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The present study examined genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental pathways in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety and depressive symptoms from parents to early adolescents (when these symptoms start to increase), while considering timing effects of exposure to parent anxiety and depressive symptoms postnatally. The sample was from the Early Growth and Development Study, including 561 adopted children (57% male, 55% White, 13% Black/African American, 11% Hispanic/Latine, 20% multiracial, 1% other; 407 provided data in early adolescence) and their birth (BP) and adoptive parents (AP). Using a trait–state–occasion model with eight assessments from child ages 9 months to 11 years, we partitioned trait-like AP anxiety and depressive symptoms from time-specific fluctuations of AP anxiety and depressive symptoms. Offspring anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed at 11 years (while controlling for similar symptoms at 4.5 years). Results suggested that time-specific fluctuations of AP1 (mostly mothers) anxiety/depressive symptoms in infancy (9 months) were indirectly associated with offspring anxiety/depressive symptoms at 11 years via offspring anxiety/depressive symptoms at 4.5 years; time-specific fluctuations of AP1 anxiety/depressive symptoms at child age 11 years were concurrently associated with offspring anxiety/depressive symptoms at 11 years. AP2 (mostly fathers) anxiety/depressive symptoms were not associated with offspring symptoms. Genetic and prenatal influences measured by BP internalizing problems were not associated with offspring symptoms. Results suggested infancy and early adolescence as developmental periods when children are susceptible to influences of parent anxiety and depressive symptoms. Preventive interventions should consider time-specific fluctuations in parent anxiety and depressive symptoms during these developmental periods. Public Significance Statement: Anxiety and depressive symptoms run in families mainly through environmental influences. We found that time-specific fluctuations of adoptive parent (mostly mothers) anxiety and depressive symptoms during infancy and early adolescence were associated with early adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms. Programs aimed at preventing anxiety and depressive symptoms during early adolescence could screen for time-specific fluctuations of parent (mainly mothers) anxiety and depressive symptoms during infancy and early adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which compared the prevalence of commonly screened infections in internationally adopted children as a distinct population seen at an international adoption clinic (IAC) by region of adoption. Topics discussed include demographics and testing results by region, overall rate of positive tuberculosis screening, and the decline in the number of children adopted from other countries since the global pandemic.