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Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and their association with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk represents a major public health concern. However, assessing CVD risk in women with a history of these conditions presents unique challenges, especially when studies are carried out using routinely collected data. Objectives: To summarise and describe key challenges related to the design and conduct of administrative studies assessing CVD risk in women with a history of HDP and provide concrete recommendations for addressing them in future research. Methods: This is a methodological guidance paper. Results: Several conceptual and methodological factors related to the data‐generating mechanism and study conceptualisation, design/data management and analysis, as well as the interpretation and reporting of study findings should be considered and addressed when designing and carrying out administrative studies on this topic. Researchers should develop an a priori conceptual framework within which the research question is articulated, important study variables are identified and their interrelationships are carefully considered. Conclusions: To advance our understanding of CVD risk in women with a history of HDP, future studies should carefully consider and address the conceptual and methodological considerations outlined in this guidance paper. In highlighting these challenges, and providing specific recommendations for how to address them, our goal is to improve the quality of research carried out on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To discuss the construction and use of vignettes as a novel approach in spiritual care research and education. Design: Methods paper. Methods: In this methods paper, the authors introduce the use of vignettes in spiritual care research and provide insight into the construction of vignettes. The vignette presented was part of a study of neurosurgical nurses' attitudes and responses to the spiritual needs of neuro-oncology patients. The development process, consisting of four steps, is explained in this paper. Results: Using a vignette to explore nurses' attitudes towards spiritual care is an innovative way to understand what behaviours nurses consider appropriate in situations where the patient is seeking meaning and connection. Transparent description of the development process is crucial to ensure reproducibility. Conclusion: The use of theoretically constructed and validated vignettes in spiritual care research is new. Vignettes used in surveys have the potential to elicit nurses' responses to patients' search for meaning and connectedness. Implications: In order to investigate nurses' attitudes and behaviours towards patients' spiritual needs, carefully constructed and validated vignettes are valuable research tools. Impact: Vignettes have proven to be a valuable research tool in the social and health sciences. So far, their use as a survey instrument in spiritual care research has not been investigated. Therefore, this method paper introduces vignettes as a novel approach to spiritual care research. Our findings contribute to the further development of vignettes in nursing science, as there are similarities with case development and simulation training in nursing education. Reporting Method: Reporting guideline is not applicable. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the daily stressors experienced by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the perceived impact of those stressors on their self‐management and psychological well‐being. Design and Methods: We conducted semistructured in‐depth telephone interviews using a qualitative descriptive approach with 20 adolescents aged 14–17 years with T1D and analyzed subsequent data using thematic analysis. Results: Participants who were non‐Hispanic white made up 85% of the sample, 75% identified as female and mean age was 15 years. The study identified two key themes: "the everyday stress of living with diabetes" and "managing stress and supporting psychological well‐being." Participants described heightened mental load, the impact of daily activities, stress associated with public diabetes management, and added stress due to COVID‐19. Primary mitigation techniques included family support, peer support networks, activity engagement, and personal acceptance of their condition. Practice Implications: We found that there is a compound effect that occurs with balancing daily disease management with normative activities of daily living. These data will help guide the design of new interventions and tailoring of existing interventions. Future intervention development may include physical exercise, mindfulness training, and stress reducing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Research theses can have a significant impact on the development of applied sciences, especially when their results are published. Objective This study aims to determine publication rate of papers extracted from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2008-2018. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of GUMS from 2008 to 2018. Then, they were searched in international and national databases according to the title, keywords, and names of supervisors, advisors, and students. Results Of 774 theses, 449 (58 %) papers had been extracted and published in journals indexed by ISI/ PubMed (41.2%), Scopus (11.8%), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstract, and Embase (0.44%) and others (46.56%). Most of them (98.66%) were original research. Moreover, in 383(85.3%) of the theses, there was no statistician or data advisor. The median time from defending theses to the publication of a paper from them was two years. Conclusion The publication of papers extracted from the theses of GUMS has increased, and more than 50% of them have been published in journals indexed by ISI, PubMed, and Scopus. However, the factors associated with the publication of papers need to be surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the United States' population grows via migration and immigration, with this rise in diverse identities, there has been increasing concern regarding disparities for undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. with limited access to the health system. Given the various constraints involving communication and social structures that undocumented immigrants face, a culture-centered approach is drawn on to investigating how this group goes about navigating a dominant health system given their restricted access. I explore co-constructed themes that emerged through conversations with undocumented immigrants, (people without papers as I call them in this work) living in the United States to gain an understanding as to the structural and cultural limitations faced by this group. By doing qualitative semi-structured interviews with local participants living in the South Florida region, I describe the various features of a complex U.S. health system that undocumented immigrants (people without papers) deemed as important obstacles that limit their willingness to interact with official medical spaces. This work draws on narratives and accounts to shed light on the intersection of disparities this group has to overcome in order to consider entering a medical space to receive the treatment they might need. The findings of this article highlighted the structural violence that certain subaltern groups, such as people without papers experience due to their limited access to foundational systems in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To discuss how Husserl's descriptive phenomenology, as a philosophy and approach, has been used and reported in researching the experiences of others, using the topic of foreign‐trained nurses. Design: Discussion paper. Data sources A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, SCOPUS, British Nursing Database and PsycInfo was carried out in December 2021. The inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed phenomenological research articles, grounded by Husserl's philosophy, conducted among foreign‐trained nurses and published in English from 2000 to 2021. Findings Two main themes were the outcome of critically reviewing relevant selected literature, 'referring to the original philosophy is not enough' and 'phenomenological findings need to be phenomenological'. These findings confirm some arguments about nurse researchers' discrepant use of phenomenology in their studies, including the proper application of phenomenological notions on the ground. Implication for Nursing: Nurse researchers need to clearly distinguish between phenomenology and other qualitative research approaches and consider the uniqueness of philosophical underpinnings that are essential in Husserl's phenomenology, which also need to be clearly applied and reflected in their studies. Conclusion: There are continually existing discrepancies and variations in using phenomenology by nurse researchers. These variations were uniquely evident when nurse researchers could not provide enough philosophical grounds and assumptions to their studies and underestimated the need to keep up with the various applications of Husserl's phenomenological notions, including the proper practice of phenomenological attitude. Therefore, it is recommended that nurse researchers should opt for different, less complex qualitative approaches if they do not adequately prepare and understand what constitutes phenomenology and the particulars of Husserl's philosophy. Impact What problem did the study address? Phenomenology remains popular in nursing. However, it can confuse nurse researchers and may result in an improper understanding of its core concepts. The use of phenomenology in nursing has been criticized over the years with nurse researchers being accused of conducting phenomenological research inconsistent with the original philosophy. What were the main findings? Using phenomenology by nurse researchers is various and includes some discrepancies. This variation is caused by not complying with essential philosophical grounds and underestimating proper applications of Husserl's phenomenological notions. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Outcomes of this paper illustrate examples of proper and improper uses of Husserl's phenomenology in nursing research, including critical considerations, which can guide nurse researchers aiming to conduct descriptive phenomenological research. Additionally, nurse lecturers can utilize this paper to show and emphasize the importance of philosophical grounds in phenomenology. No Patient or Public Contribution: Due to the nature of this discussion paper addressing philosophical and methodological aspects using examples from the literature, no direct patient or public contribution was required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a guide on writing original research papers, emphasizing the importance of adhering to international guidelines and journal-specific instructions for successful publication. It also discusses the preparation of research papers from early study phases, the use of guidelines such as CONSORT and STROBE for different research types, and the need for clear, concise scientific language.

Background: The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) validly and reliably measures symptoms and concerns of those receiving palliative care. Aim: To determine the equivalence of the paper version with an electronic version of the IPOS (eIPOS). Design: Multicentre randomised crossover trial (NCT03879668) with a within-subject comparison of the two modes (washout period 30 min). Setting/Participants: Convenience sample of specialist inpatient and palliative home care patients aged over 18 years with cancer and non-cancer conditions was recruited. Scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and via a mixed-effects analysis of variance. Results: Fifty patients were randomised to complete paper-electronic (n = 24) and electronic-paper (n = 26) IPOS with median age 69 years (range 24–95), 56% male, 16% non-cancer. The ICCs showed very high concordance for the total score (ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), lowest ICCs being observed for symptoms 'Appetite loss' and 'Drowsiness' (ICC 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97). Nine of seventeen items had ICCs above 0.98, as did all subscales. No statistically significant mode, order, age, and interaction effects were observed for IPOS total score and subscales, except for 'Communication' (Fmode = 5.9, p = 0.019). Fifty-eight percent preferred the electronic version. In the group 75+ years, 53% preferred the paper version. Only three entries in the free-text main problems differed between the versions. Conclusion: The very high equivalence in scores and free text between the IPOS and the eIPOS demonstrates that eIPOS is feasible and reliable in an older palliative population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to outline the initial pilot use of the client complexity matrix (CCM), an outcome measure developed for an NHS Adult Intellectual Disabilities Intensive Support Team (IST) in the West Midlands of England. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed method approach was used to report the results and evaluate the use of the CCM within this IST. The CCM was trialled for six months between January 2022 and June 2022. CCM scores pre and post IST intervention were analysed via t-test, and qualitative feedback from clinicians is detailed. Findings: Analysis suggests the CCM captures service success showing a significant decrease in complexity and risk post-intervention. Qualitative comments from clinicians were generally positive; however, there were requested changes regarding specific presentations, use of labels/language and for a digital version. Research limitations/implications: The tool is not co-constructed with the client. Because of this IST's caseload, the sample size was small. Only one clinician was asked to complete the CCM pre and post intervention. Future use of the measure will encourage two clinicians to complete the measure to evidence its inter-rater reliability. Each client's specific presentation was not explicitly analysed here. Practical implications: The CCM will be updated using the feedback from clinicians and from the peer review process. Research that examines the generalisability of this measure to other IST services would be beneficial. Originality/value: The CCM appears to fill a gap in outcome measurements for this IST service which looks at breadth and depth of client complexity and risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the coronavirus pandemic, changes in the way science is done and shared occurred, which motivates meta‐research to help understand science communication in crises and improve its effectiveness. The objective is to study how many Spanish scientific papers on COVID‐19 published during 2020 share their research data. Qualitative and descriptive study applying nine attributes: (a) availability, (b) accessibility, (c) format, (d) licensing, (e) linkage, (f) funding, (g) editorial policy, (h) content, and (i) statistics. We analyzed 1,340 papers, 1,173 (87.5%) did not have research data. A total of 12.5% share their research data of which 2.1% share their data in repositories, 5% share their data through a simple request, 0.2% do not have permission to share their data, and 5.2% share their data as supplementary material. There is a small percentage that shares their research data; however, it demonstrates the researchers' poor knowledge on how to properly share their research data and their lack of knowledge on what is research data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To what extent is the destiny of a scientific paper shaped by the cocitation network in which it is involved? What are the social contexts that can explain these structuring? Using bibliometric data, interviews with researchers, and social network analysis, this article proposes a typology based on egocentric cocitation networks that displays a quadruple structuring (before and after publication): polarization, clusterization, atomization, and attrition. It shows that the academic capital of the authors and the intellectual resources of their research are key factors of these destinies, as are the social relations between the authors concerned. The circumstances of the publishing are also correlated with the structuring of the egocentric cocitation networks, showing how socially embedded they are. Finally, the article discusses the contribution of these original networks to the analyze of scientific production and its dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to analyze Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly (APAQ) publications over the journal's fourth decade (2014–2023) and compare them with previous documentary analyses of the first 3 decades. Consistent with prior documentary analyses, publications were coded and analyzed based on the use of theory, research participants, topic, whether the study was an intervention, first-author country affiliation, and research method. The total number of published research papers increased substantially (n = 61) from the third to the fourth decade. Similar to prior documentary analyses, most of the research was quantitative (n = 140; 57.5%), followed by qualitative research (n = 96; 39.5%). There were far more qualitative-research publications in the fourth decade compared with the third decade (n = 34). This may reflect the continued acceptance and growth of qualitative research compared with 10–20 years ago. It may also reflect the value of rich in-depth exploratory research using small samples. Additional trends included more review papers and meta-analyses, possibly reflecting the increased knowledge base in particular areas requiring synthesis. The diversity of topics also increased, with papers on dignity, classification, coaching, and the Paralympics playing more prominent roles. The number of international publications also grew substantially. In brief, the current paper outlines both similarities and differences in APAQ's published research over the 4 decades of its existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Objectives: Definition of regular editors and their types. And knowing what is required to protest it. And to highlight the strength of its authority in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence. Research Methodology: I adopted the pairing approach between the original and comparative approaches, by extrapolating the largest possible number of research sources and their advanced and late references. And the obligation to present issues in the Saudi system, then in Islamic jurisprudence, and then compare them. When dealing with controversial issues, the subject of dispute is edited, then the sayings are presented in proportion to their utterers according to the chronological order of the four schools of thought with their evidence, then the weighting and its reason. The most prominent results: The Saudi system is very much in agreement with what is stated in Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, the editors are a systematic term that corresponds to the papers written in Islamic jurisprudence. The Saudi system of ordinary papers that are not prepared for proof and whose authenticity is confirmed are proven authentic before the competent authorities with conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate paper-based technology (APT) is used to provide postural support for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-resourced settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of APT on the children's and families' lives. A convenience sample of children with CP and their families participated. Inclusion was based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V. APT seating or standing frames were provided for six months. A mixed methods impact of APT devices on the children and families included the Family Impact Assistive Technology Scale for Adaptive Seating (FIATS-AS); the Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) questionnaire; and a qualitative assessment from diary/log and semi-structured interviews. Ten children (median 3 years, range 9 months to 7 years). Baseline to follow-up median (IQR) FIATS-AS were: 22.7 (9.3) and 30.3 (10.2), respectively (p=.002). Similarly mean (SD) CEDL scores for "frequency" changed from 30.5 (13.2) to 42.08 (5.96) (p=.021) and children's enjoyment scores from 2.23 (0.93) to 2.91 (0.79) (p=.019). CEDL questionnaire for self-care was not discriminatory; seven families scored zero at both baseline and 6 months. Qualitative interviews revealed three key findings; that APT improved functional ability, involvement/interaction in daily-life situations, and a reduced family burden of care. APT devices used in Kenyan children with non-ambulant CP had a meaningful positive effect on both the children's and their families' lives. Assistive devices are often unobtainable for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries. APT is a low cost and sustainable solution to make seating and standing devices for disabled children in Kenya. The regular use of a postural support device enhanced the children's motor skills, ability to function and participate in everyday activities, reduced the burden of care for the families and promoted the children's social interaction. The postural support devices were highly valued and utilised by the children and families in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise addiction has been investigated for almost half a decade in well over 1000 published papers. Studies adopt different terminologies like exercise addiction, overexercise, exercise dependence, compulsive exercise, obligatory exercise, and the like to refer to the same concept while creating conceptual confusion and rendering cross-study comparability challenging. The paradox is that fewer than ten research articles cover cases of clinical significance, yielding an extremely high ratio of publications to problematic cases. While there is evidence that significantly more clinically attention-meriting cases might exist, they surface in clinical practice rather than research settings. It is also peculiar that scholars search for a common path or shared etiology for exercise addiction, while each case, like those in substance use disorder, is unique, as also predicted by clinical models. Furthermore, the survey method uses scales yielding risk scores without diagnostic value. Most research in this direction, therefore, seems to be futile. Thus, it is not surprising that more than 10 years ago, the panel editing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) found insufficient evidence for exercise addiction being a mental dysfunction. As a result, exercise addiction has no clinical diagnostic criteria. This position paper aims to identify conceptual and methodological research barriers that hinder progress in this field, ultimately calling for a paradigm shift toward more productive research. In conclusion, the position of this paper is that most currently used research methodologies on exercise addiction are unsatisfactory and, consequently, a paradigm shift is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a gap in research on how best to support exercise in moderate to severe MS. The objective of this study is to share perspectives of people living with MS and physiotherapists on their experiences in a randomized clinical trial of online physiotherapy vs. an active comparator. Semi-structured exit interviews were conducted with volunteer participants from the online and comparator arms of the trial, and focus groups were held with study physiotherapists. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Perspectives from participants with MS yielded three themes: usability of their program, utility of their program, and motivation to participate. Visual and dexterity impairments limited the usability of the online program. Having an opportunity "to be pushed" was valued by participants in both trial arms. Motivation to exercise was variable, and participants desired periodic face-to-face contact with their physiotherapists. Perspectives from trial physiotherapists yielded similar and complementary findings concerning usability and utility. Participants with MS and physiotherapists found the online physiotherapy platform useful for supporting exercise, yet they identified some limitations. As the appeal of online platforms has increased since the pandemic, it will be important to consider the needs of people with moderate to severe MS. NCT03039400. People with moderate-to-severe MS and physiotherapists involved in a clinical trial found online physiotherapy useful for supporting exercise. Physiotherapists and participants using the online program desired improved platform accommodations for people living with MS with visual and dexterity impairments. Physiotherapists and people living with MS from both the online exercise program and comparator groups perceived a need for more face-to-face contact and opportunities to build therapeutic alliance. Perspectives from prescribing physiotherapists and people living with MS about supporting exercise online may have practice implications during and post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To explore organisation‐wide experiences of person‐centred care and risk assessment practices using existing healthcare organisation documentation. Background: There is increasing emphasis on multidimensional risk assessments during hospital admission. However, little is known about how nurses use multidimensional assessment documentation in clinical practice to address preventable harms and optimise person‐centred care. Design: A qualitative descriptive study reported according to COREQ. Methods: Metropolitan tertiary hospital and rehabilitation hospital servicing a population of 550,000. A sample of 111 participants (12 patients, 4 family members/carers, 94 nurses and 1 allied health professional) from a range of wards/clinical locations. Semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were conducted at two time points. The audio recording was transcribed, and an inductive thematic analysis was used to provide insight from multiple perspectives. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) 'What works well in practice' included: efficiency in the structure of the documentation; the Introduction, Situation, Background Assessment, Recommendation (ISBAR) framework and prompting for clinical decision‐making were valued by nurses; and direct patient care is always prioritised. (2) 'What does not work well in practice': obtaining the patient's signature on daily care plans; multidisciplinary (MDT) involvement; duplication of paperwork and person‐centred goals are not well‐captured in care plan documentation. (3) 'Experience of care'; satisfaction of person‐centred care; communication in the MDT was important, but sometimes insufficient; patients had variable involvement in their daily care plan; and inadequate integration of care between MDT team which negatively impacted patients. Conclusions: Efficient and streamlined documentation systems should herald feedback from nurses to address their clinical workflow needs and can support, and capture, their decision‐making that enables partnership with patients to improve the individualisation of care provision. Relevance to clinical practice: The integration of effective MDT involvement in clinical documentation was problematic and resulted in unmet supportive care from the patient's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controversy over vaccines, which has recently intensified following the COVID-19 pandemic, provokes heated debates, with both advocates and opponents raising allegations of bias and fraud in research. Researchers whose work raises doubts about the safety of certain vaccines claim to be victims of discriminatory treatment aimed at suppressing dissent, including the unjustified retraction of their published research. Such practices have previously been discussed in other controversial fields in science (e.g., AIDS, the environment, and water fluoridation) but not in the field of vaccines. The purpose of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the subjective views of researchers whose papers were retracted. Study participants are active researchers, most with international reputations in their respective fields. They perceived retraction as a means of censoring and silencing critical voices with the aim of preserving the pro-vaccination agenda of interested parties. Participants also reported additional measures aimed at harming them personally and professionally. These findings point to the need for a fair, open, and honest discourse about the safety of vaccines for the benefit of public health and the restoration of trust in science and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess differences between traditional paper bag ordering and online ordering from primary school canteens in terms of menu, usage and lunch order characteristics.Design: A cross-sectional study.Setting: New South Wales (NSW) primary schools that offered both paper bag and online canteen ordering.Participants: Students (aged 5-12 years) with a lunch order on the day of the observation.Results: Across the six school canteens, 59-90 % of all available items were listed on both the online and paper menus, with no significant differences in the nutritional quality ('Everyday'/'Occasional') or nutritional content (kJ/saturated fat/sugar/sodium) of menu items. In total, 387 student lunch orders were placed, containing 776 menu items. Most orders (68 %) were placed online. There were no significant differences between order modality in the quantity of items ordered or the cost of orders, or the nutritional quality of orders based on the classification system of the NSW Healthy School Canteen Strategy ('Everyday'/'Occasional'). However, nutritional analysis revealed that paper bag orders contained 222 fewer kJ than online orders (P = 0·001), 0·65 g less saturated fat (P = 0·04) and 4·7 g less sugar (P < 0·001).Conclusions: Online canteens are commonly used to order canteen lunches for primary school children. This is the first study to investigate differences between traditional paper bag ordering and online ordering in this setting. Given the rapid increase in the use of online ordering systems in schools and other food settings and their potential to deliver public health nutrition interventions, additional research is warranted to further investigate differences in ordering modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modelling is a powerful tool in science. Causal mathematical models based on a clear picture of how key variables interact enable a deeper understanding of a given situation and provide reliable predictions. This is a classic approach in science. Unfortunately, this approach is declining in pulp and paper-related research in favour of simply reporting experimental data. The lack of a framework provided by a model diminishes the value of much experimental work. Therefore, the increased use of mathematical models is encouraged, and this approach is illustrated via several practical examples from our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few biomarker-based validation studies have examined error in online self-report dietary assessment instruments, and food records (FRs) have been considered less than food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs). We investigated measurement error in online and paper-based FFQs, online 24HRs, and paper-based FRs in 3 samples drawn primarily from 3 cohorts, comprising 1,393 women and 1,455 men aged 45–86 years. Data collection occurred from January 2011 to October 2013. Attenuation factors and correlation coefficients between reported and true usual intake for energy, protein, sodium, potassium, and respective densities were estimated using recovery biomarkers. Across studies, average attenuation factors for energy were 0.07, 0.07, and 0.19 for a single FFQ, 24HR, and FR, respectively. Correlation coefficients for energy were 0.24, 0.23, and 0.40, respectively. Excluding energy, the average attenuation factors across nutrients and studies were 0.22 for a single FFQ, 0.22 for a single 24HR, and 0.51 for a single FR. Corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.31, 0.34, and 0.53, respectively. For densities (nutrient expressed relative to energy), the average attenuation factors across studies were 0.37, 0.17, and 0.50, respectively. The findings support prior research suggesting different instruments have unique strengths that should be leveraged in epidemiologic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare policies promote technology use as a means to modernise healthcare and support seamless, person-centred care. However, despite information technology (IT) use being common practice in clinical settings, its use in patients' homes is still developing. This study explored patients' perspectives on the use of IT and electronic health records (EHR) in their home environment. Semi structured interviews were conducted with housebound patients who received regular care from the district nursing team, and thematic data analysis was undertaken. Participants reported variable knowledge and experiences with mobile working and EHR. Most were positive and identified clear benefits for clinicians. However, few participants reported benefits to themselves. Contrary to popular belief, IT use is expected by older patients and, while barriers were identified, the overall opinion was positive. A digital divide was apparent, with some at risk of being disadvantaged by the increasing use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: A discussion of the challenges of recruiting participants from harder‐to‐reach populations for quantitative survey studies and potential avenues for tailored strategies to address these challenges. Design Discussion paper. Data sources The search was conducted on August 2, 2021, in the CINAHL and PubMed databases, and in Google scholar. The initial search identified 5880 articles, and the final analysis included 44 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Articles were retained if they addressed methodological challenges or strategies for recruitment and concerned research with harder‐to‐reach populations. Implications for nursing: This article draws on the literature regarding the challenges of recruiting research participants from harder‐to‐reach populations and known strategies for overcoming them. These strategies include, for example, establishing a trusting relationship between the researcher and the participant community and gaining in‐depth knowledge of the target population. These challenges and strategies for recruiting participants from these populations are discussed specifically in the context of quantitative survey research. Conclusion: Nurse researchers conducting quantitative survey studies with participants from harder‐to‐reach populations must tailor their recruitment strategies to the target population and, most importantly, be flexible and creative in their recruitment methods. Impact The article discusses the challenges of recruiting participants from harder‐to‐reach populations and strategies to overcome them in quantitative survey studies. Successful recruitment requires researchers to develop a thorough understanding of the harder‐to‐reach population, develop partnerships to locate and access potential participants, build trust with the community, tailor their language, minimize participation risk and resource constraints, recognize the cognitive and physical demands required, and be flexible and creative in developing recruitment strategies. This knowledge can enable the inclusion of more people from harder‐to‐reach populations in survey studies and provide evidence that can inform research and practice to provide healthcare tailored to their needs and ultimately help improve their health and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based visual analogue scale (VAS) items were developed 100 years ago. Although they gained great popularity in clinical and medical research for assessing pain, they have been scarcely applied in other areas of psychological research for several decades. However, since the beginning of digitization, VAS have attracted growing interest among researchers for carrying out computerized and paper-based data assessments. In the present study, we investigated the research question "Which different design characteristics of paper-based VAS items are preferred by women and men?" Based on a sample of 115 participants (68 female), our results revealed that the respondents preferred a paper-based VAS item with a horizontal, 8-cm long, 3 DTP ("desktop publishing point") wide, black line, with flat line endpoints, and the ascending numerical anchors "0" and "10", both for women and men. Although we did not identify any gender difference in these characteristics, our findings uncovered clear preferences on how to design paper-based VAS items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for the upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are: research methods, conference booklet for the annual conference of DGIP 2024, "Cancel Culture" - the search for identity through power-seeking?, literature and individual psychology, "In Touch" - between abstinence and touch, and conference booklet for the annual conference of DGIP 2025. The submissions will be reviewed anonymously. The contact person for submissions and questions is Livia Eschke. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, far-right actors and movements have become a growing field of scientific research. The specific challenges of this political spectrum have led to a number of interdisciplinary debates on methodology and ethics. In this context, questions concerning a critical distance in research have played a crucial role since there is a constant risk of an involuntary reproduction and thus amplification of far-right ideology. The article 'The Transnationalization of Ethno-nationalism: The Case of the Identitarian Movement' by Petra Mlejnková (published in Intersections) illustrates these pitfalls. It shows the consequences of a lack of reflexivity when approaching far-right activism. As a result, the author's findings appear rather one-sided when contrasted with critical debates on farright ideology and current methodological discussions. Moreover, the presentation of the results creates the impression of, at least implicit, empathy towards the 'Identitarian Movement.' This, in turn, shows the risk of scientific research turning unintentionally into a (discursive) ally of the far-right and promoting ideologies of inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explains in simple terms, accessible to the non-statistician, general principles regarding the correct research methods to develop and then evaluate imaging biomarkers in a clinical setting, including radiomic biomarkers. The distinction between diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is made and emphasis placed on the need to assess clinical utility within the context of a multivariable model. Such models should not be restricted to imaging biomarkers and must include relevant disease and patient characteristics likely to be clinically useful. Biomarker utility is based on whether its addition to the basic clinical model improves diagnosis or prediction. Approaches to both model development and evaluation are explained and the need for adequate amounts of representative data stressed so as to avoid underpowering and overfitting. Advice is provided regarding how to report the research correctly. Key Points: • Imaging biomarker research is common but methodological errors are encountered frequently that may mean the research is not clinically useful. • The clinical utility of imaging biomarkers is best assessed by their additive effect on multivariable models based on clinical factors known to be important. • The data used to develop such models should be sufficient for the number of variables investigated and the model should be evaluated, preferably using data unrelated to development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) To describe facilitators and barriers to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food shopping via electronic benefits transfer (eWIC) compared with paper vouchers. (2) To explore suggestions that WIC participants had for modifying the program to enhance their overall WIC experience. Qualitative, semistructured, in-depth interviews. WIC participants in East Tennessee. Twenty-four primary food shoppers of WIC-participating households aged at least 18 years were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. Perceived facilitators and barriers to use of eWIC as compared with paper vouchers. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to identify emergent themes. Participants identified several ways eWIC has improved their food shopping experience, including ad hoc redemption of WIC benefits and a quicker, more discrete checkout. Participants' chief complaint about eWIC was transaction errors at checkout. Participants identified other barriers to shopping for WIC foods that cannot be addressed by the card alone, such as difficulty identifying WIC items in-store. Participants reported changes to their benefit tracking behaviors and provided suggestions to improve WIC further. The transition to eWIC was viewed favorably among WIC participants, although participants identified a need for additional support in addressing transaction errors. This finding presents an opportunity to modify messages delivered to WIC participants by WIC nutrition educators and enhance collaboration between WIC agencies, retailers, and e-commerce technology providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This quali‐quantitative study analysed the 100 most‐cited papers in core dental public health (DPH) journals focusing on understanding international knowledge production. Methods: The DPH journals were selected from titles and scopes at Web of Science Core Collection database up to March 2020. Further comparisons were performed at Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Some bibliometric parameters were extracted as follows: title, number of citations, citation density (number of citations per year), first author's country, year of publication, study design and subject. VOSviewer software was used to create graphical bibliometric maps. Results: Papers were ranked by the total number of citations, which ranged from 104 to 1,019, and six papers were cited more than 400 times. Papers were published from 1974 to 2013, mainly in Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Most frequent study designs were cross‐sectional (30%) and nonsystematic review (25%). Most papers were from Europe (54%) and North America (31%). First authors were predominantly from the United Kingdom (17%), United States of America (17%) and Canada (14%). VOSviewer map of co‐authorship demonstrated the existence of clusters in the research collaboration. Although epidemiology was the most frequent subject (84%), health services research presented eight times higher citation density. Conclusions: Top 100 most‐cited papers in core DPH journals were predominantly observational studies from Anglo‐Saxon countries. Top 100 most‐cited papers in core DPH journals tend to be cross‐sectional studies carried out in the United States with highest citation in health services research. Locker D, Petersen PE and Sheiham A are a landmark for DPH field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Critical appraisal of published research papers is routinely conducted as a journal club (JC) activity in pharmacology departments of various medical colleges across Maharashtra, and it forms an important part of their postgraduate curriculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of pharmacology postgraduate students and teachers toward use of critical appraisal as a reinforcing tool for research methodology. Evaluation of performance of the in-house pharmacology postgraduate students in the critical appraisal activity constituted secondary objective of the study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in two parts. In Part I, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based evaluation on perception toward critical appraisal activity was carried out among pharmacology postgraduate students and teachers. In Part II of the study, JC score sheets of 2nd- and 3rd-year pharmacology students over the past 4 years were evaluated. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven postgraduate students and 32 teachers participated in Part I of the study. About 118 (92.9%) students and 28 (87.5%) faculties considered the critical appraisal activity to be beneficial for the students. JC score sheet assessments suggested that there was a statistically significant improvement in overall scores obtained by postgraduate students (n = 25) in their last JC as compared to the first JC. Conclusion: Journal article criticism is a crucial tool to develop a research attitude among postgraduate students. Participation in the JC activity led to the improvement in the skill of critical appraisal of published research articles, but this improvement was not educationally relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for the upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are Education II, Research Methods, Conference Proceedings Annual Conference DGIP 2024, "Cancel Culture" - Identity Search through Power Struggles?, Literature and Individual Psychology, and "In Touch" - Between Abstinence and Touch. The submissions will undergo an anonymous peer review. The deadlines for submissions for the different issues are June 1, 2024, September 1, 2024, December 1, 2024, March 1, 2025, June 1, 2025, and September 1, 2025. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for the upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are: professionalization issues in further education and the role of science, education II, research methods, conference booklet for the annual conference of DGIP 2024, and "Cancel Culture" - identity search through power-seeking? The submissions will be reviewed anonymously. The deadlines for submission for each issue are indicated. [Extracted from the article]

The authors offer observation on utilizing tables, figures, charts and graphs to help understand the research presented in a simple manner but also engage and sustain the reader's interest. Topics discussed include benefits provided by the use of tables/figures/charts/graphs, general methodology of design and submission, and copyright issues of using material from government publications/public domain.

Aim: To explore the health beliefs of clinical and academic nurses from Japan, Australia and China regarding wearing paper masks to protect themselves and others, and to identify differences in participants' health beliefs regarding masks. Background: The correct use of face masks and consensus among health professionals across the globe is essential for containing pandemics, and nurses need to act according to policy to protect themselves, educate the public and preserve resources for frontline health workers. Paper masks are worn by health professionals and the general public to avoid the transmission of respiratory infections, such as COVID‐19, but there appear to be differences in health beliefs of nurses within and between countries regarding these. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used content analysis with a framework approach. Findings: There were major differences in nurse participants' beliefs between and within countries, including how nurses use paper masks and their understanding of their efficacy. In addition, there were cultural differences in the way that nurses use masks in their daily lives and nursing practice contexts. Conclusion: Nurses from different working environments, countries and areas of practice hold a variety of health beliefs about mask wearing at the personal and professional level. Implications for nursing policy and health policy: The COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked much discussion about the critical importance of masks for the safety of health professionals, and there has been considerable discussion and disagreement about health policies regarding mask use by the general public. Improper use of masks may have a role in creating mask shortages or transmitting infections. An evidence‐based global policy on mask use for respiratory illnesses for health professionals, including nurses, and the general public needs to be adopted and supported by a wide‐reaching education campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES) has been used internationally; however, PANES properties have not been assessed in all geographical contexts. Our objectives were to assess the reliability and validity of an online and paper version of the PANES in Canadian adults. Reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), percent of overall agreement (p0) and Cohen's Kappa coefficient (κ). Lower 95% confidence interval (CI) ICC ranged from 0.10 to 0.70. Lower 95%CI for κ statistics ranged from −0.20 to 0.64 and p0 ranged from 80.1% to 95.7%. Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α) estimated internal consistency of the PANES (α = 0.58 for the paper version and α = 0.55 for the online version). Mean scores for the PANES Built Environment Index (BEI) significantly differed by neighborhood street pattern (p <.05). The PANES administrated via paper or online provides reliable overall agreement and valid estimates of the self-reported neighborhood built environment supportiveness of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on how research is defined as a systematic inquiry using orderly disciplined methods to answer questions or to solve problems. Topics include the research requires academic discipline has coupled with specific research competencies so that an appropriate study is designed and conducted, and leading to the drawing of relevant conclusions relating to the explicit aim/s of the study.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and ensuing physical distancing measures, poses challenges for researchers in the field of interprofessional care. Pandemic management has highlighted the centrality of interprofessional working to effective healthcare delivery during crises. It is essential to find ways to maintain interprofessional research that has commenced, while also designing research to capture important learning from pandemic management and response. However, it also creates opportunities for new research projects and novel research designs. This discussion paper explores ways of adapting existing research methodologies and outlines potential avenues for new research. Specifically, considerations to bear in mind when designing interprofessional research during the pandemic include research ethics and integrity, research design, data collection methods, research opportunities, implications and limitations. Interprofessional research can continue to make a valuable contribution in informing global responses to COVID-19 and in planning for future global health crises. We call for, insofar as possible, for interprofessional research to continue to be developed during this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into education for librarianship has failed to explore the historical development of the subject or to establish the social and cultural contexts within which it developed. Such historical background and context are essential for exploring and understanding issues of race and of systemic and institutionalized racism. Historical methodology, coupled with the revisionist history of Critical Race Theory, asks how the social/institutional structures of white society determined the construction of librarianship and education for librarianship in the African-American community, explores issues of whiteness and white privilege, and investigates how this influenced African Americans' perception of the profession and their place and role in it. It addresses intersectionality and essentialism and seeks to understand the thoughts and feelings of the African Americans involved in the process who were disregarded and ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the potential of the Gamified Metaverse as a platform for promoting library services. The study compares the effectiveness of a traditional library program with a Metaverse- based library program in terms of knowledge acquisition and library anxiety. The research also examines students' perceptions of implementing gamification within the context of the Gamified Metaverse platform. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, including pre- and post-test analysis, statistical analysis, and qualitative data collection. The results indicate that both the traditional and Metaverse-based library programs effectively increased the participants' knowledge, with no significant difference between the two approaches. However, the Metaverse-based program was found to be less effective in facilitating interaction with librarians and reducing library anxiety. Additionally, students expressed positive perceptions of implementing gamification in the Gamified Metaverse platform, finding it engaging and motivating. These findings contribute to the understanding of the effect of the Metaverse as a tool for promoting library services and enhancing knowledge acquisition. However, it is not as effective in reducing library anxiety, particularly in terms of interaction with librarians and staff. It should be noted that the platform may have limitations such as high costs and potential side effects of virtual reality, making it more suitable as an additional tool for promoting library services, taking into account its feasibility and potential benefits for specific student populations and larger libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of electronic and paper-based standardized nursing care plans (SNCPs) use on quality of nurses’ documentation. METHODS: Using quasi-experimental design, two wards were grouped into electronic and paper-based wards. Nurses were trained to use electronic- and paperbased SNCPs for care-planning and documentation. Data was collected before, 3, and 6 months postintervention and analyzed with SPSS version 20. FINDINGS: There was improvement in documentation quality in the two wards after introducing SNCPs with higher quality scores in the electronic ward postintervention. CONCLUSION: Providing SNCPs in electronic and paper formats is critical to improving nursing documentation. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Adequate training and support for nurses are needed for successful implementation of SNCPs in electronic health records (EHRs) in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses epistemic violence in social science research, drawing on a multiyear study with marginalized teenagers in Old Havana, Cuba to articulate an onto-epistemological approach to knowledge production that can contribute to the decoloniality of knowledge production. Building on decolonial, feminist, Indigenous, and poststructuralist theories, the heuristic presented here contributes an alternative to conventional positivist understandings of knowledge, by defining knowledge as social, created, performed and resistant, and illustrates how these theoretical tenets can be made material in research practice, in this case through the use of arts-based methods. Responding to calls to decolonize knowledge within the field of children's geographies and adjacent disciplines, this paper addresses the attendant need to reconceptualize what counts as knowledge and identify methodological innovations to support the achievement of these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this is to examine the visualization, dynamicity, and collaborative networking of scientific production on visible light (VL) and skin aging through scientometric analysis. Materials and Methods: This research consisted of a cross‐sectional and descriptive design with a scientometric approach that examined the publication trends and collaborative patterns among authors and institutions from 2018 to 2023. A comprehensive search strategy was also employed by using specific keywords related to VL and skin aging. In this case, several indicators were employed, including scholarly output, view count, field‐weighted citation impact (FWCI), and citation count. The analyses were performed by using SciVal software and R Studio version 4.3.2. Results: A total of 180 sources were identified, with 280 documents generated, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.72%. The documents, averaging 3.25 years in age, received an average of 12.14 citations, revealing their impact. Additionally, collaborations were evident, with a ratio of 5.6 coauthors per paper and 25.71% consisting of international collaborations. In terms of institutions, there were notable disparities in scholarly activities and impact metrics, highlighting the diversity of the research landscape. Meanwhile, journals, such as Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, revealed a substantial impact (FWCI 2.05). Overall, the impact of the journals showed a general upward trend, reflecting dynamicity and variability over time. Conclusion: An annual growth rate of 6.72% was found, with 180 sources and 280 papers on VL and skin aging. Moreover, international collaborations, the positive impact in leading journals, and the distribution patterns identified through scientometric laws underscored the vitality and complexity of the field. These results offer valuable insights into guiding future research in this multidisciplinary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intermittent catheterization (IC) has been identified as one of the critical techniques used by spinal cord injury (SCI) patients to cope with emptying the bladder, despite several problems impeding this procedure. Aim: The study aimed accordingly to explore the lived experience of Arab male patients on IC after their SCI. Design: This study was carried out by using a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological analysis of data. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out on 10 Arab male patients from the Rehabilitation Hospital at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia who were utilizing intermittent catheters following SCI. The interviews were analysed using Husserl's phenomenology and the Colaizzi method of data analysis. Results: Two major themes and six sub‐themes were identified from exploring the patients experience. These themes are as follows: Theme 1: The Way to IC; with two sub‐themes: (i) 'service provided and acceptance' and (ii) 'educational experience'; Theme 2: Lifestyle and self‐adaptation; with four sub‐themes: (i) 'Flexibility and freedom', (ii) 'Physical access to the community', (iii) 'Traveling' and (iv) 'Work and Social life balance'. Conclusion: It is evident that using an intermittent catheter among patients with SCI influenced almost all aspects of the participant's life, including their social lives and body image appearance. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Intermittent catheterization (IC) can help address bladder management issues by offering the patient more autonomous management.Psychological phenomenological analysis relies significantly on lived experience. What this paper adds? IC is a continuing approach to self‐care management that should result in physical and psychological benefits such as further control and privacy for people with SCI.IC for men with SCI is seen as one of the most successful techniques of bladder management.Understanding and valuing lived experiences' help in understanding individuals and sharing experiences with the rest of the world. The implications of this paper: This paper is crucial for promoting cultural sensitivity in healthcare and engaging patients in their care by recognizing and valuing their unique perceptions and experiences.Healthcare practitioners, particularly nurses, might utilize the study's findings to offer tailored clear explanations about how to use and care for IC, as well as its physical and psychological effects and repercussions, as well as keep them up‐to‐date on the various worldwide experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and hand hygiene beliefs and practices of surgical nurses. Method: This article is a descriptive correlational study. It was conducted between February and May 2021 with 306 surgical nurses working at public and private hospitals in Northern Cyprus. A personal information form, Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory were used for data collection. Results: Of the participants in the study, 25.41% were 29 years old or younger and 85.15% were female. The mean scores obtained from the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and the Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory were 23.12 ± 8.03, 81.33 ± 7.67 and 69.15 ± 1.94, respectively. The Fear of COVID‐19 Scale scores were negatively correlated with the Hand Hygiene Belief Scale scores and positively correlated with the Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory scores. Conclusion: Hand hygiene practices were better for nurses with higher level of COVID‐19 fear. Therefore, a high level of seriousness and awareness of nurses about hand hygiene, which was achieved during the COVID‐19 pandemic, should be sustained to maintain proper hand hygiene practices. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Hand hygiene is one of the primary ways to control the COVID‐19 pandemic.Adherence to hand hygiene may be influenced by various factors, including personal traits.Hand hygiene adherence among health professionals was low prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. What this paper adds? The Fear of COVID‐19 Scale scores of surgical nurses were above average.This study found that the fear of COVID‐19 was positively linked to hand hygiene practices of surgical nurses. The implications of this paper: Seriousness and awareness of nurses about hand hygiene during the COVID‐19 pandemic should be sustained in order to maintain good hand hygiene practices.Visual and printed education materials may emphasize disease and mortality rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Health institutions have the responsibility to provide appropriate antiseptic products to prevent hand skin problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing a psychological first aid intervention for psychological distress, resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors affected by earthquake adversity in Northern Syria. Methods: A quasi‐experimental, pre‐posttest, two‐group research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 95 survivors (46 in the study group and 49 in the control group) was recruited for the psychological First Aid intervention at a 1:1 ratio. The psychological first aid intervention was delivered in 10 sessions, twice weekly, followed by 3‐month follow‐up. Results: A statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors, along with a significant reduction in psychological distress, was registered among the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our work verified the suitability of implementing psychological first aid following the catastrophic temblors which struck Northern Syria. Given that the psychological first aid intervention is grounded in psychological safety, cognitive reframing, mobilization of social support and installation of hope, the feasibility of its path following public health emergency, traumatic events or even a personal crisis can be favourable. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? On 6 February 2023, a massive earthquake devastated large portions of war‐torn northwest Syria and southern Turkey, leaving millions in these regions battling to reconstruct their lives.In northwest Syria, strong aftershocks left more than 4500 people dead, injured hundreds more and demolished at least 10 000 structures.Disasters such as earthquakes can have a significant impact on the mental health and well‐being of those affected. Survivors may experience high levels of psychological distress and other negative mental health recovery outcomes.There is a need for psychologically supportive interventions such as the psychological first aid intervention to help survivors cope with the aftermath of such disasters.What this paper adds? A statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors, along with a significant reduction in psychological distress, was registered among the study group compared to the control group.Our work verified the suitability of implementing the psychological first aid intervention following the catastrophic temblors which struck Northern Syria.The implications of this paper: Being ready for disasters is critical; health care professionals, including nurses, are one of the most frequently requested actors in disaster interventions.Nurses are an indispensable part in ascertaining the psychological repercussions of disasters on survivors, families and communities.Due to their training and professional experience, nurses can take the lead in reducing health‐threatening risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index, an instrument to assess nurses' empathy. Background: A practical empathic approach is valuable for planning nursing interventions suitable for the patient's conditions and needs and increasing patient satisfaction. Design: This is a methodological study. Methods: The study was carried out at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital, recruiting a total of 358 nurses between January and February 2023. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine and validate the factor structure of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: The exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, all goodness of fit measures were within acceptable limits. Cronbach's α values were 0.89 for the total scale with 17 items and between 0.73 and 0.81 for the factors. In test–retest analyses, all intra‐class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.7, and the correlations between the first and second applications of the scale were between 0.61 and 0.73. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index can be applied as a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate empathy in Turkish nurses. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In order for nurses to provide adequate care and help to their patients, their empathy skills should be developed at the desired level, and they should have an empathetic disposition.Numerous empathy scales have been developed to measure empathy, a crucial element in interpersonal relationships, but since these scales have an excessive number of items and explanatory texts, their evaluation takes a long time. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which was originally developed in English, has been designed so that nurses can quickly assess their empathic abilities and perspectives reflecting their respective helping actions. What does this paper add? The factor structure determined as a result of'the confirmatory factor analysis of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index has three factors, and the factor structure in the original scale has two factors.The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index has 17 items in the present study and 27 in the original scale.The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index is a reliable and valid scale for the Turkish culture. The implications of this paper: The Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index can be used as a self‐assessment tool to evaluate empathic dispositions and practices among Turkish nurses.Nurse educators can also use the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate empathy education programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the experience of primary health care nurses regarding the application of nurse‐led management in patients with acute minor illnesses. Background: Nursing leadership of care for acute minor illnesses is a new challenge faced by nurses in Spain. Design: Qualitative, hermeneutical, interpretive phenomenological approach is used. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines were applied. Methods: Twenty primary care nurses participated; three focus group discussions and nine semi‐structured interviews were conducted between November 2019 and October 2020. All the focus group discussions and interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. Results: Seven main themes emerged from the focus group discussions and interviews: concept, perception of the other actors, practice, history and social context, competencies, training, and legality. Conclusion: The study shows the diversity and complexity of nurses' experience when applying nurse‐led management in acute minor illnesses. This work has helped to show the gaps perceived by nurses, including the lack of training in the treatment of conditions historically attended by physicians, the lack of definition of the legal framework and the limitations on nurse prescribing. It also highlighted the power of the nursing profession in terms of autonomy, competencies and role expansion. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurse‐led management of acute minor illnesses is being applied in multiple countries.Nurse‐led management in patients with acute minor illnesses is known to have benefits for both the patient and the system.Nurses' perceptions of applying nurse‐led management in patients with acute minor illnesses are not known but such knowledge would allow the detection of drivers and barriers for this model of care.What this paper adds? The concept of nurse‐led management in patients with acute minor illnesses needs to be clarified to avoid confusion with triage.The topic was perceived as not properly covered in university studies and attended by a lack of ongoing training.Nurses express self‐doubt in their prescribing because they have been able to do so autonomously for only a short time.The implications of this paper: Nurses consider themselves competent to apply nurse‐led management of acute minor illnesses but need more training and knowledge of the legal framework.University curricula need reform and adaptation to the training needs of these new roles. In addition, continuing education will be required.National regulation is needed to enable this practice without dependence on other professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the association between nurse education levels and patient‐related factors with hypertension self‐care. Background: Although self‐care development is recognized as a healthcare provider–patient encounter, the attribution of nurse education level to hypertension self‐care is not well addressed. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: Hypertensive patients from 15 primary care facilities were sampled, and self‐care was assessed using the Self‐Care of Hypertension Inventory version 2.0, with standardized scores ≥70 indicating adequate self‐care. Data on patient‐related factors were obtained from electronic health records, self‐reports and laboratory tests, while nurse education levels were categorized as standard (baccalaureate‐prepared) or higher (post‐baccalaureate specialty). Results: A total of 1493 participants were included in this study, with a median age of 66 years and 77.7% being female. Approximately 10% of participants had adequate self‐care, and 66% received care from higher educated nurses. The study showed the relation between nurse education levels and the self‐care of the patients. Adequate hypertension self‐care was significantly associated with higher educated nurse providers and patient‐related factors, including intermediate to higher education, non‐overweight/obese and the absence of age‐related comorbidities. Conclusions: Hypertensive patients who had been provided care by higher educated nurses and their favourable sociodemographic, lower cardiometabolic risk and no concomitant disease were more likely to demonstrate adequate self‐care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Improving hypertension self‐care requires attention to both patient‐related and healthcare‐related factors.Clinical trial studies have established the effectiveness of nurse‐enhanced hypertension self‐care.There is currently a lack of evidence regarding the impact of nurse‐related factors, such as nurse education level, on hypertension outcomes in routine primary care practice and observational studies.What this paper adds? We confirmed that patient‐related factors, such as having intermediate to higher education, being non‐overweight/obese and not having aging‐related comorbidities, were associated with better hypertension self‐care.Patients who received care from higher educated nurses demonstrated better hypertension self‐care.The implications of this paper: To enhance hypertension self‐care, clinicians should prioritize individuals who have low levels of education, are overweight/obese and have aging‐related comorbidities.Preparing nurses with advanced competence through higher education could be a viable approach to improving hypertension outcomes in primary care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflective essays have become common in higher education, especially for modules and programmes focused on the development of practical skills. This paper analyses the efficacy of reflective essays specifically for social research methods education and training. In order to do so, a thematic analysis of qualitative survey data from undergraduate students taking a compulsory second-year social research methods module was undertaken. Overall, I contend that while the process of reflecting itself has clear benefits, and students themselves generally perceive the act of reflecting as being personally beneficial, the requirement to write up into an essay for submission has more mixed results. Further, while previous studies have suggested that reflective essays are confidence-building exercises, this research suggests that while this was the case for some students who completed the assignment, others found the process more discouraging. The paper concludes by suggesting several potential improvements that could be made to reflective essays in order to mitigate these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]