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The fabrication of SrFe 12 O 19 ferrite powders with good magnetic properties is a key process in the industrial production of permanent magnets. Remanence and coercivity of the powders was seriously decreased due to the generation of surface lattice defects produced during the crushing of pre-sintered ferrite powders. And the traditionally applied high-temperature annealing above 800 °C can only partially restore the magnetic properties. In this work, the effects of types, adding mode and contents of surfactant (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, triethanolamine) on the magnetic properties of crushed powders of the pre-sintered SrFe 12 O 19 ferrite under a low-temperature annealing of 400 °C process were systematically explored. The results showed that surfactants are beneficial to restore or even enhance the magnetic properties of the crushed powders compared with the pre-sintered ferrite due to the refinement of the particles and repairing the surface defects. The surfactant-assisted low-temperature annealing process proposed in this work will promote the commercial production of high performance ferrite powders and ferrite magnets, which can also effectively reduce the production energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon spheres decorated with SnS 2 nanosheets were assembled using common reagents and a simple solvothermal method. • SnS 2 @CS composite was used as counter electrode for DSSC. • The DSSC using SnS 2 @CS composite CE yielded a high average PCE value of 7.12%. In order to utilize the synergistic effect of SnS 2 and CS and further improve the electrochemical performance of SnS 2 , We prepared monodisperse SnS 2 @CS composite using common reagents and a simple solvothermal method, and studied its electrochemical performance as counter electrode (CE) of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). During the preparation process, glucose was used as the carbon source, thioacetamide as the reducing agent and sulfur source, and SnS 2 @CS composite with a shell structure was finally obtained. The results indicate that, compared to SnS 2 , the electrocatalytic performance of SnS 2 @CS composite has significantly improved. The DSSC using SnS 2 @CS composite CE yielded a high average PCE value of 7.12%, which is significantly higher than that of DSSC based on SnS 2 ′s CE (just 5.59%). The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the addition of carbon spheres, which can improve the conductivity and increase the number of active catalytic sites on the SnS 2 @CS CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate acute rejection of heart transplantation. • TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate the production of alloreactive γδT17 cells. • TLR2 signalling pathway regulates the production of γδT17 cells by regulating the function of DCs to secrete IL-1β. Homograft rejection is the main cause of heart transplantation failure. The role of TLR2, a major member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, in transplantation rejection is has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used a mouse model of acute cardiac transplantation rejection to investigate whether the TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate cardiac transplantation rejection by regulating alloreactive IL-17+γδT (γδT17) cells. We found that the expression of TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages increased during acute transplantation rejection. In addition, our investigation revealed that γδT17 cells exert a significant influence on acute cardiac transplantation rejection. TLR2 gene knockout resulted in an increase in alloreactive γδT17 cells in the spleen and heart grafts of recipient mice compared with wild-type recipient mice and an increase in the mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-1β, CCR6, and CCL20 in the heart grafts. In an in vitro experiment, a mixed lymphocyte reaction was conducted to assess the impact of TLR2 deficiency on the generation of γδT17 cells, which further substantiated a significant increase compared to that in wild-type controls. Furthermore, the mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that TLR2 regulated the production of γδT17 cells by regulating the ability of DCs to secrete IL-1β. These results suggest that TLR2 signalling is important for regulating the generation of γδT17 cells after cardiac allograft transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quenching influence the magnetic properties and OER performance. • Combine crystal field and magnetic field to regulate spin configuration. • Magnetic field promote the electron spin transfer and reduce the kinetic barrier. The utilization of magnetic field to enhance electrocatalytic activity has become an effective strategy garnering significant attention in the field of electrocatalysis. Herein, we employ a combination of electrospinning and quenching techniques to successfully synthesize high-entropy oxide (HEO) (FeCoNiCrMn) 3 O 4. The HEO exhibited ferromagnetic properties and further increased the saturation magnetization after the quenching process, primarily due to temperature-mediated magnetic exchange interactions. The OER performance is significantly improved by employing a ferromagnetic ordered catalyst as a spin polarizer in the presence of a magnetic field. The introduction of an exterior magnetic field (∼130 mT) significantly improved the OER performance of HEO-LN (HEO quenching in liquid nitrogen), reducing the overpotential by 39.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2. The improved OER performance is due to the presence of the magnetic field-enhanced electron spin polarization, reducing electron repulsion and enhancing orbital hybridization. These findings not only provide crucial insights into understanding reactions involving magnetic field-induced electrochemistry but also contribute to the rational design of electrocatalysts with magnetic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of superconductor integrated circuits (SCIC) places increasing demands on electronic design automation (EDA) tools. Circuit simulation is a crucial step in the design process of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) and single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits. Over the years, there have been many SC circuit simulators, like JSPICE, JSIM, WRspice, JoSIM, PSCAN2, JSICsim, PrimeSim HSPICE, Spectre, and more. The previous studies have compared the differences in results among some simulators for the same circuit cases. However, designers of SC circuits still face challenges when choosing simulators and setting simulation parameters. The performance of these simulators lacks comprehensive and quantitative evaluations to date. To evaluate the performance of the simulators, we focused on three aspects: the differences among the IV results, accuracy, and speed. For characterizing the accuracy of the simulators, we proposed a method that uses the relative error between the numerical and analytical solutions at the L - C resonance point on the IV curve of a dc SQUID. In this article, we have selected five representative simulators JoSIM, JSIM, WRspice, PSCAN2, and JSICsim for our study. By using multiple cases of the bare and coupled dc SQUID, multiple IV curves, and the analytical solution as a reference, we comprehensively compared the performance of these simulators. Additionally, we quantitatively examined the impact of two key simulation parameters, namely, the maximum allowed simulation timestep (max timestep) and relative tolerance (RelTol), on the performance of these simulators. Our results show that the normalized voltage differences in the IV curves of different simulators are relatively small (within 0.06) in regions far from the L - C resonance point, while they increase significantly near the L - C resonance point (maximum is 0.4). PSCAN2 exhibits a significant relative error of approximately 16% when the max timestep is 0.6ps and RelTol is 1 × 1 0 − 1 , which is close to its default RelTol value. Our work provides some insights and references for the designers of SC circuits on how to choose simulators and set simulation parameters. • Comprehensively studied the performance of the five simulators (JoSIM, JSIM, WRspice, PSCAN2, and JSICsim) from three aspects: the differences among the IV results, accuracy, and speed. • Proposed a reliable method to characterize the accuracy of simulators by using the relative error between the numerical and analytical solutions at the L - C resonance point of the dc SQUID's IV curve. • Evaluated and compared the performance of simulators, and quantitatively examined the impact of simulation parameters (max timestep and RelTol) on the simulators' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mussel-inspired covalent organic framework composites MPN@COFs were synthesized and characterized. • The HPLC-MS/MS adsorption assay of caffeine in tea was carried out, and the adsorption conditions were optimized. • The established detection method is characterized by low detection limit, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. • The tea samples were analyzed by using MPN@COFs as high efficiency adsorbent. Inspired by the surface structure of mussel, a novel bionic adsorbent (MPN@COFs) was prepared using an in situ synthetic strategy for the selective adsorption of caffeine and the physicochemical structure, surface morphology and composition of were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analytical data showed that the specific surface area of MPN @ COF was as high as 133.62 m2/g, which was stable and adaptable to acid and alkaline environments, with a adsorption rate of 78 %, and still maintained a high adsorption rate after reuse for three times. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics fit the Langmuir model and the quasi-secondary kinetic model better, respectively. Compared with single COFs and MPN, the adsorption efficiency of MPN@COFs increased by 40.54 % and 57.65 %, respectively. Moreover, the composite material could be reused three times, the HPLC-MS/MS method established in this study has high sensitivity, and this rapid detection technique can provide strong support for the detection of caffeine in beverages and the removal of caffeine from tea and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxychloride phosphors that contain active ions coordinated with both oxygen and chloride ions have garnered significant attention, but the application of oxychloride phosphors is yet limited because of their demanding synthesis condition of vacuum or reducing atmosphere. Herein, we synthesize a new serial oxychlorides of La 9 W 6 O 30 Cl (LWOC) and Er3+/Yb3+, Ho3+/Yb3+, Tm3+/Yb3+ doped LWOC through molten salt shielding method (MSS) in air, which is more efficient compared to the traditional method in vacuum. The compound of LWOC crystallizes in the tetragonal system space group P 4 2 / nmc (No. 137) with cell parameters a = b = 10.0445(1) Å, c = 12.6826(4) Å, V = 1279.57(5) Å3 and Z = 11. The asymmetric unit of LWOC includes three La atoms, one unique W atom, two disordered W atoms with occupancy factors of 0.16(5) and 0.84(5), respectively, one Cl atom and six O atoms. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, all the Er3+/Yb3+, Ho3+/Yb3+ and Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped LWOC phosphors have excellent upconversion (UC) luminescence with bright visible light emission. A fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) type temperature sensor is developed by using LWOC: Er3+, Yb3+ phosphor as sensing media, which has a maximum relative temperature sensitivity (S r) of 0.90 % K−1 at 300 K. • Oxychloride crystals were synthesized in air by molten salt shielding (MSS) method for the first time. • The effect of oxygen defect on crystal color is explained. • An optical temperature sensing device that can work in real environment is prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling particle size presented challenges during cold pavement reclaiming machine operation. The entire milling rotor was investigated to overcome the limitations of single-tool research. Firstly, the discrete element method was employed to construct a model of milling particles and old-asphalt-pavement. Secondly, a multi-cutter rotor milling pavement model was established through complete factorial testing, exploring the influence of operating parameters on performance and particle size. Finally, a cold pavement reclaiming machine performance prediction system was developed. Results demonstrated that matched moving and rotor speeds effectively regulated particle size. For instance, at a milling depth of 80 mm, setting the rotor speed to 2.5 r/s and moving speed to 0.25 m/s was recommended. Furthermore, the prediction system precisely estimated particle bonding ratio, mixing flow rate, and average torque, with average prediction errors of 6.1%, 3.5%, and 9.4%, respectively. It effectively forecasted particle size when particle bonding ratio ranged from 10% to 25%. [Display omitted] • A project-consistent constitutive model for old asphalt pavement was developed. • A pavement model featuring a multi-cutter milling rotor was established. • The correlation between particle size and CPRM operational parameters was explored. • The optimal operational parameters for CPRM were determined. • Better particle size was achieved within the particle bonding ratio range of 10–25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional agricultural practices in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain have led to a decrease in groundwater level, coupled with frequent extreme rainfall in recent years, has seriously threatened grain production and sustainability. The objective of this study is to evaluate water footprint, groundwater table, and system productivity through a three-year field experiment that focuses on transitioning from the conventional winter wheat-maize (WM) to winter wheat-soybean (WS) system, while integrating suitable irrigation strategies. Micro-sprinkling irrigation strategies were applied during the winter wheat season, when the soil water content (SWC) of the 40 cm soil layer dropped to 40% of its field capacity (FC). Specifically, W4 treatment irrigated until SWC reached 60% FC at a depth of 40 cm, while the W6 treatment irrigated to SWC reaching 80% FC at a 60 cm depth. In contrast, a rain-fed (W0) treatment served as the control. Field water consumption was simulated using the Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator (WHCNS) model. The results revealed that the WS system exhibited less variability in evapotranspiration (ETc) compared to WM system, with reductions ranging from 23.6% to 29.1%. Furthermore, the WS system contributed substantially to elevating the groundwater table by 58.4–146.4% while maintaining a higher and more stable annual wheat equivalent yield (WEY) compared to the WM system. The W4 treatment saved 97.9–98.2 mm of irrigation water compared to the W6 treatment, improved water productivity by 10.7–32.1%, and reduced the water footprint by 14.3–25.1%. Transitioning from the traditional WM cropping system to the WS system, and adapting an appropriate irrigation regime (W4) can counterbalance extreme weather impacts on crop yields. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable farming practices, and it may provide a practical framework for striking a balance between groundwater conservation and food security. [Display omitted] • Traditional farming practices declining groundwater, challenges for food production. • Winter wheat-soybean (WS) pattern increase system yield and water productivity. • WS pattern reduced water consumption and water footprint by 27.97% and 41.58%. • WS pattern with W4 irrigation gradient can relieve groundwater depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel biomineralized covalent organic framework material (BM-COF) was prepared. • Sulforaphane was separated by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with BM-COFs. • BM-COFs were successfully applied to the enrichment and extraction of sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables. • This method has the advantages of simple, efficient and eco-friendly. • The content of sulforaphane was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. A novel biomimetic mineralized covalent organic framework (BM-COF) was prepared based on magnetic silk fibroin and a new sulforaphane pretreatment technology was constructed. First, metal coordination was performed on the surface of silk fibroin, and nanoparticles were deposited by in-situ mineralization after co-precipitation. Then, biomineralized COFs were prepared by in-situ self-assembly of a COF layer on Fe 3 O 4 @silk fibroin surface guided by interfacial directional growth technology. The BM-COFs had a multilayer structure, large specific surface area and pore volume, and superparamagnetic properties, which make them an ideal adsorbent. The adsorption of sulforaphane by BM-COFs is mainly multi-molecular layer adsorption and chemisorption, there might be electrostatic action, π-stacking and hydrogen bonding in the adsorption process. The composite material was successfully used for the pretreatment of sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables. An extraction time of 30 min gave extraction efficiencies as high as 92%, and the recovery could reach more than 73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]