Search

The biocompatibility and effects on cells' bioactivity of developed pharmaceuticals are crucial properties, required to permit their safe delivery. Nanogel matrices offer a promising role in emerging pharmaceutics; however, it is crucial that they and their excipients do not demonstrate detrimental effects on the cells to which they interact. This study investigated the use of Teflon and the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid in the formation of novel nanogel matrices. Each has properties which may be of benefit for the nanogels created and their use in the pharmaceutical industry. Rheological parameters and scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted. In order to assess the developed nanogels' impacts on cellular bioactivity, studies using Seahorse assays were conducted on three cell types, hepatic, muscle and pancreatic beta cells. Results demonstrated the addition of Teflon did not alter the morphological characteristics of resulting nanogels or the metabolic profiles of the cell lines. Interestingly, pancreatic beta cells highlighted the potential of Teflon to exert a protective profile from mitochondrial damage. Overall, the developed nanogels showed potentially promising profiles in certain studies conducted which may lead to future research. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background / Aim: Metformin is widely used in type 2 diabetes and exhibits many positive biological effects on pancreatic β-cells and muscle cells, such as supporting insulin release by β-cells and glucose uptake by muscle cells and reducing oxidative stress, particularly due to diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia. Interestingly, for type 1 diabetes, transplantation of healthy β-cells has been proposed as a novel way to replace insulin therapy. Recently, bile acid-formulations containing transplantable β-cells showed best stability. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effects of metformin-bile acid formulations in β-cell encapsulation and on the biological activities of β-cells and muscle-cells. Methods: Two sets of biological effects were examined, using metformin-bile acid formulations, on encapsulated β-cells and on muscle cells exposed to the formulations. Results: Various encapsulated β-cell formulations' cell viability, insulin levels, cellular oxidative stress, cellular inflammatory profile and bioenergetics at the normo- and hyper-glycaemic states showed differing results based upon the metformin concentration and the inclusion or absence of bile acid. Similar effects were observed with muscle cells. Low ratios of metformin and bile acids showed best biological effects, suggesting a formulation dependent result. The formulations' positive effects were more profound at the hyperglycaemic state suggesting efficient cell protective effects. Conclusion: Overall, metformin had positive impacts on the cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the addition of chenodeoxycholic acid further improving results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies in our laboratories have shown promising effects of bile acids in ➀ drug encapsulation for oral targeted delivery (via capsule stabilization) particularly when encapsulated with Eudragit NM30D® and ➁ viable-cell encapsulation and delivery (via supporting cell viability and biological activities, postencapsulation). Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate applications of bile acid-Eudragit NM30D® capsules in viable-cell encapsulation ready for delivery. Mouse-cloned pancreatic β-cell line was cultured and cells encapsulated using bile acid-Eudragit NM30D® capsules, and capsules' images, viability, inflammation, and bioenergetics of encapsulated cells assessed. The capsules' thermal and chemical stability assays were also assessed to ascertain an association between capsules' stability and cellular biological activities. Bile acid-Eudragit NM30D® capsules showed improved cell viability (e.g., F1 < F2 & F8; p < 0.05), insulin, inflammatory profile, and bioenergetics as well as thermal and chemical stability, compared with control. These effects were formulation-dependent and suggest, overall, that changes in ratios of bile acids to Eudragit NM30D® can change the microenvironment of the capsules and subsequent cellular biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]