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Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression change efforts (SOGIECEs) are discredited practices that are associated with serious negative effects and incompatible with modern standards for clinical practice. Despite evidence linking SOGIECEs with serious iatrogenic effects, and despite support for LGBTQ+-affirmative care alternatives, SOGIECE practices persist. In the 1970s and 1980s, Behavior Therapy published articles testing and/or endorsing SOGIECEs, thereby contributing to their overall development, acceptance, and use. The Behavior Therapy Task Force on SOGIECEs was assembled to conduct a rigorous review of the SOGIECE articles published in Behavior Therapy and to decide whether, and what, formal action(s) should be taken on these articles. This report provides a detailed review of the historic SOGIECE literature published in Behavior Therapy and outlines the Task Force's deliberative and democratic processes resulting in actions to: (1) add prominent advisory information to k = 24 SOGIECE papers in the form of digital "black box" disclaimers that caution readers that the SOGIECE practices tested or described in these papers are inconsistent with modern standards, (2) offset organizational financial benefits from the publication of these papers, and (3) promote LGBTQ+-affirmative practices. SOGIECEs are not the only concerning practices across the field's history, and the pages of today's scientific journals include practices that will be at odds with tomorrow's moral standards and ethical guidelines. This report calls for precautionary measures and editorial safeguards to minimize the future likelihood and impact of problematic published scholarship, including the need to fully include those with relevant lived experiences in all aspects of clinical science and peer review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary The Relevance to Mental Health Nursing Background Design Tools Results Conclusion This research paper explores the intricate relationship between metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, and psychosocial performance in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Understanding these dynamics can help mental health nurses identify and address each patient's needs more effectively. It can guide them in devising personalized care plans that not only manage the symptoms but also improve the underlying mechanism that exacerbates the psychotic symptoms and social functioning and the overall quality of life. Moreover, the findings of this research can contribute to developing training programs for mental health nurses, equipping them with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide optimal care. What the paper adds to existing knowledge? •This study provides empirical evidence of the significant positive correlation between OCS and metacognitive dimensions in individuals with schizophrenia. •It highlights the role of certain demographic factors, such as younger age and single marital status, in increasing the likelihood of elevated OCS. •It underscores the inverse relationship between higher metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and lower levels of psychosocial functioning. •It identifies age and metacognitive scores as crucial predictors of psychosocial functioning across various domains. What are the implications for practice? •The findings suggest that therapeutic nursing interventions for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia should address metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs to improve overall functioning and well‐being. •Clinicians, including psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses, should consider the patient's age, marital status, and metacognitive scores when assessing the risk of elevated OCS and devising treatment plans. •The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive psychiatric nursing assessment, including metacognitive dysfunction and OCS evaluation. What are the implications for future research? •Future research could explore the causal relationships between metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs, OCS, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. •Longitudinal studies could provide insights into the progression of these relationships over time and the impact of therapeutic interventions. •Further research could also investigate the effectiveness of specific therapeutic strategies such as Metacognitive Therapy (MCT), Schema Therapy (ST), Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to address this population's metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs. What the paper adds to existing knowledge? •This study provides empirical evidence of the significant positive correlation between OCS and metacognitive dimensions in individuals with schizophrenia. •It highlights the role of certain demographic factors, such as younger age and single marital status, in increasing the likelihood of elevated OCS. •It underscores the inverse relationship between higher metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and lower levels of psychosocial functioning. •It identifies age and metacognitive scores as crucial predictors of psychosocial functioning across various domains. This study provides empirical evidence of the significant positive correlation between OCS and metacognitive dimensions in individuals with schizophrenia.It highlights the role of certain demographic factors, such as younger age and single marital status, in increasing the likelihood of elevated OCS.It underscores the inverse relationship between higher metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and lower levels of psychosocial functioning.It identifies age and metacognitive scores as crucial predictors of psychosocial functioning across various domains.What are the implications for practice? •The findings suggest that therapeutic nursing interventions for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia should address metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs to improve overall functioning and well‐being. •Clinicians, including psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses, should consider the patient's age, marital status, and metacognitive scores when assessing the risk of elevated OCS and devising treatment plans. •The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive psychiatric nursing assessment, including metacognitive dysfunction and OCS evaluation. The findings suggest that therapeutic nursing interventions for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia should address metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs to improve overall functioning and well‐being.Clinicians, including psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses, should consider the patient's age, marital status, and metacognitive scores when assessing the risk of elevated OCS and devising treatment plans.The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive psychiatric nursing assessment, including metacognitive dysfunction and OCS evaluation.What are the implications for future research? •Future research could explore the causal relationships between metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs, OCS, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. •Longitudinal studies could provide insights into the progression of these relationships over time and the impact of therapeutic interventions. •Further research could also investigate the effectiveness of specific therapeutic strategies such as Metacognitive Therapy (MCT), Schema Therapy (ST), Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to address this population's metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs. Future research could explore the causal relationships between metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs, OCS, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia.Longitudinal studies could provide insights into the progression of these relationships over time and the impact of therapeutic interventions.Further research could also investigate the effectiveness of specific therapeutic strategies such as Metacognitive Therapy (MCT), Schema Therapy (ST), Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to address this population's metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs.Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder that significantly impacts an individual's cognitive, emotional and social functioning. Recent research has highlighted the role of metacognitive beliefs and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) in the psychosocial performance of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Understanding these relationships could provide valuable insights for developing more effective nursing interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, OCS and psychosocial performance among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.A cross‐sectional survey was conducted involving 174 purposively selected participants diagnosed with schizophrenia.The Meta‐Cognitions Questionnaire‐30, Young Adult Self‐Report Scale for OCS and Specific Level of Functioning Scale were used to gather the necessary data.The study found a significant positive correlation between OCS and metacognitive dimensions. Age was a significant predictor with an Oddis Ratio of 2.471. The metacognitive dysfunction was a highly significant predictor in univariate and multivariate analyses, with Oddis Ratios of 1.087 and 1.106, respectively. The study also discovered that higher levels of metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs were associated with lower levels of psychosocial functioning. Age and the metacognitive dysfunction score were significant predictors of psychosocial functioning scores, accounting for 26.8% of the variance in these scores.The study reveals a compelling inverse relationship between higher metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and lower levels of psychosocial functioning in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. It also identifies certain demographic factors, such as younger age, as significant contributors to elevated OCS. Importantly, metacognitive dysfunction emerged as a critical predictor of psychosocial functioning across various domains. These findings underscore the potential of incorporating metacognitive‐focused interventions in the treatment plans for schizophrenia patients. By addressing these cognitive patterns, healthcare professionals can enhance overall functioning and well‐being in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Incontinence is a common, distressing condition, most prevalent in older people. There is an unmet need for effective interventions to support continence. This review focuses on non-pharmacological interventions to reduce incontinence among homebound older people. Aim: to identify interventions with potential to be delivered by care workers, nurses or family members in a person's home. Methods Multiple databases were searched until 15 September 2023 for randomised controlled trials reporting home-based interventions for incontinence for older people (≥65 years) living at home. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and papers against inclusion criteria, then assessed for the Risk of Bias (RoB2). A third reviewer resolved the discrepancies. Primary data were extracted and synthesised. Results A full-text review of 81 papers identified seven eligible papers (1996–2022, all USA), including n  = 636 participants (561 women and 75 men). Two studies focusing on multicomponent behavioural interventions showed benefit, as did one study of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation self-administered through electrode-embedded socks. Three, which included cognitively impaired people, reported improvement with toileting assistance programmes, but the effects were not all significant. Results were inconclusive from a study examining the effects of fluid intake adjustments. Interventions were delivered by nurses, three in collaboration with family caregivers. No faecal incontinence interventions met the criteria. Conclusion There is scant evidence for continence supporting interventions delivered in older people's own homes. With an ageing population often reliant on family or social care workers well-placed to support continence promotion and policy drives for services to support older people remaining at home, this evidence gap needs addressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the bidirectional relationship between trauma and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), emphasising the need for integrated treatment approaches. Trauma exposure, often associated with various psychological disorders, contributes to the high comorbidity observed in SUDs. Early childhood trauma, in particular, is linked to vulnerability in developing SUDs later in life. In response to the challenges of treating SUDs, this paper outlines emerging evidence for schema therapy as a transdiagnostic intervention. Schema therapy, an extension of cognitive behavioural therapy, targets maladaptive schemas and core beliefs by integrating cognitive, behavioural, and experiential techniques. Schema therapy recognises the role of unmet core emotional needs in the development of early maladaptive schemas, offering a holistic approach to address entrenched psychological patterns. Empirical evidence suggests a significant association between early maladaptive schemas and SUDs, highlighting the potential of schema therapy in addressing substance use. Despite limited research, studies demonstrate promising outcomes, including reductions in SUD severity and symptoms of comorbid conditions. Clinical implications include the integration of trauma screening in SUD assessments, adopting a holistic approach to treatment, and exploring schema therapy as a viable intervention through rigorous research methodologies. Ultimately, this paper highlights that the integration of schema therapy into substance use treatment programs holds promise in revolutionising the approach to SUDs, providing a nuanced and effective therapeutic intervention for individuals seeking lasting recovery and improved quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The utilization of Between‐Session Homework (BSH) holds a longstanding tradition in the field of psychotherapy. Significantly, it serves as a pivotal catalyst for change within behavioral and cognitive‐behavioral therapies, and has also garnered endorsement within psychodynamic and humanistic‐experiential therapies. While our current conceptualization of BSH is characterized by assimilation and integration, diversity prevails in how BSH is incorporated into the treatment plan, spanning various therapy stages, thus necessitating a customized therapist‐client interpersonal dynamic. Far from being a panacea, the employment of BSH emerges as a highly sophisticated and intricate clinical methodology, demanding a high degree of therapist proficiency and competence to facilitate client engagement. Methods: In this introductory paper, we present an issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session that exemplifies the diverse modalities through which BSH can be integrated into clinical practice across various client demographics and within distinct psychotherapeutic paradigms. We place specific emphasis on the pivotal role of BSH and its interplay with proposed mechanisms of change throughout the course of treatment. Results: Initially, we provide an overarching view of the subject and expound on empirical research substantiating the efficacy of BSH in psychotherapy. Subsequently, we delve into strategies for adeptly integrating and monitoring BSH within clinical practice. Conclusions: Our primary objectives encompass affording readers a more lucid comprehension of (1) the content and nature of homework; (2) the influence of BSH on treatment outcomes; and (3) the ways through which therapists can foster client engagement with BSH. Finally, we introduce the six papers comprising this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided self-help is an evidence-based intervention used globally. Self-help is a fundamental part of the stepped care model of mental health services that enables the efficient use of limited resources. Despite its importance, there is little information defining the role of the guide and the key competences required. In this context, the guide is defined as the person who facilitates and supports the use self-help materials. This article sets out the role of the guide in guided self-help. It considers practical issues such as the importance of engagement to motivate clients for early change, personalising the intervention, structuring sessions, how best to use routine outcome monitoring and supervision requirements. Key competences are proposed, including generic competences to build the relationship as well as specific competences such as being able to clearly convey the role of the guide to clients. Guides should be prepared for "self-help drift", a concept akin to therapist drift in more traditional therapies. Knowing how to identify mental health problems, use supervision and manage risk and comorbidity are all key requirements for guides. The paper concludes by calling for increased recognition and value of the role of the guide within mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although there have been qualitative meta-syntheses on experiences of eating disorders treatments, there is a paucity of syntheses specifically examining the perspectives and experiences of eating disorders treatments (ED) in East Asia (EA). Such synthesis could facilitate a better understanding of culture-specific perspectives and experiences. This review complements a quantitative scoping review published on ED treatments in EA (Yim & Schmidt, 2023), where most interventions reviewed focused on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and internet interventions. The present meta-synthesis summarises stakeholders' views on treatments and to synthesise clinical and research recommendations. Method: A systematic search of five databases and a citation search were conducted to identify relevant studies and data were analysed using thematic synthesis. Out of the 301 studies found, a total of 12 papers were included in the analysis. Results: A diverse range of treatments, such as family therapy, paediatric/psychiatric inpatient care, CBT, and counselling, were discussed. Three overarching themes were identified: Delineating Physical and Psychological Recovery; 'I am not alone in this battle'; and Barriers to Change. The themes further delve into the various obstacles to recovery, including financial concerns and limited access to professionals and services. Culture-specific factors include family obligations and promoting family harmony. Balancing interdependence and independence from one's family, as well as understanding family body ideals versus broader societal body ideals, are important considerations in ED interventions. Discussion: Some themes paralleled other qualitative syntheses, highlighting improved family relationships, perceived authoritarianism in treatments, and financial barriers. The review extends beyond the previous findings, revealing nuanced factors like family roles, cultural values, and norms. Clinical recommendations include incorporating family context in treatment and considering cultural influences on body image ideals. Capacity building through telemedicine and increased training is essential for advancing ED treatment in East Asia. Continued research is needed to better understand and treat people affected by ED in EA. Plain English Summary: Research on eating disorders (EDs) treatment mainly focuses on Western countries, with little exploration of experiences in East Asia. To fill this gap, we reviewed 12 studies on the perspectives of individuals, families and clinicians regarding EDs treatments in East Asia. Our synthesis identified three main themes: Physical and Psychological Recovery: Effective treatment needs to address both physical and mental aspects of recovery. Finding Support – 'I am not alone in this battle': Many individuals find strength in knowing they are not alone. Barriers to Change: Obstacles like financial difficulties, limited EDs knowledge from professionals, and cultural factors can hinder recovery. Cultural-specific factors such as family obligations and maintaining family harmony can impact on treatment motivation and effectiveness. Balancing family's wishes/ interdependence and personal aspirations/ independence can also be a challenge. Our findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive treatments. Expanding telemedicine and increasing provider training can also help overcome treatment barriers. In conclusion, understanding cultural and contextual factors is essential for developing effective support systems and improving ED treatment outcomes in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? What does the paper add to existing knowledge? What are the implications for practice? Introduction Aim Methods Results Discussion Implications for Practice Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevalent problem among Egyptian youth, and achieving recovery and abstinence is challenging. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), a well‐known approach, can be particularly beneficial when it addresses psychological aspects such as resilience and self‐esteem. Our research is recognized as a trailblazer in integrating a spiritual adaptation of CBT with spiritual elements for treating patients with OUD in the Egyptian context. This innovative approach marks a significant advancement in the field. The study found a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of resilience, self‐esteem, and spirituality (p < .001 each) following the spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions compared to the control group. The findings can guide psychiatrists and nurses in providing more comprehensive and effective care to patients with OUD by incorporating a spiritual adaptation of CBT with spiritual components into treatment plans. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevalent problem among Egyptian youth, and achieving recovery and abstinence is challenging. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), a well‐known approach, can be particularly beneficial when it addresses psychological aspects such as resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT in enhancing these factors among clients with OUD.A quasi‐experimental study with a control group was conducted using a pretest‐posttest design. The study included 49 clients with OUD and 46 clients in the control group. The Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale–Modified Arabic Version, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were used as measurement tools. CBT was delivered in 60‐min group sessions. After 3 months, the questionnaires were re‐administered to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions.The study found a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality (p < .001 each) following a spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions compared to the control group.A spiritual adaptation of CBT effectively enhanced resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality in clients with OUD.Understanding the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT in enhancing resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality can enable psychiatrists and nurses to provide more comprehensive and effective care to patients with OUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of the COVID‐19 pandemic, workplace wellbeing is a key priority for employers. Severe market and health conditions continue to bring inevitable problems that could be reduced with the application of psychological interventions to prevent mental and physical health issues, making this study a highly pertinent and valuable contribution to the field. This paper reports the effects of a rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) programme on the irrational beliefs and emotional reactivity of 56 office‐based sales professionals located in the northwest region of the UK. A pre‐test, post‐test experimental design was utilised, and a mixed model ANOVA (repeated measures) was adopted to assess changes in mean differences concerning irrational beliefs and emotional reactivity at pre and post‐test stages for the intervention group, in comparison to a control group. Results indicate that those in the REBT group reported significant reductions in irrational beliefs and emotional reactivity, whilst those in the control group reported no such changes. It is recommended that future research studies consider utilizing a mixed methods design and focus on a strategic collaboration of organisational and individual level interventions for improving the psychological wellbeing and performance of sales personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the Middle East was published by Kelly and colleagues in 2016. The focus of the review was to explore clinical services, educational opportunities, and published research in the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, namely the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The objective of the current paper was to provide an update on the current status of ABA and ASD in the Gulf region, with a focus on successes, challenges, and recommendations for future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Sleep problems are common among those with depression, and there is increasing evidence that sleep problems should be addressed during treatment simultaneously rather than treating depression alone.The first‐line treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I), due to a lack of well‐trained therapists and patient time constraints (travelling, work), CBT‐I has not been popularized.The development of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBT‐I) is making the treatment more accessible. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: Interventions for dCBT‐I were significantly better than other control conditions in both reducing insomnia and improving depression in patients with depression and insomnia comorbidities.The effect was found to be related to the duration of the intervention and the severity of insomnia before the intervention and therapist‐involved dCBT‐I has less shedding than self‐help. What are the implications for practice: It's important for mental health practitioners to realize that insomnia in depressed people needs to be treated.Future trials may explore the effectiveness of therapist‐guided dCBT‐I in depressed populations and analyse the cost‐effectiveness of this treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to systematically identify and synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of digital cognitive behavioural therapy in insomnia with comorbid depression. Design: Systematic review and metaanalysis. Methods: A search was conducted on five English and four non‐English databases from the inception of the databases to November 2023. This review adhered to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis Statement 2020 and the included studies were evaluated using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This review examined sleep‐related outcomes, including insomnia severity and sleep diaries, along with psychological outcomes, such as depression. We conducted a meta‐analysis of each outcome using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Results: A total of seven articles with 1864 participants were included in this review. The results showed that the digital cognitive behavioural therapy group demonstrated a statistically significant amelioration in the severity of insomnia symptoms, as well as a reduction in depressive symptomatology compared with the control groups. The post‐intervention effect was found to be related to the duration of the intervention and the severity of insomnia before the intervention. Conclusions: Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia application in patients with depression and insomnia was demonstrated to be effective, less time‐consuming and more accessible. Relevance to Clinical Practice: We may consider incorporating nurses into treatment plans and conducting nurse‐led interventions in specific programs. In the future, nurses may be able to provide exclusive digital behavioural therapy for insomnia to patients with depression to achieve greater effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The process of tailored implementation is ill-defined and under-explored. The ItFits-toolkit was developed and subsequently tested as a self-guided online platform to facilitate implementation of tailored strategies for internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) services. In ImpleMentAll, ItFits-toolkit had a small but positive effect on the primary outcome of iCBT normalisation. This paper investigates, from a qualitative perspective, how implementation teams developed and undertook tailored implementation using the toolkit within the trial. Methods: Implementation teams in thirteen sites from nine countries (Europe and Australia) used the ItFits-toolkit for six months minimum, consistent with the trial protocol. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted. Descriptive data regarding goals, barriers, strategies, and implementation plans collected within the toolkit informed qualitative data collection in real time. Qualitative data included remote longitudinal interviews (n = 55) with implementation team members (n = 30) and observations of support calls (n = 19) with study sites. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, using a team-based approach. Results: Implementation teams developed and executed tailored implementation projects across all steps in the toolkit process. Working in a structured way but with room for flexibility, decisions were shaped by team members' ideas and goals, iterative stakeholder engagement, internal and external influences, and the context of the ImpleMentAll project. Although teams reported some positive impacts of their projects, 'time', both for undertaking the work, and for seeing project impacts, was described as a key factor in decisions about implementation strategies and assessments of success. Conclusion: This study responds directly to McHugh et al.'s (2022) call for empirical description of what implementation tailoring looks like in action, in service settings. Self-guided facilitation of tailored implementation enables implementers in service settings to undertake tailoring within their organisations. Implementation tailoring takes considerable time and involves detailed work but can be supported through the provision of implementation science informed guidance and materials, iterative and ongoing stakeholder engagement, and working reflectively in response to external influencing factors. Directions for advancement of tailored implementation are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical Psychology trainees undertaking the specialised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) pathway develop robust CBT competencies and gain secondary accreditation with the British Association for Cognitive and Behavioural Psychotherapy upon qualification from doctoral training. This paper outlines final year trainees' reflections on their experience of undertaking the pathway. A COM-B model of behaviour change was adopted to consider the process of implementation and avenues for development. Overall, trainees reported being pleased to have left the doctorate with well-honed competencies in CBT. The trainees reported varied opportunities to develop skills, a significant increase in their capability, referred to multiple forms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and reported commitment to sustainable behaviour change. Issues relating to working with complexity and across the lifespan were highlighted as areas for further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping with academic demands can be challenging for university students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Treatment can help them cope and prevent related mental health issues. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial for group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), including the use of an app for CBT homework assignments, and to explore the effects of CBT for university students with ADHD. University students (n = 36) participated in the first phase of the study, involving the design of an app to present CBT homework assignments, by evaluating prototypes of the app along with the development team. In the second phase, a pre- vs. post-test design was used. Students with ADHD (n = 7) were offered manual-based CBT once a week for 6 weeks using the app or a paper manual to do the homework, as preferred. University students who took part in the development of the app noted that they would rather use the app than a printed manual. On the other hand, participants in the CBT feasibility study preferred doing homework on paper rather than using the developed app. They all found group CBT and the key elements in the CBT manual helpful. The findings suggest that providing group CBT for university students with ADHD through 6 sessions is feasible and assessing its effects in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is feasible. Such treatment might improve coping with ADHD symptoms and related mental health issues. Further studies on the development of an app supporting CBT are needed. Trial registration Registry name: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for University Students with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). URL: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov. Registration number: NCT 04714866. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With a historic lack of attention to synthesis methods such as systematic review and meta-analysis and a lack of randomised controlled trials, the evidence base for behavioural interventions for children and adults who are autistic or are diagnosed with developmental disabilities is patchy. The Sharland Foundation Developmental Disabilities Applied Behavioural Research and Impact Network (SF-DDARIN), a network of like-minded researchers and practitioners across the UK, aims to address this. The purpose of this paper is to describe the network's work and provide the context for the remaining articles in the special issue that exemplify network projects. Design/methodology/approach: In this case study paper, the authors describe how the SF-DDARIN works and is resourced, detailing the process used to maximise research opportunities by facilitating network members working together. The authors outline the progressive research steps that the SF-DDARIN has identified are needed to develop and improve the evidence base for behavioural interventions systematically and, with examples, describe how the network delivers these steps. Findings: Since its establishment in 2016, the SF-DDARIN network members have collectively worked on more than 53 projects involving over 50 researchers, had over 120 special schools contribute to projects and have recruited over 500 participants. This has been achieved through funding from the Sharland Foundation, primarily to cover the staffing costs of a small support team and internship partnerships with external organisations. Some projects have attracted external funding. Originality/value: SF-DDARIN may provide an innovative, effective and resource-efficient model for other groups seeking to develop and extend their evidence base in developmental disability research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionThe present paper focuses on therapist responsiveness during the initial therapy session with clients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), aiming to analyze therapist responsiveness at short intervals during the initial session and determine if it can predict therapeutic alliance from both therapist and client viewpoints.A sample of 47 clients participated in the study for 10 sessions of therapy. Therapeutic alliance from therapists’ and clients’ perspectives was rated after each session; external raters assessed therapist responsiveness during the initial session. Multiple linear regression models and linear mixed models with backward variable selection based on AIC were run to analyze whether specific therapist behaviors during session one predicted therapeutic alliance rated from therapists’ and clients’ perspectives.The results indicate that therapists normalizing and validating clients’ experiences during the first session are crucial for establishing therapeutic alliance for BPD clients; however, for therapists, the increase in variability of emotions verbalized by clients during the initial session negatively impacts therapeutic alliance.The study contributes to further understand the impact of therapists’ behavior at the beginning of therapy with BPD clients. Therapist responsiveness is crucial for therapy outcome but is methodologically challenging; therefore, efforts in this direction should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a direct response to a recent article in this journal by Gass et al. (CASW 39: 291–302) in which the authors describe an "ethical" model for the involuntary transport of youth into Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare programs, often synonymously referred to as wilderness therapy in the literature. These authors suggest that international law supports involuntary transport and that their approach is research-based, trauma-informed, ethical, and does not interfere with client outcomes. We believe each of these claims to be in error: The international laws cited include strict rules about involuntary transport, professional codes of ethics forbid all but exceptional uses of force, and there is a large literature on the harms of involuntary transport and admission that appears to be ignored. We suggest that involuntary transport is almost always contraindicated for wilderness therapy and this practice is a symptom of what has been called the "troubled teen industry." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We compared dissociative seizure specific cognitive behavior therapy (DS-CBT) plus standardized medical care (SMC) to SMC alone in a randomized controlled trial. DS-CBT resulted in better outcomes on several secondary trial outcome measures at the 12-month follow-up point. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate putative treatment mechanisms. Methods: We carried out a secondary mediation analysis of the CODES trial. 368 participants were recruited from the National Health Service in secondary / tertiary care in England, Scotland, and Wales. Sixteen mediation hypotheses corresponding to combinations of important trial outcomes and putative mediators were assessed. Twelve-month trial outcomes considered were final-month seizure frequency, Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the SF-12v2, a quality-of-life measure providing physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Mediators chosen for analysis at six months (broadly corresponding to completion of DS-CBT) included: (a) beliefs about emotions, (b) a measure of avoidance behavior, (c) anxiety and (d) depression. Results: All putative mediator variables except beliefs about emotions were found to be improved by DS-CBT. We found evidence for DS-CBT effect mediation for the outcome variables dissociative seizures (DS), WSAS and SF-12v2 MCS scores by improvements in target variables avoidance behavior, anxiety, and depression. The only variable to mediate the DS-CBT effect on the SF-12v2 PCS score was avoidance behavior. Conclusions: Our findings largely confirmed the logic model underlying the development of CBT for patients with DS. Interventions could be additionally developed to specifically address beliefs about emotions to assess whether it improves outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-specific cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for IBD patients with poor quality of life (QoL), anxiety and depression, in four hospitals in the Netherlands. Treatment outcomes were compared with those of a previously published randomized control trial (RCT) of 'IBD-specific CBT', following a benchmark strategy. Primary outcome was IBD-specific QoL (IBDQ) completed before and after CBT, secondary outcomes were anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS, CES-D). Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a pilot of gastroenterologists, nurse specialists and psychologists to evaluate 'IBD-specific CBT'. 94 patients started treatment (280 screened). At follow-up, 63 participants (67% compared to 81% in the RCT benchmark) completed the IBDQ. Treatment effect sizes of the implementation study were comparable and slightly larger than those of RCT benchmark. Gastroenterologists, IBD nurses and psychologists found CBT necessary for IBD patients with poor QoL, depression and/or anxiety disorders. 'IBD-specific CBT' can be successfully implemented. Regular supervision of psychologists performing 'IBD-specific CBT' treatment is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental health condition characterized by distressing, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety. Internet‐based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various mental health disorders. This meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy of guided self‐help ICBT (GSH ICBT) and unguided self‐help ICBT (SH ICBT) against active and passive control conditions in adults with OCD. A comprehensive systematic literature search yielded 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 15 comparison arms (N = 1416) that met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that GSH ICBT significantly reduced OCD symptomatology posttreatment compared to active controls (g = 0.378, k = 9), with no significant effects maintained at follow‐up (g = 0.153, k = 4). GSH ICBT was also found to be as effective as active CBT interventions in reducing comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms posttreatment (g = 0.278, k = 6) and at follow‐up (g = 0.124, k = 4). However, improvements in quality of life were not significant posttreatment (g = 0.115, k = 4) nor at follow‐up (g = 0.179, k = 3). Combined GSH and SH ICBT demonstrated large effects on reducing OCD symptoms (g = 0.754, k = 6), medium effects on comorbid symptoms (g = 0.547, k = 6) and small effects on quality of life (g = 0.227, k = 2) when compared to inactive controls. No significant differences were found between GSH and SH ICBT in all measured outcomes posttreatment (OCD: g = 0.098, k = 3; AD: g = 0.070, k = 3; QoL: g = −0.030, k = 1) and at follow‐up (OCD: g = 0.265, k = 2; AD: g = 0.084, k = 2; QoL: g = 0.00, k = 1). Sample size was identified as a significant moderator of treatment effects. This paper further explores clinical significance, treatment adherence, therapist time investment and moderator influences of the ICBT. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are thoroughly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Almost no research has been published reporting on evaluations of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities and depression. This paper describes the development and initial feasibility testing of an adapted Behavioural Activation therapy (BeatIt2) for this population. Method: Phase 1 of the study examined participant recruitment and willingness to be randomised in the context of a planned Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). Phase 2 examined the feasibility of delivering the intervention. Results: Twenty adults with a severe or profound intellectual disability and clinically significant depression were recruited to Phase 1 of the study. In Phase 2, there was 100% participant retention for those recruited to the study at 6‐month follow‐up. The BeatIt2 therapy was reported to be acceptable for participants. Conclusion: COVID disruption meant that it was not possible to complete the planned feasibility RCT. The positive findings suggest that additional evaluation of BeatIt2 is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia, impacting 6-10% of the global population, is a multifaceted challenge to health and productivity. Chronic insomnia, linked to various health issues, demands comprehensive management. Traditional pharmacotherapies, effective yet raising dependency concerns, contrast with the nonpharmacological alternative, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), addressing root causes. This paper explores diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and patient education in insomnia management, incorporating keywords like behavioral therapy, chronic insomnia, and general sleep disturbances. Discussion emphasizes the evolving landscape, where behavioral interventions, notably CBT-I, demonstrate lasting efficacy, urging a shift towards personalized and comprehensive solutions. Societal consequences, including reduced productivity, underscore the imperative for effective, diversified approaches beyond traditional medications. The intricate challenges of insomnia necessitate a nuanced, individualized approach, with behavioral therapies as pivotal components, aligning with keywords such as non-pharmacological therapy and pharmacological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia, impacting 6-10% of the global population, is a multifaceted challenge to health and productivity. Chronic insomnia, linked to various health issues, demands comprehensive management. Traditional pharmacotherapies, effective yet raising dependency concerns, contrast with the non-pharmacological alternative, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), addressing root causes. This paper explores diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and patient education in insomnia management, incorporating keywords like behavioral therapy, chronic insomnia, and general sleep disturbances. Discussion emphasizes the evolving landscape, where behavioral interventions, notably CBT-I, demonstrate lasting efficacy, urging a shift towards personalized and comprehensive solutions. Societal consequences, including reduced productivity, underscore the imperative for effective, diversified approaches beyond traditional medications. The intricate challenges of insomnia necessitate a nuanced, individualized approach, with behavioral therapies as pivotal components, aligning with keywords such as non-pharmacological therapy and pharmacological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the results of the Improving Mood with Psychoanalytic and Cognitive Therapies (IMPACT) study and its implications for psychological treatment of adolescents with moderate to severe unipolar major depression. IMPACT was a pragmatic, superiority, randomized controlled trial conducted in the United Kingdom, which compared the clinical and cost-effectiveness of short-term psychoanalytic therapy (STPP), cognitive−behavioral therapy (CBT), and a brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) in reducing depression symptoms in 465 adolescents with unipolar major depression, aged 11 to 17 years. Although this was a clinically heterogeneous group of adolescents, some symptoms (eg, sleep and concentration difficulties, irritability/anger) were common and disabling. The trial reported no significant difference among the 3 treatments in reducing depression symptoms. One year after treatment, 84% of participants showed improvement in depressive symptoms (<50% of baseline symptoms) and improved psychosocial functioning, achieving this through different symptom reduction trajectories. Although participants attended fewer treatment sessions than planned, the 3 treatments were delivered with fidelity to their respective models. Ending treatment without therapist agreement occurred in 37% of cases. This was not associated with outcomes by treatment group. Adolescents emphasized the importance of the therapeutic relationship in all 3 treatments. Results suggest that although most adolescents respond to time-limited, structured psychological therapy, subgroups of depressed adolescents are likely to need additional treatment or support. These include adolescents who live in complex circumstances and/or who believe that their needs are not met in therapy, some who stop treatment early, and the 16% to 18% of adolescents who do not respond to treatment. Improving Mood and Preventing Relapse With Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy; https://www.isrctn.com ; ISRCTN83033550. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast majority of individuals with Rett syndrome do not utilize natural speech and therefore require alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the use of high- and low-tech AAC modalities by three individuals with Rett syndrome given similar instruction for using both modalities. For all participants, the number of sessions to criterion and cumulative number of trials with independent requests during simultaneous or alternating instruction in the use of a high- and low-tech AAC modality were investigated. Parents conducted all sessions with remote coaching from a research assistant via telecommunication. Each participant exhibited idiosyncratic response patterns in terms of use of their high- and low-tech AAC modalities during instruction but ultimately demonstrated the ability to use both modalities to make requests. Implications for future research and practice pertaining to AAC of individuals with complex communication needs are discussed. This paper is a companion to Girtler et al. (2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (LICBT) has been recommended as a primary intervention in the tiered care for mild to moderate generalised anxiety disorder. However, LICBT for generalised anxiety disorder are markedly diverse and efficacy data on various outcomes have not been systematically reviewed. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesise effect sizes of three NICE-recommended LICBT for generalised anxiety disorder: non-facilitated self-help, guided self-help, and psychoeducational groups. Methods: A systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining LICBT for generalised anxiety disorder in the last 23 years (2000–2023) was conducted. Efficacy data for anxiety, depression, and worry outcomes were separately meta-analysed. The study was reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: The systematic review identified 12 RCTs out of 1205 papers. The three meta-analyses consisted of 12 (anxiety), 11 (depression), and 9 (worry) effect sizes respectively, including total sample sizes of 1201 (anxiety), 1164 (depression), and 908 (worry). The adjusted effect sizes for reductions in anxiety (g = -0.63), depression (g = -0.48), and worry (g = -0.64) were all in the medium range, favouring LICBT over control conditions. Between-study heterogeneity was significant on anxiety and worry, with no specific moderators identified by meta-regression. Conclusions: LICBT has shown promise as an effective and efficient treatment modality for individuals with generalised anxiety disorder. Future research comparing various LICBT subtypes and treatment components will further inform clinical practice. Trial registration: This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; record ID CRD42021285590). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evidence-informed decision-making is considered best practice when choosing interventions in applied settings across health, social care and education. Developing that evidence base, however, is not straightforward. The pupose of this paper is to describe the process implemented by the Sharland Foundation Developmental Disabilities Applied Behavioural Research and Impact Network (SF-DDARIN) that systematically develops an evidence base for behaviorally based interventions. Design/methodology/approach: In this case study, the progressive research steps undertaken by the SF-DDARIN to develop the evidence base for an online reading intervention, the Headsprout® Early Reading programme (HER®), which uses behavioural principles to promote learning to read, are described. Findings: A series of discrete projects targeting gaps in the evidence base for HER® led to funding two randomised controlled trials in England, one in education and one in health and social care. Originality/value: This case study illustrates an original, creative and effective way of collaborating across academic research departments and applied settings to extend the evidence base for a chosen intervention systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to offer a commentary on Denne et al.'s (2024) article discussing the journey undertaken by the Sharland Foundation Developmental Disabilities Applied Behavioural Research and Impact Network to augment evidence surrounding the efficacy of the online Headsprout® Early Reading programme. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from over 15 years of professional experience as a qualified teacher in special education settings, the author reflects on the network's approach and its alignment with their own expertise. Findings: While acknowledging the commendable focus of the network on amassing additional evidence, this commentary underscores the importance of identifying barriers and fostering adaptability within the educational landscape. Central to the discussion is the imperative to prioritise students' needs and tailor data collection methods to suit their unique contexts. Originality/value: This commentary is aimed at professionals working in special education settings striving to improve their practice and student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurogenetic syndrome that results in significant challenges in the school setting, often requiring a myriad of academic, social-emotional, and behavioral supports to maintain health and safety and academic success. This paper provides a primer for school psychologists, introducing the physiological, educational, and behavioral differences experienced by children with PWS. As the symptoms of PWS are widespread, the impacts of common physical and neurological differences on specific learning abilities, adaptive skills, and overall functioning in the classroom setting are discussed in detail. While PWS is a spectrum, and each child will experience symptoms and challenges differently, this article aims to provide a foundation for the development and facilitation of support services to assist educators in not only maintaining the health and safety of their students with PWS, but also in capitalizing on their strengths, and building a plan to help them succeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of adults suffering from alcohol use disorders (AUD) do not receive treatment. To address this gap in care, we must develop new models to increase identification, engagement and delivery of accessible and effective treatment. This paper describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing a novel telehealth treatment model for primary care patients with untreated AUD. We aim to recruit 300 adults across 2 healthcare systems for this two-arm RCT. Participants, initially identified for recruitment based on AUD-related indicators in their electronic health record (EHR), are RCT-eligible if they meet AUD criteria (mild, moderate, severe), report ≥ 3 drinking days/week in past 30 days, and have not received AUD psychotherapy in the past 90 days. Participants are randomized to an intervention or enhanced usual care control (EUC) condition, both individually-delivered. The intervention includes a telephone-delivered motivational interviewing (MI) engagement session and 8 sessions of MI-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MI-CBT). EUC involves AUD psychoeducation, advice to reduce drinking and seek treatment, and provision of community resources. Outcomes will be measured at 3-, 6-, and 12-months; primary outcomes include: AUD psychotherapy initiation and engagement (within the study and external community) and alcohol consumption (percent drinking days and heavy drinking days). This study addresses whether proactive patient identification and engagement and delivery of patient-centered telehealth psychotherapy to patients with untreated AUD is effective in increasing treatment use and improving alcohol outcomes. If effective, this could be a highly scalable model for reducing the public health impact of AUD. ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT05410561. University of Michigan HUM00204315. Ann Arbor VA IRB #1655886. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. opioid overdose crisis persists. Outpatient behavioral health services (BHS) are essential components of a comprehensive response to opioid use disorder and overdose fatalities. The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term® (HEALing) Communities Study developed the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention to reduce opioid overdose deaths in 67 communities in Kentucky, Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts through the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs), including BHS. This paper compares the rate of individuals receiving outpatient BHS in Wave 1 intervention communities (n = 34) to waitlisted Wave 2 communities (n = 33). Medicaid data included individuals ≥18 years of age receiving any of five BHS categories: intensive outpatient, outpatient, case management, peer support, and case management or peer support. Negative binomial regression models estimated the rate of receiving each BHS for Wave 1 and Wave 2. Effect modification analyses evaluated changes in the effect of the CTH intervention between Wave 1 and Wave 2 by research site, rurality, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. No significant differences were detected between intervention and waitlisted communities in the rate of individuals receiving any of the five BHS categories. None of the interaction effects used to test the effect modification were significant. Several factors should be considered when interpreting results—no significant intervention effects were observed through Medicaid claims data, the best available data source but limited in terms of capturing individuals reached by the intervention. Also, the 12-month evaluation window may have been too brief to see improved outcomes considering the time required to stand-up BHS. Clinical Trials.gov http://www.clinicaltrials.gov : Identifier: NCT04111939 • Evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths implemented in 67 communities. • Outpatient behavioral health services are key element of opioid addiction treatment. • Similar receipt of behavioral services in control and intervention communities. • More research needed to test the impact of comprehensive, community-driven interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]