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Slowly sinking small particles in surface seawater are proven to be one of the major contributors to the mesopelagic carbon flux. Phytoplankton can respond rapidly to changes in the marine environment, so assessing the efficiency of their downward export can better constrain the relationship between carbon biomass and sinking fluxes. Here, we measured the sinking rates of individual phytoplankton (φindiv) after being subjected to Luzon cold eddy (LCE), warm eddy (WE) and spring warm pool (SWP), and explored the main influencing factors affecting cell sinking. The φindiv in the euphotic zone of the central South China Sea (ceSCS) was measured using the SETCOL method during the inter-monsoon period in April 2017. Diatoms (mainly rod-shaped) were sinking faster under the influence of SWP, with the highest carbon fluxes in the surface layer; WE leading to slow sinking of dinoflagellates, rapid sinking of cyanobacteria and a significant reduction in the number of phytoplankton species; diatoms sinking slowly due to the LCE. The φindiv of cylinder-shaped and rhombus-shaped cells in diatoms and fusiform-shaped and ellipsoid-shaped cells in dinoflagellates were significantly modulated by cell size. The setae structure of Chaetoceros can modulate the sinking behavior well in different environments. Our results indicate that in the open ocean, the shape and size of cells, the unique ecological niches of different species, and the original localization of cells are essential for the modulation of sinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tirzepatide is a novel hypoglycemic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the pathophysiology of T2DM in Asians is different from that in non-Asians, and there is no evidence to explain the differences in the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide between different races. Methods: A literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and Embase databases for clinical studies of tirzepatide for T2DM. The data extraction process was done independently by two authors. All analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 software and Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: A total of 2118 patients with T2DM from 6 studies were involved, with doses of tirzepatide ranging from 5 to 15 mg administered subcutaneously once weekly. The results showed that compared with control/placebo, tirzepatide was more effective in decreasing fasting blood glucose (FBG) in non-Asians than in Asians, and 10 mg rather than 15 mg was the optimal dose to decrease FBG. Similarly, non-Asians were more effective than Asians in improving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Asians were significantly more effective than non-Asians in reducing body weight and ≥ 5% weight loss. In terms of adverse events, the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was higher in Asians than in non-Asians at the same dose, while the incidence of metabolic and nutrition disorders was higher in non-Asians than in Asians. Conclusion: Tirzepatide is a novel agent for the treatment of diabetes and has different efficacy in Asians and non-Asians. Asians were more likely to experience weight loss and gastrointestinal adverse events, whereas non-Asians were more likely to have better glycemic control and more metabolic and nutritional disorders. Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023489588. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction to an article titled "Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Asians and Non-Asians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." The correction states that the affiliation for the first author, Yuying Cui, was incorrect and should be "First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China." The original article has been corrected and is available online. [Extracted from the article]