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To observe the effects of jianpi yishen huoxue decoction combine with dapagliflozin on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). 120 DN patients who were admitted to Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to March 2023 were divided into control group (60 cases, treated with dapagliflozin on the basis of routine treatment ) and study group (60 cases, treated with jianpi yishen huoxue decoction on the basis of control group) according to the random number table method.The efficacy, inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP)], renal function [serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UACR)], oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and serum AGEs, NGAL, MCP-1 levels were compared between two groups, and the occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment was observed. The total clinical effective rate in study group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Scr、BUN and UACRdecreased in two groups 2 courses after treatment, and study group were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). CRP, TNF-α and IL-1β in two groups decreased 2 courses after treatment, and study group were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). MDA decreased in two groups 2 courses after treatment, and study group was lower than that of control group. SOD increased, and study group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). NGAL, AGEs and MCP-1 decreased in two groups 2 courses after treatment, and study group were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05). Jianpi yishen huoxue decoction combine with dapagliflozin can effectively reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in DN patients, and regulate the levels of serum AGEs, NGAL and MCP-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are stable aggregates at the molecular level, consisting of several to hundreds of metal atoms bound together by physical or chemical interaction. These nanoclusters exhibit unique physicochemical properties that have garnered significant attention in various fields, including biology, catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery. In the field of catalytic reactions, atomically precise metal nanoclusters have acted as an archetypical model for elucidating the structural evolution and structure-property relationship of nanomaterials. However, due to the factors such as the uncertainty of the growth mechanism, the complexity of the crystallization process, and the inherent poor stability, the cluster research faces some challenges in the precise synthesis, structural analysis as well as the comprehension of catalytic reaction mechanism which hinder the full exploration and understanding of these fascinating properties of clusters. Recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a crucial tool in biomolecular analysis and the detection of organic reaction intermediates due to its high sensitivity, high resolution, and fast response. In cluster chemistry, the researchers have also introduced this technique into the study of metal nanoclusters with precise atomic numbers, which have played an important role in the synthesis of clusters and the analysis of their structures as well as reaction mechanisms. The ion source, as the "heart" of the MS, can ionize the analyte and then be detected by MS. Currently, the main ionization methods used for cluster analysis are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). These two "soft" ionization techniques can obtain the quasi-molecular ion peaks of the clusters without destroying the structure of the clusters, thus determining the composition of the clusters. In addition, MS enables real-time characterization of the reaction process in solution, allowing for online monitoring of complex reaction components, providing an experimental basis for synthesis processes and catalytic reaction mechanisms of metal clusters. Notably, gas-phase ion-molecule reactions can provide catalytic primitive steps and reaction kinetics enabling in-depth analysis of microscopic reaction mechanisms at a strictly molecular level. For the structural characterization of clusters, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with quantum chemical calculation provides a powerful tool to study and understand the structural evolutions of clusters. By comparing and verifying the experimental and computational results, the correlation between the catalyst structure and its performance can be established, deepening our understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanism and process. This paper was focused on the latest development of soft ionization MS in monitoring intermediates of cluster synthesis, structure analysis, and catalytic reaction mechanism, and the emerging directions in this fascinating area of research were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　探讨RS402007基因多态性对脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块易损性及降脂疗效的影响。方法　选 取114例脑梗死患者, 根据颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况分为稳定斑块组56例和易损斑块组58例。比较两组临床及血 液生化指标, RS402007（G/C）位点基因型及等位基因频率, 观察不同基因型患者阿托伐他汀降脂疗效。结果　两组治 疗前血清LDL-C, TC水平以及GG, GC, CC基因型构成差异有统计学意义（P均<0. 05）。与治疗前比较, GG, GC, CC 基因型患者治疗后血清LDL-C, TG, TC水平降低, HDL-C水平升高（P均<0. 05）；治疗后比较, CC基因型患者血脂水平 与GG基因型, CC基因型患者差异有统计学意义（P均<0. 05）。GG, GC, CC基因型患者降脂治疗有效率分别分别为 80. 65%, 84. 62%, 88. 64%。CC基因型患者有效率高于GG基因型, CC基因型患者（P均<0. 05）。结论 RS402007基因 多态性与颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块易损性相关且对药物的降脂疗效有一定影响。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relation of self-injury behavior to thyroid hormones and lipids in adolescent patients with depression. Methods: A total of 182 adolescent inpatients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) were enrolled, including 38 cases with self-injurious behavior and 144 cases without self-injurious. The differences in various indicators between the two groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors related to self-injury in adolescents with depression. Results: The patients with self-injurious behavior had higher levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to those without self-injurious behavior (P<0.05). They also had lower levels of free thyroxine compared to the group without self-injurious behavior (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that those with longer duration of disease (OR = 1.03) and higher HDL-C levels (OR = 12.75) were more likely to have self-injurious behaviors. Conclusion: Long duration of disease and high level of HDL-C may be risk factors for self-injurious behavior in adolescents with depression, while low level of free thyroxine may serve as a protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the plane waveultra soft pseudopotential method of density functional theory (DFT), the electronic structures and optical properties of intrinsic AIN, CAIN, Na - AIN and C-Na- AIN were calculated. It is concluded that after doping, lattice distortion occurs in each system compared with intrinsic AIN, and the binding energy of C - Na-AIN system is the smallest and the system is the most stable. Compared with the intrinsic AIN, the band gap width of the doped system decreases to varying degrees, resulting in an increase in the probability of electron transition in the system, especially in the C-Na- AIN system, which requires less energy for electron transition. After doping, the absorption band edge has a red shift, which widens the response range of AIN system to light and enhances the light absorption. Moreover, C-Na- AIN system has the strongest light absorption ability in the visible light region. From the analysis of dielectric function diagram, it can be seen that C-Na-AIN system has the largest dielectric constant, indicating that its charge binding ability is the strongest, the stability of the system is strong, and the polarization ability is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on higher agricultural and forestry education, we have explored and practiced the teaching of organic chemistry course from aspects such as teaching cases, teaching methods, and teacher team building. The teaching practice has shown that it has stimulated students’ interest in learning, broadened their horizons, and helped them appreciate the charm of frontier research in organic chemistry (especially the cross-integration with agricultural science). It has also cultivated students’ cultural literacy, professional competence, and scientific literacy, shaping their passion for agriculture and the country. The teaching approach has achieved the integration of knowledge imparting, competence development, and value-oriented guidance, effectively addressing the issue of incomplete alignment between public basic courses and professional education needs. It has fully played the role of the course in the cultivation of agricultural science talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system, and various subsets of astrocytes are heterogeneous, performing a variety of special functions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology developed in recent years has extended our understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity from the perspective of transcriptome profiling. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the heterogeneity of scRNA-seq technology in different time and space, and pathological states and expand our knowledge of astrocyte heterogeneity on both molecular and functional levels. METHODS: The relevant articles on astrocyte heterogeneity and scRNA-seq were searched on PubMed, Elsevier, and CNKI databases. The search terms were “astrocytes, scRNA-seq, heterogeneity, Alzheimer disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis” in Chinese and English. Finally, 74 articles were selected for viewing after screening according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: scRNA-seq studies related to the heterogeneity of astrocytes have shown that astrocyte is significantly heterogeneous across four aspects: species, developmental stage, central nervous system region, and pathological state. (1) Unique expression of certain genes occurs in astrocytes of different species, and the discovery of species-specific genes is beneficial for the translation of clinical studies. (2) During astrocyte development, differential gene expression emerged in the cellular subtypes identified at each stage, which further refined the cellular lineage of astrocytes and laid the foundation for the study of astrocyte developmental trajectories and mechanisms. (3) The discovery of differential gene expression allows regional localization of different astrocyte subpopulations and assists in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. (4) Astrocyte heterogeneity revealed by scRNA-seq can provide specific markers at the time of disease diagnosis and identify potential therapeutic targets. (5) The heterogeneity of astrocytes exists in many aspects, interacts with each other and is complex. The mechanisms of its generation, maintenance and transformation remain unclear. At present, molecular research on the single-cell level is still lacking. Linking transcriptionally defined astrocyte subpopulations to cellular activity, behavior and disease markers in real time remains one of the great challenges in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Abstract] Objective: To understand the basic information such as age, job title, and education of rehabilitation therapists in the Grade III public psychiatric hospitals in China, and provide fundamental data for the construction of the mental health rehabilitation talent team. Methods: The staffing of rehabilitation therapists in 43 Grade III public psychiatric hospitals in eastern, central, and western regions of China were investigated. The age, education, job title, professional relevance and inter-regional differences of the rehabilitation therapists were statistically analyzed. Results: There were 197 rehabilitation therapists in 43 hospitals surveyed. The age distribution was mainly in 20-30 and 30-40 years old with a bachelor's degree and junior, and more than half of the personnel had their first academy degree related to the rehabilitation profession. The differences in age, education, job title were statistically significant in the eastern, central and western regions. Conclusion: The overall quality of the rehabilitation therapists in China's Grade III public psychiatric hospitals is relatively high, and the age structure is reasonable. However, the proportion of senior professional titles is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on talent training and the establishment of promotion systems in the future, in order to improve the professional development space and level of the entire industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]