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In 2021, the Yellow River experienced the most serious autumn flood since 1949. The Sanmenxia Reservoir played an important role in the autumn flood control, but there was 1.04 billion cubic meters difference between the inflow and outflow of the flood volume. In order to identify the cause of the above water imbalance, this paper took Tongguan-Sanmenxia reach as the study area, and digital elevation model, land use, soil type, meteorological and hydrological data were used to drive a HEC-HMS distributed hydrological model for flood processes simulation. The results show that the bias of simulated flood peak in 11 floods are all less than 20.0%, the average coefficient of determination of the simulations is 0.725, and the pass rate of the results is 90.9%. The model accurately simulates the water inflow process in the Tongguan-Sanmenxia reach during the autumn flood season in 2021, and the contribution of different tributaries to the total flood amount of the reach is quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to utilize the joint operation of reservoir groups to maximize sediment discharge efficiency is a key technical challenge in water and sediment regulation. This paper selected the joint operation of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the period of water and sediment regulation in 2023 as the object, analyzed the water and sediment processes of the two reservoirs under different matching opportunities and matching water levels, and quantified the water and sediment regulation effect under different matching opportunities and matching water levels between the two reservoirs. Although the Sanmenxia Reservoir has a smaller water storage capacity and limited water transfer capacity, by changing the discharge time of the reservoir, the scouring effect of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is quite different. As the matching water level decreases, the amount of erosion in the reservoir area gradually increases. With the delay of the relative discharge time of Sanmenxia Reservoir, the erosion amount in the reservoir area shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River key reservoir projects bear on the big picture. The practices of planning, construction, operation and management of these key reservoir projects promote continually the deepening of the understanding of the governance of the Yellow River. Based on the planning and construction backgrounds of the Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and their operation and management practices, this paper briefly reviewed the progress from practice to cognition to practice and cognition again, as well as the development and evolution of river harnessing thought through it. Based on the problems and challenges faced by the Yellow River management in the new era, this paper suggests to speed up the development of the Guxian key reservoir project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical grey model can be used into hydrologic runoff prediction, but has bad prediction accuracy. Based on the classical grey theory, this paper utilized polynomial fitting to higher precision fit cumulative data and limit improved runoff grey prediction model. This model could be easily used and realized by program, and also had high calculation accuracy and efficiency. By predicting inflow runoff of Sanmenxia Reservoir through classical and improved grey prediction, it shows that the latter method can effectively predict runoff .md has improved calculation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the variation of the elevation of Tongguan, which is located in the backwater zone of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, in response to changes in flow runoff. The analysis indicated that the rise of the elevation of Tongguan, which is defined as the stage corresponding to a discharge of 1000 m³/s at Tongguan station, is controlled by the stream energy. A close relationship existed between the elevation of Tongguan and the superimposed stream energy that integrates the current and the preceding years' flow and dam operation conditions. When the flow runoff remains relatively constant and the pool level of the dam has a relatively large range of variations, then the elevation of Tongguan is primarily controlled by the dam operation conditions. On the other hand, if the flow runoff has a relatively large range of variations and the pool level of the dam remains relatively constant, then the elevation of Tongguan is primarily controlled by the flow conditions. These findings are of importance for optimizing the dam operation in order to lower and control the elevation of Tongguan, and therefore to minimize the backwater effect of the dam operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]