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This paper is based on a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with one hundred migrant smugglers. This study was conducted between April 2008 and July 2012, and examines the transformation of migrant smuggling between Mexico and the United States in the context of restrictive migratory policies. The paper concludes that Mexican migrant smugglers have lost independence, because now they have to pay multiple bribes and they need the sponsorship of US employers to conduce undocumented immigrants from their place of origin to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many national and international organizations consider that the U.S. economic crisis is the reason behind a significant decrease of migratory flows, from and through Mexico, towards the United States in 2009. This has also increased the number of cases of abuse and deportation of migrants. This paper analyzes the cause for deportation of migrants from all over the United States to Mexico. Furthermore, we will depict the violence and abuse that this vulnerable group of people are subject to in Mexico, not only by municipal, federal or migration authorities, but by other actors of the migratory process, called “coyotes", who also violate migrant's human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how, although the emigration of Chiapas residents to the United States is a recent phenomenon, it has its roots in internal migrations to increasingly distant places. The author traces its development from 1925 to 2003, describing some of the salient characteristics of these migrants: such as the means of transport used to reach the northern border, sources of financing for carrying out the trip, the migratory experience, crossing points, municipalities of origin and places of destination, using data from the Survey on Migration from Mexico's Northern Border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]