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This work presents results of FT-IR spectroscopic studies of anions-chromate, phosphate and arsenate - sorbed from aqueous solutions (different concentrations of anions) on zeolites. The sorption has been conducted on natural zeolites from different structural groups, i.e. chabazite, mordenite, ferrierite and clinoptilolite. The Na-forms of sorbents were exchanged with hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations (HDTMA+) and organo-zeolites were obtained. External cation exchange capacities (ECEC) of organo-zeolites were measured. Their values are 17mmol/100g for chabazite, 4mmol/100g for mordenite and ferrierite and 10mmol/100g for clinoptilolite. The used initial inputs of HDTMA correspond to 100% and 200% ECEC of the minerals. Organo-modificated sorbents were subsequently used for immobilization of mentioned anions. It was proven that aforementioned anions' sorption causes changes in IR spectra of the HDTMA-zeolites. These alterations are dependent on the kind of anions that were sorbed. In all cases, variations are due to bands corresponding to the characteristic Si-O(Si,Al) vibrations (occurring in alumino- and silicooxygen tetrahedra building spatial framework of zeolites). Alkylammonium surfactant vibrations have also been observed. Systematic changes in the spectra connected with the anion concentration in the initial solution have been revealed. The amounts of sorbed CrO42-, AsO43- and PO43- ions were calculated from the difference between their concentrations in solutions before (initial concentration) and after (equilibrium concentration) sorption experiments. Concentrations of anions were determined by spectrophotometric method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the results of spectroscopic (MIR and Raman) studies of zeolite structures after immobilization of heavy metal cations from aqueous solutions. The sorption of Ag +, Cu 2+, Cd 2+, Pb 2+, Zn 2+, and Cr 3+ ions has been conducted on zeolites belonging to different structural groups, i.e., sodium forms of natural chabazite, mordenite, ferrierite, and clinoptilolite, as well as on synthetic zeolite Y. Systematic changes in intensities and positions of the bands corresponding to the characteristic ring vibrations have been observed in the measured spectra. The most visible changes are observed in the FT-IR spectra of the samples in the range of 850–450 cm –1, and in the Raman spectra in the range of 600–250 cm –1. Depending on the zeolite structure, the bands, which can be regarded as a kind of indicator of ion exchange, were indentifi ed. For example, in the case of IR spectra, these bands are at 766, 703, 648, 578, and 506 cm –1 for zeolite Y, at 733 and 560 cm –1 for mordenite, at 675 cm –1 for clinoptilolite, etc. The degree of changes depends on both the type of cation and its concentration in the initial solution. This is connected with the way of binding of metal ions to the zeolite aluminosilicate framework, i.e., a proportion of the ion exchange and chemisorption in the process. Cations mainly undergoing ion exchange, such as Cd 2+ or Pb 2+, have the greatest impact on the character of the spectra. On the other hand, Cr 3+ ions practically do not modify the spectra of zeolites. Results of IR and Raman spectroscopic studies have been compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), from which the proportion of ion exchange to chemisorption in the process and the effective cation exchange capacity of the individual samples have been estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]