an active package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of severe low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in patients with rectal cancer undergoing sphincter-preserving resection, and to provide the clinical basis and reference for the treatment of rectal cancer and the prevention of LARS. Studies on the incidence and risk factors for severe LARS in patients with rectal cancer undergoing sphincter-preserving resection were searched using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After evaluating the study quality and extracting relevant data, RevMan 5.2 and STATA software were used to conduct a meta-analysis. A total of 12 articles were considered eligible for the present meta-analysis. Within these articles, there were 3,877 cases of sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer and 1,589 cases of severe LARS; the incidence of severe LARS was 40.99%. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that sex [female; odds ratio (OR), 6.54; 95% CI, 3.63–11.76; Z, 6.27; P<0.00001], radiotherapy and chemotherapy (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.29–5.21; Z, 5.91; P<0.00001), total mesorectal excision (TME; OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 3.32–5.79; Z, 10.41; P<0.00001), and distance between tumor and anal margin (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 0.86–8.72; Z, 1.70; P<0.00001) may be the risk factors for severe LARS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the socio-psychological impact of living in high-rise, densely populated urban areas is essential for evaluating the quality of interior urban spaces within vertical urbanism, a field commonly known as ‘Urbanology’. This area combines urban psychology, anthropology and social science, often utilizing empirical methods such as surveys and interviews. This research offers scientific research methods that utilize electroencephalogram (EEG) and an artificial intelligence (AI) generator to establish a system and formula for accessing neuroscientific datasets. The goal is to establish a connection between emotions and the spatial conditions of urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Haemaphysalis longicornis is a predominant tick species in East Asia and infests humans, cattle and wildlife. It is also a common vector for pathogen transmission. The microbial community in tick midguts not only affects the transmission of tick-borne pathogens but also indirectly affects the development, metabolism, reproduction, and other physiology of ticks. There have been rare reports on the effects of different types of hosts on the microbial composition of tick midguts. Here, we conducted a midgut microbiome of H. longicornis collected from tiger and deer by high-throughput sequencing and showed that the relative abundance of each bacterium varied greatly at different classification levels. Haemaphysalis longicornis is a common tick species that carries several pathogens. There are few reports on the influence of different hosts on the structure of midgut microflora in H. longicornis. In this study, midgut contents of fully engorged female H. longicornis were collected from the surface of tiger (Panthera tigris) and deer (Dama dama). The bacterial genomic DNA of each sample was extracted, and the V3–V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA were sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. The diversity of the bacterial community of the fully engorged female H. longicornis on the surface of tiger was higher than that of deer. In total, 8 phyla and 73 genera of bacteria annotations were detected in the two groups. At the phylum level, the bacterial phyla common to the two groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, there were 20 common bacterial genera, among which the relative abundances of Coxiella, Morganella, Diplorickettsia, and Acinetobacter were high. The Morganella species was further identified to be Morganella morganii. The alpha diversity index indicated that the bacterial diversity of the tiger group was higher than that of the deer group. Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Cyanobacteria were solely detected in the tiger group. A total of 52 bacterial genera were unique in the tiger group, while one bacterial genus was unique in the deer group. This study indicates that there are differences in the structure of the gut bacteria of the same tick species among different hosts. Further culture-based methods are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the tick microbiota parasitizing different hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The oil types and origins in the Shengbei Sag of Tuha Basin investigated. • Source rocks are located at the coal-bearing Shuixigou Group and Qiketai Formation. • Crude oils from Shuixigou Group can migrate upward and into the Cretaceous reservoirs. • Hydrocarbon mixing is commonplace in the Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs. • • At least two phases of gas generation occurred within the Shuixigou Group. The molecular compositions of C 6 -C 7 light hydrocarbons, adamantanes, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual n -alkanes of crude oils were comprehensively measured to clarify the genesis of crude oils from the Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs within the Shengbei Sag of Tuha Basin. The results indicate that crude oils produced from the underlying reservoirs of Middle Jurassic Qiketai Formation are derived mainly from the Middle-Lower Jurassic coal-bearing Shuixigou Group including the coal sequences and interbedded shales. Crude oils generated from the interbedded shales can migrate upward and into the overlying Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs and may mix with the low-matured oils generated from the lacustrine shales within the Middle Jurassic Qiketai Formation during secondary migration. Moreover, oil samples from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Formations were altered by gas washing firstly and then gas invasion later by presenting the depletion of n -C 12 – n -C 15 and the enrichment of n -C 12- , indicating at least two phases of significant gas generation from the Shuixigou Group. The second phase of intruded gas is supposed to be generated mainly from the Lower Jurassic source rocks in study area. This study provides an improved understanding of hydrocarbon sources, migration and mixing in the Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs of Shengbei Sag, Tuha Basin and should be helpful in making reasonable strategy for petroleum exploration in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are acquired injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by external forces that cause temporary or permanent sensory and motor impairments and the potential for long‐term disability or even death. These conditions currently lack effective treatments and impose substantial physical, social, and economic burdens on millions of people and families worldwide. TBI and SCI involve intricate pathological mechanisms, and the inflammatory response contributes significantly to secondary injury in TBI and SCI. It plays a crucial role in prolonging the post‐CNS trauma period and becomes a focal point for a potential therapeutic intervention. Previous research on the inflammatory response has traditionally concentrated on glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia. However, increasing evidence highlights the crucial involvement of lymphocytes in the inflammatory response to CNS injury, particularly CD8+ T cells and NK cells, along with their downstream XCL1‐XCR1 axis. Objective: This review aims to provide an overview of the role of the XCL1‐XCR1 axis and the T‐cell response in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI and identify potential targets for therapy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords related to the XCL1‐XCR1 axis, T‐cell response, TBI, and SCI. Results: This study examines the upstream and downstream pathways involved in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI, including interleukin‐15 (IL‐15), interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, XCL1, XCR1+ dendritic cells, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), helper T0 cells (Th0 cells), helper T1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T17 cells (Th17 cells). We describe their proinflammatory effect in TBI and SCI. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the XCL1‐XCR1 axis and the T‐cell response have great potential for preclinical investigations and treatments for TBI and SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) using mitochondrial viscosity as a nexus holds great promise for MIRI therapy. However, high‐precision visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity remains a formidable task owing to the debilitating electrostatic interactions caused by damaged mitochondrial membrane potential. Herein, we propose a dual‐locking mitochondria‐targeting strategy that incorporates electrostatic forces and probe‐protein molecular docking. Even in damaged mitochondria, stable and precise visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity in triggered and medicated MIRI was achieved owing to the sustained driving forces (e.g. pi‐cation, pi‐alkyl interactions, etc.) between the developed probe, CBS, and the mitochondrial membrane protein. Moreover, complemented by a western blot, we confirmed that ferrostatin‐1 exerts its therapeutic effect on MIRI by improving the system xc−/GSH/GPX4 antioxidant system, confirming the therapeutic value of ferroptosis in MIRI. This study presents a novel strategy for developing robust mitochondrial probes, thereby advancing MIRI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) using mitochondrial viscosity as a nexus holds great promise for MIRI therapy. However, high‐precision visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity remains a formidable task owing to the debilitating electrostatic interactions caused by damaged mitochondrial membrane potential. Herein, we propose a dual‐locking mitochondria‐targeting strategy that incorporates electrostatic forces and probe‐protein molecular docking. Even in damaged mitochondria, stable and precise visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity in triggered and medicated MIRI was achieved owing to the sustained driving forces (e.g. pi‐cation, pi‐alkyl interactions, etc.) between the developed probe, CBS, and the mitochondrial membrane protein. Moreover, complemented by a western blot, we confirmed that ferrostatin‐1 exerts its therapeutic effect on MIRI by improving the system xc−/GSH/GPX4 antioxidant system, confirming the therapeutic value of ferroptosis in MIRI. This study presents a novel strategy for developing robust mitochondrial probes, thereby advancing MIRI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear rheology of Pickering emulsions is used to further investigate the nonlinear and unrecoverable transformation of inner structures, which is beyond the linear viscoelastic regime of tiny structural disturbances. Exploring various rheological methods plays a vital role in emulsion applications, such as simulating the macroscopic structural transformation between static and liquidlike flow states, strain overshoot, and regeneration for broken structures. According to our previous studies, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) Pickering emulsions are a typical system for investigating polymer-based emulsions with the auxiliary surfactant [didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)] for enhancing CNF absorption. To further study different rheological properties by varying CNF or DDAB contents, multiple interval thixotropic test, large amplitude oscillatory shear, and concentration-time-dependent superposition are employed to study the linear viscoelasticity and structural transformation of nonlinear range. This research was conducted based on the previous published works [Cui et al., Materials 15, 8285 (2022)] as a further characterization for the same sample series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of ixodid ticks display host-specificity to varying extents. Feeding on different hosts affects their development and reproduction. Consequences can be analyzed at the level of the egg, as it is the initial stage of tick development. Tick egg proteins are abundant and diverse, providing nutrients for embryonic development. However, studies on tick egg profiles are scarce. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether feeding Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks on the yaks (Bos grunniens) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) has an impact on the variety and variability of the egg proteome. Detached engorged females were used to lay eggs, which were then collected, dewaxed, and subjected to protein extraction. The extracted egg proteins were enzymatically digested using Filter-Aided Sample Preparation (FASP), and the unique peptides were separated and detected by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The MS data were searched against the previously constructed whole tick transcriptome library of H. qinghaiensis, and the UniProt database for the identification of tick-derived egg proteins. The analysis revealed 49 and 53 high-confidence proteins identified in eggs collected from B. grunniens (EggBg) and O. aries (EggOa), respectively. Of these, 46 high-confidence proteins were common to both egg types, while three were unique to EggBg and seven to EggOa. All the identified proteins mainly belonged to enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, transporters, and proteins with unknown functions. The differential abundance analysis showed that nine proteins were significantly more present in EggBg, while six were significantly more present in EggOa. Overall, enzymes were the most diverse group, while vitellogenin (Vg) was the most abundant. Blood meal uptake on different hosts has a certain effect on the egg proteome composition and the abundance of some proteins, but it may also lead to compensation of protein roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a highly promising strategy for clinical treatment of cancer. Among these inhibitors, ipilimumab stands out for its ability to induce cytotoxic T cell proliferation and activation by binding to CTLA-4. However, ipilimumab also gives rise to systemic immune-related adverse effects and tumor immune evasion, limiting its effectiveness. We developed IFNγ–ipilimumab and confirmed that the addition of INF-γ does not alter the fundamental properties of ipilimumab. IFNγ–ipilimumab can be activated by matrix metalloproteinases, thereby promoting the IFNγ signaling pathway and enhancing the cytotoxicity of T cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that IFNγ–ipilimumab enhances the therapeutic effect of ipilimumab against colorectal cancer by increasing CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor area and inducing MHC-I expression in tumor cells. Mice treated with IFNγ–ipilimumab showed higher survival rates and body weight, as well as lower CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte activation rates in the blood and reduced organ damage. IFNγ–ipilimumab improved the effectiveness of ipilimumab while reducing its side effects. It is likely that future immunotherapies would rely on such antibodies to activate local cancer cells or immune cells, thereby increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of cancer treatments and ensuring their safety. • The bioactivity of IFNγ–ipilimumab is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases. • IFNγ–ipilimumab restricts the activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the bloodstream. • IFNγ–ipilimumab induces MHC-I expression in tumors and facilitates cytotoxic T cell infiltration into the tumor area. • IFNγ–ipilimumab has a higher recommended dosage for improved safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammation can worsen spinal cord injury (SCI), with dendritic cells (DCs) playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response. They mediate T lymphocyte differentiation, activate microglia, and release cytokines like NT‐3. Moreover, DCs can promote neural stem cell survival and guide them toward neuron differentiation, positively impacting SCI outcomes. Objective: This review aims to summarize the role of DCs in SCI‐related inflammation and identify potential therapeutic targets for treating SCI. Methods: Literature in PubMed and Web of Science was reviewed using critical terms related to DCs and SCI. Results: The study indicates that DCs can activate microglia and astrocytes, promote T‐cell differentiation, increase neurotrophin release at the injury site, and subsequently reduce secondary brain injury and enhance functional recovery in the spinal cord. Conclusions: This review highlights the repair mechanisms of DCs and their potential therapeutic potential for SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A magnetic Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @PEDOT/Ni electrode is proposed to boost the stability of HER. • Water droplets in the moist produce the H 2 O 2 , inducing the formation of NiO species. • The presence of NiO nanoparticles can significantly enhance HER activity. • The magnetic electrode shows a superior electrocatalytic life exceeding 10 days. The production of high-purity hydrogen using surplus electrical energy and abundant water resources has immense potential in mitigating the fossil energy crisis, as hydrogen fuel holds clean, pollution-free, and high-energy characteristics. However, the practical application of large-scale hydrogen production from water faces challenges such as high overpotentials, sluggish dynamics, and limited electrocatalytic lifetime associated with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we fabricated the sandwich structure of a Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)/Ni (Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @PEDOT/Ni) electrode and employed a strong magnet to obtain a magnetic electrode capable of achieving high-activity and durability for HER. Electrochemical analysis reveals that the activated magnetic electrode displays a significantly reduced overpotential and an extended electrocatalytic lifetime of 10 days. Notably, its stability is higher than that of non-magnetic Ni/Fe 3 O 4 /Ni and Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @PEDOT/Ni electrodes, primarily due to the support from magnetic force and the protective PEDOT layer. Moreover, the minute atomized droplets can form the H 2 O 2 species in a moist environment, facilitating the formation of the NiO layer on the Ni surface, which plays a vital role in boosting catalytic activity. In conclusion, our magnetic electrode strategy, combined with the emergence of the NiO layer, offers valuable insights for the development of advanced HER electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Four new compounds were isolated from Cordyceps militaris. • Compound 3 is a rare four-membered lactam. • The protein target of active 3 was identified as C1qbp by chemical biology strategy. Four undescribed compounds including one aromatic glucoside derivative, cordyceglycoside A (1), one new isoleucine derivative inner salt, cordycepisosalt A (2), a rare four-membered lactam, cinerealactam B (3), and one sesquiterpene derivative, cordycepsetp A (4), together with six known compounds were isolated from Cordyceps militaris. The structures including absolute configurations of these new compounds, were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Biological evaluation of compounds 1 – 4 showed that 3 displays anti-renal fibrotic activities in TGF- β 1 induced NRK-52e cells. Furthermore, DARTS coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify candidate target proteins for 3. Subsequently, C1qbp knockdown using siRNA allowed us to validate the target protein of 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Targeting and internalizing PEGylated nanodrugs to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of hematologic malignancies by anti-PEG bispecific antibody (mPEG × CD20)" published in the journal Cancer Nanotechnology. The correction addresses an error in the author's name, where Tung-Ho Wu was incorrectly written as Dung-Ho Wu. The correct affiliation of the author is also provided in the correction. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that often leads to severe disability, and effective treatments for SCI are currently limited. The present study investigated the potential effects and specific mechanisms of melatonin treatment in SCI. Mice were divided into Sham (Sham), Vehicle (Veh), Melatonin (Mel), and Melatonin + 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4P-PDOT) (Mel + 4PP) groups based on randomized allocation. The expression of MT2 and the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Keap1 signaling pathways were examined, along with oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory factors and GFAP-positive cells near the injury site. The polarization of microglial cells in different inflammatory microenvironments was also observed. Cell survival, motor function recovery and spinal cord tissue morphology were assessed using staining and Basso Mouse Scale scores. On day 7 after SCI, the results revealed that melatonin treatment increased MT2 protein expression and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. It also reduced GFAP-positive cells, mitigated oxidative stress, and suppressed inflammatory responses around the injury site. Furthermore, melatonin treatment promoted the polarization of microglia toward the M2 type, increased the number of neutrophil-positive cells, and modulated the transcription of Bax and Bcl2 in the injured spinal cord. Melatonin treatment alleviated the severity of spinal injuries and facilitated functional recovery in mice with SCI. Notably, blocking MT2 with 4P-PDOT partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in SCI, indicating that the activation of the MT2/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotective properties of melatonin in SCI. The therapeutic and translational potentials of melatonin in SCI warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]